The document contains descriptions and diagrams of the structure and organization of the nervous systems of various organisms including humans. It covers the main components of the brain and spinal cord such as the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla. It also discusses the different types of neurons, their organization into sensory and motor systems, and the roles of different brain regions in functions like vision, hearing, speech, and movement. Various diagrams map the gross and microscopic anatomy of nervous tissues and depict the pathways of sensory and motor signals.

1. Opening image

2. Figure 40-1 Page 763 Nerve net

3. Figure 40-2 Page 764 Cerebral ganglia Nerve cord

4. Figure 40-3 Page 764 Pharynx Hearts Dorsal blood vessel Crop Intestine Brain Ventral nerve cord Ventral blood vessel Brain Heart Intestine Ventral nerve cord

5. Table 40-1 Page 765

6. Figure 40-4 Page 765 Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain Telencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon

7. Figure 40-5a,b Page 766 Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract Olfactory lobe Epiphysis Corpus striatum Optic lobe Cerebellum Medulla Shark Codfish

8. Figure 40-5c,d Page 766 Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract Epiphysis Cerebrum Diencephalon Optic lobe Cerebellum Medulla Amphibian (frog) Reptile (alligator)

9. Figure 40-5e,f Page 766 Bird (goose) Mammal (horse) Olfactory bulb Sulcus Cerebrum Epiphysis Optic lobe Cerebellum Medulla

10. Table 40-2 Page 767

11. Figure 40-6a Page 768 Dural sinus (superior sagittal sinus) Skin of scalp Skull Dura mater Arachnoid Subarachnoid space Pia mater Cortex of brain

12. Figure 40-6b Page 768 Cerebral aqueduct Fourth ventricle Dura mater Choroid plexus Skin Skull Subarachnoid space Pia mater Choroid plexus Third ventricle

13. Figure 40-7 Page 769 Dorsal fissure Central canal Gray matter White matter Ventral root of spinal nerve 2.5 mm

14. Figure 40-8 Page 769 Receptor Sensory neuron Nerve cell body of sensory neuron Synapse between sensory and interneuron Interneuron Nerve cell body of motor neuron Muscle 1 2 3 4 5

15. Table 40-3(1) Page 770

16. Table 40-3(2) Page 770 (continued)

17. Figure 40-9 Page 771 Frontal lobe Central sulcus Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Cerebellum Prefrontal area Temporal lobe Brain stem Medulla Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain stem

18. Figure 40-10 Page 771 Corpus callosum Pineal gland Midbrain Cerebellum Pons Medulla Cerebrum Spinal cord Thalamus Hypothalamus Diencephalon Optic chiasm Pituitary gland Cerebrum Corpus callosum Cerebellum Medulla Pons

19. Figure 40-11a Page 772 Frontal lobe Premotor area Primary motor area Central sulcus General sensory area Visual association area Auditory area Auditory association area Primary visual area Broca’s speech area

20. Figure 40-11b Page 772

21. Figure 40-12 Page 773 Alpha Beta Theta Delta 1 sec 50 µv

22. Figure 40-13 Page 778 Gray matter White matter Dorsal root Spinal ganglion Dorsal branch Spinal nerve Ventral branch Ventral root Autonomic branch

23. Figure 40-14 Page 778 Paravertebral ganglion Speeds Celiac ganglion (part of the solar plexus) Relaxes Vagus nerve (parasympathetic) Heart Slows Excites Stomach

24. Figure 40-15 Page 779

25. Table 40-4(1) Page 780

26. Table 40-4(2) Page 780

27. Table 40-4(3) Page 780

28. Table 40-4(4) Page 780