Eight Bomber Command Essay

Eight Bomber Command Essay
The Eighth bomber command was part of the Army Air Force and was re–designated as the 8th air
force in February of 1944. The command took the headquarters to England in early 1942 once they
were activated to conduct aerial bomb runs over Nazi–occupied Europe. During World War II the
8th AF became the greatest air armada in the history of the Army Air Force.1 It was commanded by
great Generals such as Jimmy Doolitle and produced one of the most famous planes, The Memphis
Belle. History The 8th Air Force arrived in England with one main mission, to destroy Germany's
ability to wage war over Europe. They were to do this by flying day bomb runs on a massive scale to
compliment the night time raids that the RAF were conducting. These massive formations ... Show
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Because of the tight formations and gutsy flying by the B–17 crews they were able to put thousands
of tons of bombs on target with great accuracy. The insight and information of the crews was a vital
part in the military to create bigger and better equipment to help the war come to a close. While
many of the crews were lost, the steel on target and the information provided saved thousands of
lives. The average death toll of a B–17 pilot during World War II was eighty percent. To put that in
perspective CPT. Morgan, the pilot of the Memphis Belle, said it like this, "You eat breakfast with
10 of your closest buddies, go on a mission, and only two would be at
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B 17 Characteristics
Every major conflict the United States of America has fought in has had a defining characteristic
that people identify with that era. Some of these identifiable characteristics include the Red Coats of
the Revolutionary War and the trench warfare of World War I. World War II also had a defining
characteristic. One can make the argument that in World War II that defining characteristic was the
use of aviation, most notably the bomber. One of the most iconic bombers of World War II was the
B–17 Flying Fortress. This paper will explain what brought about the development of the B–17 and
its inception, as well as the B–17's role in combat and supporting ground troops. Lastly, discussed
are the Memphis Belle and Old 666, two notable B–17's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While many believe the Memphis Belle was the first B–17 to complete 25 missions, the B–17 Hells
Angels accomplished the feat six days earlier on May 13, 1943. The significance of completing 25
missions stems from the statistic that a bomber and its crew would only be able to complete 8–12
missions before it was destroyed by the enemy or permanently damaged. While the Memphis Belle
may not have been the first B–17 to achieve the task, it was the first to achieve it without losing a
single member of its crew. The Memphis Belle downed eight enemy fighters, dropped a payload of
over 60 tons worth of bombs over Germany, France and Belgium, and flew 148 hours and 50
minutes of combat missions, covering more than 20,000 combat miles. Currently, the Memphis
Belle is at National Museum of the United States Air Force near Dayton, Ohio undergoing extensive

B-24 Research Paper
B–17 and B–24 in World War II The model B–17 and B–24 airplanes are widely known as the most
iconic American bomber planes that were used in World War II. The airplanes were manufactured by
separate companies, and both produced over a ten year period with several thousands of each
manufactured. Without the introduction of these airplanes, the aerial combat of World War II would
have changed drastically and could potentially have changed the outcome of the war. The B–17 was
manufactured by Boeing in 1935, with the original prototype called the Model 299. This airplane
was the sole focus of the company during this point in time due to the USAAC (US Army Air
Corps) calling for proposals of airplane designs be sent to them, the most promising company would
receive a contract for 220 planes. On October 30, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With newer and better technology coming out, the company planned on changing the specifications
to make a more modern airplane that later became known as the B–24. The B–24 made some
improvements including; "higher top speed, heavier bomb load" and other slight upgrades. (Aviation
history B–24) While there were several improvements it had one flaw that made it more of a sitting
target than the B–17; the max ceiling it could operate at was around four to seven thousand less
(depending on model) making the B–24 more susceptible to flak guns. Even with this flaw the
USAAC ordered more B–24's, so much so that the rest of the work had to be divided between Ford,
Douglas and North American. (Military history) Over eighteen thousand were made between the
four manufactures. The B–24 was later given the name "Liberator" after the British ordered them for
their Royal Air Force. Though the B–24 was created in mind of updating the B–17, the upgrades
were close enough to the newer versions of the B–17 that it became more common to see them
flying together in missions rather than replacing

A Fighter And An Escort Changes The Course Of World War II
P–51 Mustang: A Fighter and an Escort changes the course of World War II
Theodore M. Aarstad Jr.
United States Army Aviation Warrant Officer Career College
Abstract
[The abstract should be one paragraph of between 150 and 250 words. It is not indented. Section
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Keywords: [Click here to add keywords.]
P–51 Mustang: A Fighter and an Escort changes the course of World War II
Long before the B–17 came to be and, in fact, long before the United States would enter the Second
World War, the Army Air Corps put out a request for bomber prototypes. Three companies answered
the call with Boeing Airplane Company being one them. Originally labeled the Model 299, Boeing
raised eyebrows in excitement by flying their offering 2,000 miles nonstop at an average speed of
252 mph from the plant in Seattle, WA to Wright Field, OH. As stated in the book Boeing Aircraft
since 1916 by Peter M. Bowers (1966) (P. 245), the flight, the name, the armament, etc. "...resulted
in a rash of publicity unlike that given to any individual aeroplane since the transatlantic flight of
Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis eight years before." Unfortunately, before

Write An Essay On American Airplanes
Aircraft wasn't used in a war until 1911 by the Italians against the Turks. Aviation became one of the
most important parts of militaries in WWII. The country that had control over the air usually had
defeated ground troops. Depending upon where the country lies on the map they had strengths in
their militaries and weaknesses like Japan. Japan is an island and they will have a more advanced
naval technology. Not all countries fought in the war but they helped other countries that they are
allied with by giving them supplies. In the early wars when aircraft was just starting being used.
There were what you would call a biplane. A biplane is a plane with two sets of wings. One on top
of the other. Biplanes weren't the fastest planes. Some could travel at about 228 miles per hour. It
couldn't maneuver near as well as a monoplane. They weren't as advanced in technology. They were
much cheaper and less complicated to build. There were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such as the Horten Ho 229. The Ho 229 was the first jet powered plane. Its name came from Walter
Horten. He was the person who developed it. It was a stealth bomber. This plane is unique because
of its shape. It doesn't have a body and a pair of wings that shoot out the sides of it. It was in sort of
a triangle shape. It weighed about 9 tons. This plane was superior to the Supermarine Spitfire. It
could travel at about 606 miles per hour. Its maneuverability was absolutely remarkable for a
bomber. The advancements in aviation changed our world today. Some of the planes, tanks, and
ships from the World War Two era are still used in militaries today. World War Two was a bad thing
in history, but there was some good that came out of it. If you think about it, we probably wouldn't
have such a strong military if it wasn't for WWII. Each country had their strengths and weaknesses.
Each country failed at the same things everyone else did. World War Two changed the way many
people live

World War II Bomber Plane
WORlD WAR II BOMBER PLANES Imagine that you are a pilot in World War II fighting for the
Allies. You and your bomber squad are flying over enemy territory below, and are just at the point of
pressing a button, which will unleash havoc on the ground below. This, was quite a common theme
in World War II, as bombings from both the Axis and Ally side happened extremely often. The
bomber plane was heavily changed in World War 2, and the journey of evolution that it has taken is
truly fascinating. To start off with, the first bomber plane dated all the way back to before World
War I. During this period of time, the pilot of the aircraft would have to open up the window of the
cockpit and hand–throw the bombs (Polmar). Germany, who fought on the Axis side in World War
II, developed the first true bomber plane when the war started (Polmar). After the war got going the
USA caught on with Germany's ideas and created their own versions of a bomber (Polmar). The one
that they created was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the most rememberable nuclear bombings done by the United States, these bombs were used
on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in retaliation of Pearl Harbor (Kroenig). Even though nukes were used a
little, fission bombs were the main type of bombs that the Ally bombers would use on their bombing
raids. (Kroenig). These fission bombs had a big blast radius, which led to more destruction
(Kroenig). Without these kind of bombs, bomber planes wouldn't have been as effective as they
were.
The bomber plane was truly changed in World War II. It was changed from the history, when
bomber pilots had to hand throw the bombs. It was changed when the B–17 flying fortress was
created and used. And, it was definitely changed when it became able to drop nukes and fission
bombs. In conclusion, bombs from bomber planes can affect people, countries, and the world's

Boeing 737 : The Best Selling Jet Airliner
The Boeing 737 is the best–selling jet airliner in the history of aviation. The following report will
look in depth at the company Boeing itself and its roots, the planning and production of the 737
series of aircraft, the progression of the aircraft and its upgrades, the aviation human factors and
airport planning factors considered during production, the next generation upgrades the aircraft has
seen, and an overall evaluation of the aircraft systems involved when referring to the Boeing 737
aircraft. The airframe, power plant, hydraulic, pneumatic, anti–icing systems, communications,
flight controls, winglets, flight instruments, seating possibilities, specifications, load capacity,
efficiency, reliability, range, production and sales, and the future of the 737 will all be discussed and
analyzed to show why and how the Boeing 737 became the world's most popular jet airliner to date.
.
The Boeing Company was founded by two men, William Boeing and George Conrad Westervelt.
William (Bill) Boeing was born in Detroit, Michigan and attended Yale without finishing as he
joined his father's lumber business in Seattle, Washington. Following a questionable ride in 1915
aboard a less than stable aircraft Bill Boeing set his mind on the idea that he could build a better
airplane than the ones available at the time. He recruited his friend Naval Officer George Conrad
Westervelt and they began their project. They called it the B&W (Boeing and Westervelt). The
rudimentary

Role Of Eglin Air Force Base During World War II
Looking back to World War II, nobody ever thinks about who contributed to the war and how he or
she contributed whether it be money, work, or even his or her own life. Few people in Florida and
even in our local area understand the important role Eglin Air Force Base played during World War
II. The primary mission of the Base during World War II was to perform operational suitability
testing for the Army Air Corps.
Eglin Air Force Base was originally started as Valparaiso Airport in 1933. There was a purchase of
an arrow–head shaped parcel of 137 acres. The area was cleared for use as an airdrome. "On 1
March 1935, application was made for an FERA grant to pave the runways and to build an office, a
barracks 30 x 120, a mess hall and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Accelerated aircraft and armament test began in September 1941, three months before Pearl Harbor.
In May 1941, the Army Air Corps designated Eglin as the Air Corps Proving Ground, removing it
from the jurisdiction of the Southeast Air Corps Training Command and placing the base
immediately under the control of the Chief of Air Corps. The primary purpose of the Proving
Ground was to provide a station for tactical test of aircraft armament and accessory equipment and
of aviation tactics and techniques.
Due to increasing size, Eglin Field was renamed Eglin Field Military Reservation in recognition of
its importance to the Air Corps. "Appropriations of $202,536 were announced by Congressman Bob
Sikes of Crestview in mid–April 1941 for construction and installation of water, sewage, electrical
facilities, sidewalks, roads, fences, parking areas, landscaping and for the construction of a sewage
disposal plant. Submitted to the WPA headquarters in Washington, DC in late March, the request
received presidential approval in April. Work continued apace on some projects on a 24 hour a day
basis." In order to provide the air arm a greater autonomy in which to expand more efficiently, the
Army Air Corps became the U. S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) in June 1941. Following the 7 Dec.
1941 attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States entry into World War II, Eglin became a

Germany's Role In Ww2
In the aerial theater of World War II, the Third Reich and the Allies employed notably different
philosophies to long–term strategic warfare. While the tactical aircraft (fighters, interceptors,
attackers) of both factions were rather similar in role and efficacy, the Luftwaffe staggered behind
RAF, USAF, and Soviet Air Force in the development of long–range heavy bomber aircraft. This
was the result not of inferior technology or engineering, but rather shortsightedness from Hermann
Goring and the rest of Hitler's cabinet. Early in the war, Germany had experienced great success
with the Blitzkrieg combat strategy, which emphasized armored warfare, close–in air support, and
continual penetration into enemy territory. This military philosophy ... Show more content on
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The power–weight ratio provided by this unique design allowed their aircraft, the Horten 229 to
meet the standards of the jet bomber program despite the limitations of propulsion technology.
Furthermore, the aircraft was constructed not out of aluminum, but of wood, thus reducing weight
and improving maneuverability. In initial handling tests, the 229 easily outmaneuvered and
outperformed the Schwalbe, proving its capability as both a bomber and a dogfighter. With this in
mind, the Horten brothers prepared to develop a fighter model which carried twin high–caliber
30mm Mk103 cannons, giving the aircraft the capability to harass light tanks and armored vehicles,
in addition to dogfighting enemy interceptors and destroying heavy bombers. The strategic bomber
conversion of the aircraft would have carried 1000 kg of ordnance, in the form of two 500 kg
bombs. Although the payload of the aircraft may seem underwhelming compared to Allied bombers
(the B–17 and Pe–8 could carry up to 2,700 kg and 5,000 kg, respectively) the wooden construction
of the 229 would have drastically reduced production costs, allowing large quantities of aircraft to
make up for the deficiencies in the payload of individual

US Heavy Bombers In World War II
Development of US Heavy Bombers in World War II A total war is defined by a war that is
unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, and one in which the
laws of war are disregarded (Total War). World War II was one such war. The 1940's called for a
time in which armies created and used weapons that had never been seen before. The use of flight in
war became a crucial tool in competing in the second world war. As the war developed, the United
States' Army Air Forces progressed and evolved their equipment, especially heavy bomber air
planes, to stay on top of international threats. The first ever flight was on December 17, 1903 by the
Wright Brother's Wright Flyer I (Wright Brothers). After years of development ... Show more
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Boasting a larger and stronger air craft, the B–29 soon took over the bombardment force and was
prominent in the US Army Air force by 1942. The plane could carry more payload and fly faster
than the B–17's. It It was armed with 10 .50–caliber machine guns and one 20–millimeter cannon.
Fulfilling its main duty of heavy bombing, the four engined (2,200 horse power) air craft could hold
ten tons of bomb capacity. In the span of the war, 3,970 B–29 air crafts were built for war. The new
Superfortress was superior not only in power and size but also in its innovative technology. For the
first time ever, an aircraft provided gun power controlled by remote control (Wilkinson). While the
pilot and crew controlled the plane, some of the turrets could be fired from the control center. The
plane's wings, Fowler flaps, were larger to increase the aircrafts lift (Airplane). Soon after the state–
of–the–art plane surfaced in the United States Army Air Force, other countries such as the Soviet
Union built copies of the

The Boeing B-17: The Last Model
"Without the B–17, we might have lost the war." – General Carl Spaatz, Commander, US Air Force,
1944. In WWII the B–17 was a very popular plane and was one of the trademarks of Boeing Aircraft
Company. It was one of Boeing's most successful plane's. The B–17 was also one of the most used
bombers in war; it was a fortress of firepower and defense of all of the war planes it is surely one
that will be remembered.
The Boeing B–17 was made from 1941 to 1942. The last model was the B–17E which was always
being tweaked to meet the needs and improvements pointed out by the brave men that flew them
(B–17E, 1). The designer of the bomber was Edward Curtis Wells. It was designed in Seattle,
Washington, at Boeing's national headquarters. It also was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The standard gun type for this plane was a 12.7mm machine gun, it usually had at a minimum 11
guns ready at all times. It also had a capacity to carry 5,000 pounds of bombs. If the mission was,to
a very distant target, less bombs were carried so more fuel could be put on board. The most
commonly used bomb was the 500 lb General Purpose (GP), so on most missions the B–17s would
have ten of these in the bomb bay. There was a narrow catwalk through the bomb bay between the
two stacks of bombs, five to a side, hung in their shackles. After take–off the bombardier had to go
back to the bomb bay and remove the safety pins from the nose fuses of the bombs, so they would
be armed to explode when they hit the ground (Flying

Comparing P-51 Mustang And Martin B-26 Marauder
Luke Hameloth
Mrs. Hameloth
HS History
Throughout World War II the US used airplanes in many different ways. Some were used to carry
troops and supplies, some were used as bombers, and some were used to attack directly. The P–51
Mustang, the Boeing P–17 Flying Fortress, and the Martin B–26 Marauder are just a few examples
of these. Even though each plane had a different job, they all came together to help win the war. The
P–51 Mustang was commissioned by the British Royal Air Force, and was built by North American
Aviation. Its first flight took place on October 26th. The Mustang ran on the Packard V–1650–7
engine, which was a version of the Rolls–Royce Merlin 66 and was mounted with six .50 caliber
M2/AN Browning machine guns. The first units of Mustangs weren't able to reach high altitudes
because of inferior engines, which lead to them being used primarily as reconnaissance and ground
attacking planes. But the US decided to use them as bomber escorts for deep penetration daylight
bombing runs. The Boeing B–17 Flying Fortress was primarily used by the USAAC (United States
Army Air Corps) and was built by Boeing. The B–17 used four Pratt and Whitney R–1690 Hornet
Radial engines and carried five .30 caliber machine guns and ... Show more content on
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Martin Company for the USAAC and was also used by the Royal Air Force and the South African
Air Force. The Marauder was powered by two Pratt and Whitney R–2800 Double Wasp radial
engines and was equipped with a .30 caliber machine gun on the nose, two .50 caliber machine guns
on the dorsal fin, and another .30 caliber on the tail. The B–26 was nicknamed "Widowmaker"
because of its reputation to crash on take–offs. It had to be flown at precise speeds, which was
intimidating to pilots. As the crews became more trained for the aircraft, however, it became safer to
fly. The plane was modified as well to make take–offs easier and the Marauder soon became one of
the deadliest weapons in the

Pearl Harbor Boeing Research Paper
During World War II, Boeing and its partners worked together to produce a staggering 98,965
aircrafts. Nearly 28% of America total aircraft production, Boeing was a major contributor to the
production during the war. Exemplifying the wartime slogan, "We are all in it together!" Boeing
took lead in cooperating with other companies, including Douglas Aircraft, McDonnell Aircraft,
North American Aviation and the Hughes Aircraft Company, to organize the aviation industry into
maximum production. Many of the workers were women whose husbands had gone to war. A large
number of B–17 "Flying Fortress" and B–29 bombers were built. Boeing's production went from 60
B–17s a month in 1942 to 362 in 1944. With so many planes being built, precautions were taken to
prevent from being attacked. The manufacturing plants were covered with greenery and farmland
items. These planes helped guaranteed the Allies' victory and ... Show more content on
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This attack launched the United States into the two theaters of the world war. Before Pear Harbor,
the US was only involved in the war by supplying England and other countries with war supplies.
Pearl Harbor stared a rash fear over the nation's security, especially in the West Coast. In February
1942, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, which had the effect of relocating all
persons of Japanese ancestry. The objectives of the order were to prevent espionage and to protect
persons of Japanese descent from harm at the hands of American who had strong anti–Japanese
attitudes. They were sent to permanent relocation center outside the restricted military zones. The
internment of persons of Japanese ancestry during World War II sparked constitutional and political
debate. During the Reagan–Bush years, Congress moved toward the passage of Public Law 100–383
in 1988, which acknowledged the injustice of the internment, apologized for it, and provided a
$20,000 cash payment to each person who was

B-17 Essay
Could you imagine shooting at planes in a glass ball while being 30,000 meters in the air? The B–
17, B–17E, B–17F, B–17G, and B–29 were all critical in the war effort against Germany and Japan.
People had to do that while being shot at too. It was so cold they had to wear fleece clothes. There
was so little oxygen they also had to have oxygen tanks. They also had comms(radios) to talk to
each other. The planes were very basic at first, but they eventually got new sights to improve their
accuracy, new motors to fly farther, and a new design so the plane was more streamlined. As
refinements progressed, along with better pilot training and tactics, it became a formidable weapon
in the Allied war against Germany and the War in the Pacific. The planes would get in a box
formation, flying relatively close for gunners meant more firepower. Gunners on a B–17G plane has
2– 0.5 guns in the Bendix chin turret. There was also a 0.50 caliber gun on each cheek, the dorsal
fin, the tail, and the ventral ball turret. There was also a 0.25 gun at each beam position. In theory,
no one approach route outside the bomber was uncontested. All of the positions provided some level
of armor protection but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Norden bombsight helped the bombers get closer to their target. They were to improve the
accuracy from within 1,000 yards to 500 yards. The plane was used to make a newer and more
advanced bomber. The B–17E and the B17–F were also able to fly farther and higher. The planes
now had new "Cyclone" motors, and got a turbo super charger. The planes system was also now
electrical and ammo was still fed from outside the ball turret. The turret was still small and cramped.
The shooter would usually have to be dragged out by the crew because of the bad circulation in their
legs. The plane was made by three major companies; Boeing, Vega, and Douglas. It also could carry
more bombs. The B–29 SuperFortress dropped the atomic bomb on

David Lockyer's War Limericks
War – it isn't desired by anyone. If we can, we try to avoid it as much as possible. But there are
times when war can't be avoided. This fighting ultimately leads to thousands of innocent lives lost –
men, women and children. We grieve their deaths, we mourn their deaths and we feel saddened by
their deaths. Poetry can help alleviate this saddened feeling. It can help us to feel happier in times of
great depression and stress. Some poems however strike the heart of war and the horrors related to
it. The poets can express their points of view on war, conscriptions or the propagandas in a dark
manner and create a gloomy atmosphere. One of these poems is part of David Lockyer's War
Limericks. As the title suggests, this poem is a limerick with sound and visual language used to
boost the poems meaning.
The theme of Lockyer's poem is the B–17, a bomber which flew for the United States Army Air
Corps in World War II. In this poem, Lockyer is trying to express his own point of view ... Show
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In the poem, Lockyer is expressing the success of the B–17 bomber in World War II. The bomber
was a relatively large airframe measuring in at a wingspan of 32 metres and an overall length of 21
metres. Because of this, he compares the B–17 to a castle, saying it was "a castle in the air." He also
calls the B–17 a "flying fortress." This name again gives us a visual image of just how large this
bomber was.
Speaking of a "flying fortress," this is one example of sound language that Lockyer has used. It is a
form of alliteration and helps to flow the poem. It helps to emphasise the idea of the B–17 being a
castle in the sky. Alliteration also adds to the rhythm of a poem and in a limerick this is all the more
important. Because this poem is a limerick, it contains an AABBA rhyme and rhythm pattern.
Rhyme and rhythm in a poem are important because they provide the heartbeat of the poem to
which it can flow

Ground Echelon Research Paper
The Ground Echelon consisted of three officers, one cadet, and 165 enlisted men who arrived on
November 4, 1941 aboard the United States Army Transport ship (USAT) "Franklin S. Leisenring."
U.S. bomb groups were classified into four types: Very Heavy (VH), Heavy (H), Medium (M) and
Light (L). Very Heavy = B –29 Super Fortress, B 32 Dominator. Heavy = B –17 Flying Fortress, B –
24 Liberator. Medium = B–18 Bolo, B–25 Mitchell, B–26 Marauder. Light = A–20 Havoc, A–26
Invader (both types were also attack aircrafts), ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
installation located approximately 1,400m /2,260 km from the coast of Brazil, and 1050m /1690 km
from the coast of Africa. (The distance between Atkinson Field and Natal, Brazil is 1,932 miles /
3,108km; Recife, Brazil 2,020 miles / 3,250 km; Ascension Island 3,201 miles / 5150km). The
Allied forces also had access to bases off the coast of West Africa that included: Roberts Field,
Liberia; Sierra Leone; Gambia; with additional bases in Ghana; Nigeria (Kano and Maiduguri);
Khartoum, Sudan which shares a border with Egypt and Libya. The Southern Air Route supported
the following operations: Operation Lightfoot: The British offensive in North Africa – 2nd Battle of
El Alamein, Egypt. Operation Torch: The first US Army offensive of the War led by General Patton
in North Africa Operation Husky: The Allied Invasion of Sicily Operation Avalanche: The Allied
Invasion of

10 Spitfire Facts
The Meaning behind Aircrafts Anxiety. Fear. Sadness. These are the things that the courageous
members of the allied Air Forces all felt during the time of WWII. Several different types of fighting
were used in WWII, battleships, tanks, and legions of soldiers, but the most useful, and perhaps the
most deadly of all was flying a military aircraft. Aircrafts were powerful tools in the war, yet they
were also a very expensive price to pay. The risk of using aircraft in combat was high, but it was
extremely useful to the allied forces. First, during the dark time of WWII, there were four main
types of planes: fighters, bombers, seaplanes, and transport aircraft. Fighters such as the Spitfire and
the Hawker Fury were used as prime weapons against ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The many different models of planes were helpful in their own unique way. It seems the most
helpful of all was the Supermarine Spitfire. Not only did we pay money for the Air Force, we paid
for it with the lives of the courageous members of the Force. The dark time of WWII definitely
scared this Earth for many years, and military aircraft are just a reminder of the time. However, the
reminder of WWII doesn't have to be painful. Since 1945, people have begun to love the old planes
used in battle. Many people like to go to airshows, where old military aircraft set to the sky in a
performance of skill. My own grandpa, who is past 80 years old, decorates his house with models of
aircrafts from the time. Air & Space magazine says, "Combat Aircrafts that were everyday
companions to airmen in the WWII generation have become extraordinary treasures to many in the
next", and many have proved this to be

The Flying Boxcar Named Desire Quotes
Memorable quotes – choose four different significant quotes from your text (does not have to be
dialogue; anytime you pull from the text you are QUOTING the text). Review MLA formatting for
longer quotes. Explain the premise and why these moments are significant – attempt to connect each
quote to the theme (purpose) outlined in section 3. Direct textual quotations must be used. 200
words for each discussion Quote #1 "Louie was on the raft. There was gentle Phil crumpled up
before him, Mac's breathing skeleton, endless ocean stretching away in every direction, the sun
lying over them, the cunning bodies of the sharks, waiting, circling. He was a body on a raft, dying
of thirst. He felt words whisper from his swollen lips. It was a promise ... Show more content on
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Discussion of mode #1 Pillsbury's lack of awareness caused the whole interaction with the Japanese
Zero. He "never saw it," and as a result it was able to successfully strike Super Man with cannon
shells (101). This causes the bomber to roll sideways, which saves the life of Ray Lambert. If the
plane had not rolled to its side, then it is extremely likely the cannon shell would have struck him in
the head and killed him. Additionally, Hillenbrand incorporates onomatopoeia when describing the
sounds of the cannon shells colliding with the plane to imitate the actual sound, which increases the
accuracy of the portrayal of the event. B. Discussion of mode #2 Hillenbrand defines the B–24
bomber as a poorly built, dangerous aircraft that airmen are wary of. It is cramped, ugly, and unsafe.
Flying it was similar to "wrestling a bear," and "there were several incidents in which B–24 tails
dropped off in midair" (64). By defining the B–24 from the point of view of airmen, Hillenbrand
emphasizes that it is not the preferred aircraft for the soldiers for the reasons listed. Instead, "the
kind of plane that men wanted to be seen in" is the B–17 Flying Fortress (63). The Flying Fortress is
"handsome, masculine, nimble, fiercely armed, reliable, long–winded, and practically indestructible"
(63). This is in stark contrast to the B–24, and depicts the B–17 as the superior aircraft. They are
only similar "[o]n paper," but their real life performance could not be more different

Historical Investigation on Ww2
How did advancements of aviation during WW2 led to modern civil travel? Jesus Melgoza March
31, 2011 Word count: 1,645 A: Plan of investigation How did advancements of aviation during
WW2 led to modern civil travel? This investigation will look to see how the advancements of the
modern airplane during WW2 helped to shape civil travel today. This investigation will be looking
mainly at secondary sources like sources of the planes themselves and histories or company who
specialize in the modern aircraft, primary sources will be used only to tell of the handling of the
plane themselves. This investigation will look at only airplanes and no other major types of travel.
The investigation will not look to major battles or causes of ... Show more content on
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Some limitations that can be found in this source are that may contain bias because it was made by
the Boeing Company meaning they could have left something's out or glorified some things. We
need the point of view of an old CEO to tell how he wanted the company to be shaped and how this
led to civilian transportation. D: Analysis The question of this investigation is how did
advancements of aviation during WW2 led to safer civil travel? This can be proved very simply by
saying that planes grew to be safer and many civil companies grew with the investments of war.
During WW1 the life expectancy of a fighter pilot was a couple of weeks or in actual flying time a
mere "40 to 60 hours" which can be rounded 2 to 2.5 days (American Aviators). During the use of
planes for war it was considered to be a great hazard and many men would not return from this
hazard. Then during WW2 the life expectancy dropped very dramatically due to the amount of anti–
aircraft weaponry that became readily available to a soldiers on the battle field soon the life
expectancy was a pitiful, "1 hour 46 minutes" for bomber pilots, "19 minutes" for fighter pilots, and
an amazing "17 seconds" for glider pilots (Combat Gliders). This however did not stop the hungry
for aviation very soon the courtiers of the world wanted better, faster, more durable planes and
engines which lead to a technologic surge. Soon the a "mulit–bomber" plane would be able to reach
speeds

Reflections on the Death of the Ball Turret Gunner Essay
A Reflection on "The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner" Rebeca Espirito Santo
The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner "From my mother's sleep I fell into the State And I hunched in
its belly till my wet fur froze Six miles from the earth, loosed from its dream of life I woke to black
flack and the nightmare fighters When I died they washed me out of the turret with a hose." Randall
Jarrell
"The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner", by Randall Jarrell, is a surprisingly simple and brief poem;
nevertheless it is extensive in content. Due to carefully chosen words, with ... Show more content on
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Even if he was spared another gunner's bullet at the end of the mission, he knew he was still not
safe. In the case of a forced landing, he knew he would be sacrificed. On the third line – "Six miles
from the earth, loosed from its dream of life" – one can observe his acknowledgment of this surreal
reality. This leads the character to the understanding of not only his physical distance from earth, but
also from earthly life and the odds against him going back to that life. He was already preparing
himself for the worst and suppressing his hopes of survival. Through the distress of a single man,
Jarrell is able to depict the fears of a lonely soldier in an extremely vulnerable position, and invites
us into the heinous reality of war which forces us to question our impressions of soldiers having no
fear yet not questioning their bravery. War can produce gruesome situations that can cause even the
bravest men to face their fears, but it is how they deal with this fear that is the important part. Ball
turret gunners were courageous warriors. They were fully aware of how susceptible to death they
were, nevertheless, they would continue to fight time after time. WWII was a dreadful episode in
human history that killed millions of people, and its bloodshed is described by the UN Charter as a
scourge that "has brought untold sorrow to mankind". Jarrell had served in the military himself, thus
he knew – at least to some extent –

Ww2 Essay Outline
The evolution of American planes throughout World War II.
Topic:The evolution of American planes throughout World War II
Question:How did the development of new planes affect the course of world war II.
Thesis: Our evolution of plane designs and styles for the allies allowed better bombing and more
victorious missions.
December 7, 1941 a Japanese naval fleet neared an American naval base located in the Hawaiian
islands and launched an air attack which bombed Pearl Harbor. This began the involvement of the
United States of America in world war two. The U.S industries boomed and produced hundreds of
thousands of warplanes, "Enough to cover the skies with grey" one veteran said. Mcdonnell Douglas
was major in the plane transportation business and had already made the D.C– 1, 2, and 3. In those
times they were their modern day transport airliners. Once our involvement ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The B–17 bomber, also known as "The Flying Fortress" was armed to the teeth and allowed
American and allied troops to fly long range bombing missions and sometimes massive air raids that
launched a thousand bombers at a time. After the Americans realized they needed to produce more
military aircraft to compete with the vast german industries, they turned to Henry Ford and came up
with a mile long production line to mass produce planes. The idea was to produce planes like Henry
Ford's factories produced automobiles. Willowrun was the name of the finished Boeing mile long
production line. As the plant was finally finished, it began mass producing a new plane called the B–
24 Liberator. The Liberator could fly 1,000 miles further than the B–17 and fly at higher cruising
speeds. These bombers penetrated deep into the heart of nazi germany, but the deeper they got, the
more vulnerable they were. P–40's were soon not able to keep up with the bombers and escort them
all the way to their

Essay about The United States Air Force
The United States Air Force This paper deals with the contributions of the United States Air Force to
the eventual victory of the Allies in Europe during World War II. The Allied powers had no idea how
important a strong air force would be against the Axis powers during World War II. The fact that
Hitler moved east in 1941 and had planned to do so since 1940, had important implications for the
British war effort. Though still powerless to prevent German initiatives from being successful in
Greece and Crete, the British government was given a long period during which to prepare adequate
defenses in the mainland against the expected day when Hitler would turn west again. Although it
was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Throughout 1941 the aid continued to expand." (Overy 60) Allied Military aircraft became more
sophisticated in variety, effectiveness in war situations, and special maneuvering techniques
throughout the course of World War II which in turn produced a victory for the Allied Nations over
the Axis Powers. Towards the beginning of the war the United States did not have an air force
compared to that of Germany and Japan. Knowing this fact the president of the United States
ordered manufacturers of fighter planes and long range bombers to start coming up with new
designs for longer range and for planes that were easier to fix. Having planes that did not take that
much knowledge of that specific model plane helped the United States at airfields located in the
middle of nowhere that only had a few knowledgeable mechanics. The first of these more modern
and advanced planes is the Grumman G–40 (TBF Avenger). The Avenger proved its worth at sea
because it was built to be a maritime attack and patrol airplane. The idea that you could have a
portable airfield in the middle of the ocean or even behind enemy lines was an unimaginable risk
that was put into effect. It proved to be

Vocabulary Allied Victory In World War II
Vocabulary Allied Victory 1. Strategic Bombing was the bombing plans in the beginning of World
War II, the bombing of major enemy assets such as factories, railroads, and bases. However, this
method was replaced by a cruder bombing strategy after the German Luftwaffe bombed the city of
London unintentionally, by getting lost at night. A new strategy of bombing of decimating huge
cities and their citizens took the place of strategic bombing when the British bombed Berlin in
retaliation. Both air forces began to bomb heavily populated cities. Citizens in London could survive
from the deep underground of their metro stations. However, the German losses were significant; by
the end of the war, almost all German industrial cities were destroyed. ... Show more content on
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General Dwight Eisenhower was the commander of the landing in northern Africa and the supreme
commander of the Allied forces in Western Europe during World War II. Although nervous about the
weather conditions of the planned Operation Overlord, with great courage, he sent off his troops to
battle. His great speech before the battle and the responsible character displayed by a note in case of
failure moved the hearts of American citizens praying for victory; he already displayed strong,
charismatic leadership. He oversaw the great success of the Normandy invasion and the liberation of
Western Europe. On May 7, 1945, onwards, he commanded the US occupation zone in Germany,
accepting Germany's unconditional

The B 17
On July 28, 1935, the first porotype of the B–17 or also known as the B–299 took off from Boeing
Field in south Seattle on its first ever test flight (Boeing "B–17"). Seattle Times reporter Richard
Smith dubbed the new plane, with its many .30 caliber machine–guns, the "Flying Fortress," (qtd.in
Boeing). A name that Boeing quickly adopted and trademarked for the gigantic bomber (Boeing "B–
17"). The U.S. Army Air Corps designated the plane as the B–17. Boeing created the plane in
response to the Army's request for a large, multi–engine bomber. The B–17 financed entirely by
Boeing, went from the design board to flight tests in less than a year. In Boeings description of the
B–17 was a low–wing monoplane that combined aerodynamic features ... Show more content on
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Each version was more heavily armed. In the Pacific, the planes earned a deadly reputation with the
Japanese, who dubbed them "four–engine fighters."(Qtd.in. Boeing) (Boeing B–17). As defined
above in the beginning of the war the B–17 was wished and produced with high hopes that made a
name for itself for its fearsome look the B–17 had with massive size and guns that covered all sides
of the aircraft made the B–17 famous in both the allies eyes and the enemy's eyes as well.
The Boeing Company also writes The Fortresses were also legendary for their ability to stay in the
air after taking brutal poundings. "Gen. Carl Spaatz, the American air commander in Europe, said,
'Without the B–17 we may have lost the war'. " (Qtd.in. Boeing) (Boeing "B–17"). In B–17 Fortress
at War Freeman records a story of the Mary Alice. The Mary Alice was a famous B–17 that flew in
the European theatre. The Mary Alice is an example of a B–17 ability to take a beating and still be
able to fly back to base no matter how wounded. Freeman writes about the Mary Alice 66th mission
on a German synthetic oil refinery which is known to be the most dangerous of mission due to
heavy anti–air defenses set up by the Germans (101–102). Freeman writes on page 102 about the
heavy damage the Mary Alive sustained,
"Ploughing through intense flak barrage over Boljin when three shell burst

The Development of Rockets
1.3 Developing of rockets.
Russian scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was one of the very first people who put forward the idea
of using rockets for space missions, he was also the first person to design a rocket for interplanetary
exploration and he accomplished this in 1903. German scientist Hermann Oberth continued to
outline the principles of interplanetary flight in 1920, soon followed by an American scientist Robert
Goddard who began to develop a liquid rocket engine in 1923 and by 1925 had created a working
prototype. He set up the first liquid rocket, using gasoline and liquid oxygen as fuel in March of
1926. The works of Tsiolkovsky, Oberth and Goddard were then continued by rocketry enthusiast
groups in the United States, the Soviet Union and Germany (Aerospace, 1994)
In Germany, similar works were led by German Interplanetary Society (VFR), as part of the group,
Johannes Winkler implemented Europe's first successful liquid rocket launch in March of 1931 and
Wernher von Braun who began the development of rocket engines for the German army artillery
range in Kummersdorf in the winter of 1932. After the Nazis came to power in Germany they
allocated some funding for the development of missiles, and in the spring of 1936 the construction
rocket centre has been approved at Peenemunde, with von Braun appointed as technical director. He
developed the A–4 ballistic missile and in 1944 began its combat application called V– 2. Military
applications of V–2 demonstrated the

Edward Vernon Rickenbacker Biography
Edward Vernon Rickenbacker was a WWI captain and hero. He was born on October 8, 1890 in
Columbus, Ohio. He was the son of Swiss immigrants and had seven siblings. He smoked when he
was five and was the leader of a mischievous group of kids called " The Horsehead Gang". At age 8
he took the gang down a slide in a steel cart into a deep gravel pit the cart flipped over and his leg
got cut straight to the bone. He later quit school at age 12 when his father died in a construction
accident. After his father's death he went on to work in foundry, shoe factory, and monument works
where he carved and polished his father's gravestone.Eddie loved to work with engines, that's why in
1906 he went to work with Lee frayer the owner of Frayer–Miller Automobile ... Show more content
He was the oldest in the group but his still had to get over disliking of aerobatics. He shared credit
of scoring his first solo conquest with Captain James Norman Hall. Later the Captain was shot down
and taken prisoner,only later to report the death of Lieutenant Wilhelm Scheerer. Eddie's technique
was to sneak up on his enemy closer than dared before firing his guns. But sometimes when he did
that his guns were jammed but his luck held out when the cloth on his upper wing tore on May 17
and he made a successful landing. For that he was made an ace. During interviews One of Eddie
Rickenbacker's most well known happened in October of 1942. He was sent into the pacific theatre
to look over living conditions of the soldiers and operations as well as delivering personally a
message to General Douglas Macarthur. After viewing many air and sea bases in Hawaii
Rickenbacker was provided with an older model B–17 which nickname is the Flying Fortress as
transportation to the south pacific. The B–17 had eight crew members and while staying hundreds of
miles off while on it's way to Canton Island was forced to land the old B–17 in the Pacific

Boeing Ww2 Bombers Research Paper
Boeing WWII Bombers During WWII Boeing made two bombers, "B–17 Flying Fortress" and "B–
29 Flying Fortress." During WWII, when the nazi's started to take over countries around Germany,
the allies had an idea to use the B–17 bombers to bomb out the factories that were built throughout
Germany. By doing this the nazis became weaker, and it handed the allies a chance to start attacking
germany on all sides. After Hitler went down in defeat, Japan sent fighter–bombers over to Hawaii
and bombed them out. United States started to produce B–29s with researching the atomic bomb.
The B–29s didn't get produced that much but they did end the war. Near the end America finished
researching the atomic bomb, and they put it on a B–29, the bomber flown to Japan and drop the
atomic bomb which ended the war between Japan and USA. The B–17 and B–29 were great
bombers, but the specs in them is what really what made them famous. ... Show more content on
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This bomber was "Designed for US requirement, a 4 engine bomber capable for long distance
travel" (Writer). One the first flight of B–17 bomber, it started a non–stop flight from Seattle to
Wright Field in nine hours. After 40 flight–hours "The prototype crashed, because the elevator gust–
lock was still engaged" (Dwyer). The B–17 broke long–range records during its time, there are more
This made it a good bomber so they can send it across the atlantic ocean. The flying fortress has four
engines, that does 1,2000 horsepower each. The top speed is 282 knots (325 Mph), and can carry
about 11,5000 lb. Near the end of the war when Germany was weaken by B–17s. The Allies sent
these B–17 bombers in to bomb out the factories. Germany started to not produce that many units,
and researching has decreased because of it. Then this handed allies a chance to bring Hitler

Louie Zamperini: A Brief Biography
Louie Zamperini Louie Zamperini wasn't the brightest kid in his neighborhood, nor the smartest, but
he was the fastest. Bent on making it to the olympics, and there forth breaking the four minute mile;
there is nothing in the world that can stop him. Except World War 2. Enlisted as a bombardier, he
finds himself in the middle of the ocean. Hundreds of miles from land, he has to endure the
unbearable. His determination, persistence, and strive for life is the real runner inside of him that
never stopped until his death. Zamperini was born January 26, 1917. He had an older brother Pete,
who was instrumental in his running career and two younger sisters. The Zamperini family was a
Catholic household. In 1919 he and his family moved to Torrance, California. At the age of 5 Louie
began to smoke and at the age 8 he began to drink. He told the press how he would paint the liquor
bottles white, to look like milk. However this did not work on several occasions, where he was
caught by the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He refused the offer however and all the strings attached with it, food, a bed, and other things. He
was brought back to camp. After the War was over he was taken back home and received a hero's
welcome. Zamperini married Cynthia Apple White and had a daughter and son. He began having
dreams of choking the guards and being tortured. He began to drink. This was a downward spiral,
until Zamperini found the power of Christ. Zamperini became a Christian evangelist. One of his
recurring themes fas forgiveness, he's even went as far as to go back to Japan and forgive his prison
guards. Four days before his 81st birthday in 1998, Louie ran with the torch for the first leg in the
Winter Olympics. Zamperini death came on July 2, 2014, from pneumonia. He was a great man and
received many honors for his courage and sacrifice. Despite utter horror he was able to forgive and
move

The Invention Of Airplanes : The United States Of America...
For many people, it is hard to think of the current world without airplanes. This simple fact is what
makes them so important to talk about in society. They might be overlooked sometimes, but they
have added a lot to history and should not be taken for granted for what they achieve. To focus on a
few countries, the United States of America and Great Britain, the invention of airplanes had some
of its largest impact on them. Whether that be in terms of travel or warfare, these countries benefited
more than the average. Planes made a whole new empire and became a necessity for everyday
people, while also creating more jobs through the business of creating airlines. Something very
robust for the time was how planes introduced a profession ... Show more content on
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Today there are several different airlines to travel on, but it was not always this way. Twenty–four
years after the first flight, a popular airline that many people traveled with was Pan American World
Airways. It was also commonly known as Pan Am. This airline created jobs for Americans and
better yet, women were being employed by Pan Am as flight attendants; back then referred to as
stewardesses. Eventually, Pan Am made it possible for everyday people to get aboard a plane and
travel, whether that be nationally or internationally. With people being able to get places faster the
world began to grow closer and globalize. It made doing overseas business more profitable and long
distance travel a luxury rather than a burden. Companies like Pan Am wanted to make their flights
as comfortable as possible and make their passengers feel at home. When passengers feel at home
and their experience is positive, they are more likely to come back. Then when passengers come
back, they might be flying to a new location and be bringing the world closer. A key benefit of the
invention of planes is the fact that you do not need to climb aboard a ship to cross oceans anymore.
Instantly, crossing the ocean in a boat became more dangerous than crossing it in the air, and
traveling by sea became a much longer journey than by air. When the new world was being
explored, it was being explored by ship and by foot, but now that was changed. This process

Weapons In The Odyssey
The way that weapons were depicted in the book is that they were a destructive force to be reckoned
with. They were portrayed as something bad people, aka the Japs, Nazis, and Italians, used.
Airplanes, on the other hand, were given a good rep at the beginning of the book when they went
out and did destructive damage for the Allies. But when they were used to shoot at the Allies, they
were thought to be the weapons of Satan himself. Resolving at the end of the book though, they
were finally thought of life–savers when they went to rescue Louie, Allan, etc. Weapons, on the
other hand, were always depicted as gruesome killing objects, and that they were, are, and will be,
but the way they were shown they were only used by the Axis. I'm not saying or even suggesting
that what the Nazis did was morally correct, acceptable, or even somehow conceivably right. I'm
only saying that the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This series included the B–17C through the B–17H. The differences between the different types
were enough so that the crews from a B–17E couldn't be transferred to B–17G. That is not to say
they didn't rotate certain positions in times of need. The C was upgraded into the D before Pearl
Harbor. So get that in your mind. We were already mass producing planes to send into a war which
we had not officially joined. The Boeing B–17 was this plane. We had only constructed 42 D's
before Pearl Harbor. The F was the first major change in the line of Flying Fortresses. With over 400
modifications on the interior and only a change in the style of bubble top in the cockpit, the Japs and
Nazis received a nasty surprise when they were trying to chase these down. With all of these interior
changes and only a minor tint change on the outside, you think you're chasing a B–17E and you end
up getting shot down by the B–17F. The G had quite a few changes, but most were to the artillery
measures and not to the weight or

Essay
In today's day in age many can not comprehend what happened during the war for the soldier
overseas, as well as the civilian back home. For those that were home they did not know much about
what was happening overseas. Families that did not have a man in the household that was of age (to
be drafted) were not nearly as worried as the family that had a son/ or brother that was, but similar
to the catastrophic event that took place on September 11th, 2001 every American felt what had
happened on December 7th 1941 in Hawaii (Schwalbach). This lead to many men going out to war,
but what was war like? War was hell. For those who had to fight in battle they had to do the
impossible task of taking another life. In the example of an interview of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The war was started due to the attack of Poland by German forces. After this Axis forces as well
Ally forces started to fight to protect their ties and America tried to avoid joining the war, but as
Theodore Roosevelt thought the war was inevitable. Once the attack on Pearl Harbor had taken
place, as well as, America's ally Britain was in desperate need of assistance Theodore created the
slogan "The Great Arsenal of Democracy" meaning it was out time to join our allies in the fight
against the Axis forces(Robinson). America was not the only Western Hemisphere country to join
the war, Mexico and Brazil joined. At first they sent supplies and other support, but eventually they
sent some of their men to fight with America and put all differences aside(Robertson). Some ask if
this war could have been prevented and it was with the several warning signs that were displayed.
Before World War II ever began, there was World War I. Following World War I the Treaty of
Versailles was written which accredited Germany for the cause of the war. Due to the fact Germany
was blamed they were forced to pay the enormous war debt that destroyed their economy, but with
time came Adolf Hitler who in the eyes of the people had all the answers. As the people of Germany
started to trust him he started to slowly violate the treaty that was signed at the conclusion of the
previous war. He started to form an army and spread influence in territory he was directly instructed
not to (US History In

Boeing 707
In 2004, Boeing was one of the United States' largest manufacturers, with nearly 160,000 employees
and a net income of$I.87 billion. It was the world's largest acrospace company, and, for decades, had
dominated the world's commercial
Copyright © 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard
College. Harvard Business School Case 807–011.
Professors Lynda M. Applegate and Joseph S. Valacich
(Washington State University) and Research Associates
Mara E. Vatz and Christoph Schneider prepared this case as the basis for class discussion rather than
to illustrate effective or ineffective management.
Reprinted by permission of Harvard Business School.
1 Author interview, May 24, 2005. on embedded IT for flight controls and operations, it
was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Company Background
In 1916, William Boeing founded an aircraft manufacturing company in the Puget Sound region of
Washington State. Boeing, who had made his fortune in the timber industry of the
Northeast, had moved to the West Coast in
1903–the same year the Wright Brothers made their famous first flight–and became fascinated with
flying after he attended the 1910 Air Meet in Los Angeles. Soon after, he began building plancs as a
hobby with Navy engineer Conrad
Westervelt. Their first plane, the B&W, named for their initials, was a 27.5–foot seaplane that had a
top speed of 75 mph. Westervelt was relocated to the East Coast before the plane was completed, but
Boeing stayed in Washington, launching the Pacific Aero Products Company
(which he renamed, one year later, "the Boeing
Airplane Company"). His first customer was the government of New Zealand, which used the
B&W for airmail and pilot training. Boeing's new company really took flight, however, when the
Navy ordered 53 training sea planes as the United
States prepared to enter World War 1.3
Between World War I and World War fl, Boeing grew to be one of the largest aircraft manufacturers
in the United States by supplying the military with training and fighting planes, pioneering airmail
planes and routes,

Alexander Graham Bell History
In 1877 AT&T was created by Alexander Graham Bell after he created the world's first telephone.
There were a bunch of new weapons created in WW1 and WW2, like the gatling gun,
flamethrowers, and In 1945 the first atomic bomb was created and ready for testing, with the help of
Albert Einstein. Steve Jobs created the first touchscreen smartphone. There was a lot that I did not
know about engineers that I know about now. In 1859, young Alexander Graham Bell was working
in a mill with his friend Ben Herdman and his father, when he was trying to invent something that
would help them get work done faster. Bell had eventually created a homemade device that used
wooden paddles and nail brushes to help him to dehusk things around the mill. Mr.Herdman gave
both boys a small workshop in the mill so they could invent things to help them get more work
done. This sparked an interest for inventing things in young Bell's mind. Later on in life he began to
experiment with sound. As early as 1863 was when Bell started to do experiments with sound. In
effort to try to understand sound more, he actually moved the lips and manipulated the vocal cords
of the family dog to get it to produce a crude sounding "How ... Show more content on
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Franklin invented bifocals because he had the problem of having to constantly take his glasses on
and off to read and see things far away and up close. He invented the stove as a new and innovative
way to provide heat to a house, and he created the Glass Armonica because of his love for music.
His Glass Armonica was actually used by Mozart because of how mesmerizing it sounded. In 1752
Ben preformed the kite experiment, without actually mentioning that he himself had done it. From
the results he gathered from this experiment, he was able to make a lightning rod and eventually a
capacitor for the electricity to be stored

Essay On The Assassination Of Roland Garros
On April 1, 1915 French pilot Roland Garros took to the skies in an aircraft that was fitted with a
fully automatic machine gun that shot through the single propeller of the plane. This was
accomplished by protecting the lower section of the propeller blades with steel armor plates that
deflected any bullets that might strike the spinning blades, and insuring that the propeller would not
be damaged by the firing machine gun. Unfortunately two weeks later, Garros was shot down
behind enemy lines and his secret aircraft was revealed to the Germans. Once word got around
about Garros and his armed aircraft, countries all over the world began to design similar planes
designed for air combat. Dutch aircraft manufacturer Anthony Fokker, whose factory was nearby,
immediately went to inspect the rummage from Garros' destroyed plane. The Germans ordered
Fokker to return to his factory, where he would reproduce the French machinegun and give a
demonstration it to them within 48 hours. Fokker looked for a way to refine the crude French
design, and he designed a machinegun whose rate of fire was controlled by the turning of the
propeller. This synchronization assured that the bullets would pass ... Show more content on
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Hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked the American navy. The barrage lasted just two hours,
but it was devastating. The Japanese managed to destroy nearly 20 American naval vessels,
including eight battleships, and more than 300 airplanes. More than 2,000 Americans soldiers and
sailors died in the attack, and another 1,000 were wounded. The day after the assault, President
Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan with his famous speech where he

Advancements Of Technology : Evolving Weaponry
Sean Fain
Mrs. Ford
English 6
2/15/15
How Advancements in Technology is Evolving Weaponry Did you ever think that a computer code
could be a weapon of mass destruction? Now, with the technology that exists throughout the world
today, that idea doesn't seem so impossible anymore. Ever since humans have been living on this
world, they have been constantly advancing their knowledge and technology, especially weaponry.
Ever since the development of the first weapons, people have been constantly trying to come up
with and make newer and better weaponry. Weapons have evolved from sticks to swords to guns to
bombs to missiles, but what is next in line for teh newest and greatest weapons? With the new
advancements in technology that exist today, those weapons are going to be something that wasn't
even thought to be possible until recently. The advancements in technology will continue to evolve
weaponry from bullets, bombs, and missiles to include more technology and cyber warfare. Ever
since humans started fighting wars against each other, they have been trying to advance their
weapon technology so that they could dominate over everyone else. For centuries people have been
constantly advancing their technology and coming up with more efficient weapons to use. From the
Civil War, and even way before that, people have been inventing newer and more efficient weapons.
In the Civil War, there were many new weapons that people used that had never been used before.
During the Civil

Paul Tibbets Biography
On Febuary 23, 1915 Enola Gay and Paul Warfield Tibbets Sr. welcomed their baby boy, Paul
Tibbets. Little did they know that he would do great things.
Paul Tibbets Jr. was born in Quincy, IL. Shortly there after his parents moved to Cedar Rapids, Iowa
to raise him. When Paul was 12, his family packed up and moved to Florida where his future would
be decided. When they first moved to Florida the barnstorming pilot who was promoting Baby Ruth
candy bars gave Paul a ride. This changed his mind and he no longer had as strong of an interest to
be a doctor. After this Paul wanted him to fly,however, his parents wanted him to be a doctor. Paul
started taking flying lessons at the University of Florida, but his parents convinced him to transfer to
the University of Cincinnati to pursue studies in medicine after only a year. Even though he was
unhappy he transferred. However, Paul was still left with a passion to fly.
In 1937, at the age of 22, Paul enlisted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The top secret mission of the group was to drop the atomic bomb. Paul was in command of 15 B–
29's and 1800 men while he was there. While he was still in command the troop went to Wendover
Army Air Field in Utah for training. In March of 1945 the 509th group moved overseas to Tinian
Island in the Marianas Chain.
"President Harry Truman gave permission to drop the atomic bomb on Japan August 5,1945." as
stated by biography.com. At 2:45 pm on August 6th the Enola Gay, named after Paul's mom, and its
12 man crew were lifting off North Field en route to Hiroshima. At 8:15 am on August 7, local time,
the world's first atomic bomb used in war exploded. The blast killed 80,000 people and wounded
nearly as many as it obliterated the entire city in seconds. The course of history and warfare was
changed forever.
At 2:58 pm Enola Gay and her crew landed at Tinain. They were greted by General Carl

Essay about Bombers of World War II
It all started on December 7th, 1941. America had entered their Second World War following the
Pearl Harbor attacks. America started its Pacific Campaign against the Imperial Japanese Army.
After three years, America joined with fellow allied nations and invaded Nazi– Occupied France
codename Operation Overlord. This was the biggest amphibious invasion ever recorded. From Pearl
Harbor to the fall of Berlin in the spring of 1945, the American bomber plane helped defeat the Nazi
regime, end the war in the Pacific, and revolutionize modern warfare. Bombers have been around
since the start of the 20th century during World War I. However, strategic bombings became more
popular and used form World War II on. The bomber plane had evolved since ... Show more content
(Hans Werner Lerche) Also, the B–24 was produced with the B–17, and being produced a lot more
than the B–17, the share similar traits. Though these planes were effective, nothing could match the
B–29. Being the real first heavy bomber, the B–29 would start production six years after the B–17
won the USAAC competition. The head of Boeing Aircraft Co. on January 29, 1940, received a
letter titled "U.S. Army, Airplane, Bombardment, Specification For". (The Boeing B–29) This would
start production of the B–29. After thousands of hours of work, the plane took it maiden flight on
September 21, 1942. The plane could carry a whopping 70 tons of cargo, the same amount of weight
the Enola Gay carried on its way to Japan. It could fly at 400 miles per hour, almost 200 more miles
per hour than its predecessor. The plane could also fly 4 thousand miles. (The Boeing B–29) The
most famous B–29, the Enola Gay, dropped the bombs on Japan and forced them to raise the white
flag and win the war against the Japanese. The plane was flown by Paul Tibblets and Robert Lewis.
These planes helped win the war against the Axis powers and capture Berlin. The first way the
bombers helped impact America is by defeating the Nazi regime in World War II. The bombing
missions carried out in the European Theater where most done by the B–17 and B–24 bomber
planes. The B–29 saw more action in the Pacific. He main missions was to clear Nazi fortifications
and

Aircraft: Role Of Aircraft During WWII
This presentation is about aircraft not just any aircraft but the aircraft during WWII what role did
they play? Well they played a very huge role. What do you mean by that? Well I mean that without
them the battle would be undetermined. Aircraft delivered weaponry so they would be more armed.
They were able to also drop bombs and attack from above. But in this presentation we will be
focusing in on one specific plane this plane is called the p–40 war hawk. The p–40 war hawk was a
phenomenal plane during WWII. See this planes specifications.
Power plant: Allison V–1710–39
Rating at altitude: 1,150 hp at 11,800 feet
RPMs: 3,000
Propeller: Three–bladed, constant speed
Gross weight: 8,280 pounds
Empty weight: 6,350 pounds
Length: 31 feet 2 inches ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Germans, English, and Americans began to experiment with jet–powered aircraft, with the
Germans and British actually flying some combat missions in them. These new aircraft achieved
very high speeds using the jet engine, a new type of engine that had no propellers. The Germans,
and, to a lesser extent, the Americans even developed pilotless, guided missiles during the war, such
as Germany's V1 and V2 weapons. However, the bulk of aerial combat was conducted using
propeller–driven, human–piloted fighters and bombers.
From the book ghosts I quote "We need to deliver these weapons or we'll be unarmed."
Over the course of the war, many important battles took place on land and at sea, but it is significant
that many of the closing events of the war also depended on aircraft. Once the Allies began retaking
territory in Europe, heavy bombers began to attack within Germany. By destroying much of its
ability to produce fuel and munitions, bombers turned the tide on the German war effort.
Finally, the large bombers developed late in the war, such as the B–29 were huge craft capable of
delivering atomic bombs nearly anywhere in the world. The U.S used a B–29 called the Enola Gay
in its final airborne attack–dropping the atomic bomb on Japan. By the end of the war in 1945,
fighters and bombers had been transformed into highly effective weapons systems. Today's fighters
and bombers use jet engines and remain central to military forces around

Eight Bomber Command Essay

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Eight Bomber Command Essay