Solar Plant Internship Report

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLAGE - BHUJ
PRESENTED BY:
MAHESH J KADIYA
INDUSTRIAL MENTOR:
MR. J. M. DOBARIYA
DIRECTOR
INSTITUTE MENTOR:
PROF. K. A. SONAGARA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
E.E.D., GEC-BHUJ
PRESENTATION
on
An industrial internship
At
Avirat Energy Pvt.Ltd.

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Index
 Introduction
 About solar plant system
 Structure Fitting
 Earthing System
 Inverter
 Solar Panels
 Cabling System
 Distribution Box
 Meters
 Lighting Protection
 Merits and Demerits
 Future Scope

SR DURATION
1 Structure Fitting 11/01/2022 to
25/01/2022
2 Earthing System 27/01/2022 to
4/02/2022
3 Inverters 7/02/2022 to
14/02/2022
4 Solar Panels 15/02/2022 to
05/03/2022
5 Cabling System 7/03/2022 to
16/03/2022
6 Distribution Box And
Metres
17/03/2022 to
24/03/2022
7 Lighting Protection 25/03/2022 to
02/04/2022

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INTRODUCTION
 COMPANY PROFILE
Avirat Energy Private Limited is an unlisted private company incorporated
on 26 February, 2020. It is classified as a private limited company and is
located in Junagadh, Gujarat.
Company has complete More than 34+ MW Solar Farm and Residential
Solar Project installation.
Service information
 solar power plant installation & commissioning
 solar power plant maintenance
 solar water pump installation & service

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About Solar Plant System:
• The solar power plant is also known as the Photovoltaic (PV)
power plant.
• It is a large-scale PV plant designed to produce bulk electrical
power from solar radiation.
• The solar power plant uses solar energy to produce electrical
power. Therefore, it is a conventional power plant.

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 Mounting structure
Solar panels are installed either
on rooftops, on ground, or as an
individual pole mounted array.
Installing a solar panel in any of
the above places requires proper
mounting support. Mounting
support not only helps in
attaching the solar panel but also
helps in positioning the panel at
an angle that will provide
maximum exposure to the solar
radiation.
STRUCTURE FITTING

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Mounting support is of two types:
Fixed Mounts:
Fixed mounts are stationary and less expensive. This type of mounts
cannot move with the change in angle of the sun; hence they are less
efficient.
Track Mounts:
These mounts are flexible and rotate as per angle of the sun. The
direction of the sun changes throughout the day and track mounts can
follow solar radiation producing the optimum result. They are costly
but more efficient as compared to a fixed mount system. Track mounts
require more maintenance and are suitable for larger ground mount
plants.

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 EARTHING
Earthing is the method of discharging electrical energy into the earth
with the help of a earthing rod or strip for safety and functional
purposes.

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EARTHING LAYOUTS

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 INVERTER
Solar Inverter is known
as the heart of the solar
energy system. It helps
in converting the
produced DC (Direct
current) output from the
solar panel into AC
current)
(Alternating
supply.

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• Types
1) Off Grid & On Grid Inverter
off grid inverters work independently and have no contact with the
power grid system. On grid inverters are connected to the power
grid system and are the most common type of inverters used in
residential applications.

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2) String Inverter
String inverters are in high demand due to their feasible cost and
durable technology. In these multiple strings are connected to build a
single string inverter.

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3) Micro Inverter
As the name indicates this type of inverter is mostly used where space
is the factor over cost (they are more costly than string type inverter), or
in case of uneven shading in small solar installations.

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4) Central Inverter
Central inverter is similar to string inverter with a high-capacity range,
needing only 1 large inverter for the entire plant / section of plant. They
are mostly used for large utility-scale applications.

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5) Hybrid Inverter
Hybrid inverters are the combination of off-grid and on-grid systems.
They offer a lot of flexibility for power delivery by choosing between
solar power, battery backup and grid connectivity.

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 Solar panels are the most important part of the solar energy
system.
 it converts solar energy into electric energy.
 A solar panel consists of a series of solar cells (typically made up
of silicon material).
 The solar radiation incident on these cells is converted into DC
electricity by photovoltaic effect.
 The output power of the solar panel is given in Watts.
 Generally, with proper maintenance solar panels have a lifespan of
25 to 30 years follows
 Solar Panels

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• Constructions
Photovoltaic modules use
from
light
the
energy photons
Sun to generate
electricity
photovoltaic
through
effect.
the
Most
modules use wafer-based
crystalline silicon cells or
thin-film cells. The structural
load carrying member of a
module can be either the top
layer or the back layer.

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1) PV Array Layout

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 CABLING SYSTEM
1) AC Cable
These cables are used for
connecting solar power inverters
protection components,
deliver AC power from
to the grid through other
and
the
inverter to the grid / load.
2) DC Cable
These cables connect the
panels to each other and to the
inverter, and deliver the DC
power generated by solar
panels to the inverter.

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2) Cable Trench

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 The ACDB receives AC power from solar
inverter and directs it to AC loads / LT
Panel.
 ACDB is an important part of SPV
system as it provides extra protection to
the system in case of failures on load
side.
1) ACDB
 Distribution box is the component of the
electricity supply system.
 It is commonly of two types.
 DISTRIBUTION BOX

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2) DCDB
 The DC distribution unit is used to
collect the DC output from Array
Junction Box (AJB) and supply it to the
inverter.
 DC Distribution Box provides flexibility
for the operator of the solar power plant
to disconnect and connect both inward
solar supply and battery terminals.

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 METERS
1) PV Meter
A PV meter is used to measure how much electricity your solar
system generated. This is a one-directional meter, as you won’t be
transferring power to your solar system.
2) Consumption Meter
It is connected on the load side to note the energy consumed by
different load. The consumption meter will tell you exactly how
much electricity you’ve used, including electricity used directly
from your solar system and electricity pulled from the utility
company.
3) Utility Meter
It is connected between the grid and solar distribution panel. They
are bidirectional meters. That helps in monitoring the supplied and
consumed power to and from the grid.

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 LIGHTNING PROTECTION
A lightning arrester is a device used on solar power systems to protect the
insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of
lightning. The typical lightning arrester has a high-voltage terminal and a
ground terminal.

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3) Lightning Protection

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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
• Pollution-free, no
greenhouse gases
• Save fossil fuels
• Less maintenance
• Installed anywhere
•Use batteries for
power saving
 Advantages  Disadvantages
• Run on DC power are
expensive
•High initial costs
• Needs lots of space
•No solar power at
night
days do not
as much
•Cloudy
produce
energy

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FUTURE SCOPES
 Easy Accessibility
 Lower Costs
 Digitalization
 Artificial Intelligence (Ai)
 Floating Solar Photovoltaic Plants
 Building Integrated Photovoltaic Solar Technology

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