Style analysis for_dwellings_in_Palestine

1. ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬(
‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺩ‬.‫ﻤﺭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻤﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬.
2008

3. ‫ج‬
‫اإل‬‫ھداء‬
،‫وأبي‬ ‫أمي‬ ‫أعمارھم‬ ‫لي‬ ‫ووھبوا‬ ‫للحياة‬ ‫أھدوني‬ ‫من‬ ‫إلى‬
‫عمرھما‬ ‫بثمرة‬ ‫فخرا‬ ‫لقلبيھما‬ ‫السرور‬ ‫ادخل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أمال‬.
‫الغالية‬ ‫زوجتي‬ ‫وملھمتي‬ ‫دربي‬ ‫ورفيقة‬ ‫عمري‬ ‫شريكة‬ ‫إلى‬.
‫العزيزة‬ ‫ابنتي‬ ‫عيني‬ ‫قرة‬ ،‫والجمال‬ ‫بالبھجة‬ ‫حياتي‬ ‫كلل‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫التاج‬ ‫إلى‬
‫تاج‬.
‫وأصدقاءه‬ ‫العمر‬ ‫رفقاء‬ ‫وأخواتي‬ ‫إخواني‬ ‫إلى‬.
‫ونيس‬ ‫وخير‬ ‫الصاحب‬ ‫نعم‬ ‫كانوا‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫عمري‬ ‫ومؤنسي‬ ‫أصدقائي‬ ‫إلى‬.
‫درب‬ ‫على‬ ‫منارات‬ ‫العريقة‬ ‫جامعتي‬ ‫في‬ ‫العطاء‬ ‫شموع‬ ‫أساتذتي‬ ‫إلى‬
‫الخلود‬.
‫تطويرھا‬ ‫على‬ ‫والحريصين‬ ‫الفلسطينية‬ ‫بالعمارة‬ ‫المھتمين‬ ‫كل‬ ‫إلى‬
‫مشرق‬ ‫مستقبل‬ ‫نحو‬ ‫الساعين‬ ،‫وتنميتھا‬‫فينا‬ ‫يعيش‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫للوطن‬.
‫والتقدير‬ ‫االحترام‬ ‫مع‬
‫احمد‬ ‫طارق‬
‫والتقدير‬ ‫الشكر‬
*‫ﻭﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬.

4. ‫د‬
*‫ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜ‬ ‫ﺃﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺘﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻜل‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺨﺭﺍﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬.‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬.‫ﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬.‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺘﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻭﻗﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻁﺎﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬.

5. ‫ه‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎ‬:
‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬(
‫ﺘﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺸﺘﻤﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻴل‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻜﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬.
Declaration
The work provided in this thesis, unless otherwise referenced, is the
researcher's own work, and has not been submitted elsewhere for any other
degree or qualification.
‫الطا‬ ‫اسم‬‫لب‬::Student's name
‫التوقيع‬::Signature
‫التاريخ‬::Date

6. ‫و‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻫﺩﺍﺀ‬‫ﺝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬‫ﻫـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺭﺱ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺭﺱ‬‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺭﺱ‬‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬1
1-1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬3
2-1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬5
3-1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﻤﺒﺭﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬6
4-1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬7
5-1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ‬8
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬:‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬10
1-2‫ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ‬12
2-2‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬13
3-2‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬(15
4-2‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬17
1-4-2‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬17
2-4-2‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬18
3-4-2‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬19
4-4-2‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ‬(20
5-4-2‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬23
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬25
1-3‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ‬27
2-3‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬30

7. ‫ز‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
3-3‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬30
1-3-3‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬31
2-3-3‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻕ‬32
3-3-3‫ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺀ‬33
4-3-3‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬35
4-3‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬39
5-3‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬‫ﺔ‬47
1-5-3‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬47
2-5-3‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬50
6-3‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬53
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬:‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎ‬‫ﻨﻴﺔ‬
54
1-4‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺱ‬57
2-4‫ﺤﻤﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻑ‬57
1-2-4‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬57
2-2-4‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬58
3-2-4‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬58
3-4‫ﺩﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬59
4-4‫ﻓﻴﺸﺱ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬60
1-4-4‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬60
2-4-4‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬61
3-4-4‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻴﻭﺍﻥ،ﻨﻤﻁ‬ ‫ﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬62
5-4‫ﻜﻨﻌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬62
1-5-4‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬62
2-5-4‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬63
6-4‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬63
7-4‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬63
1-7-4‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬63

8. ‫ح‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
2-7-4‫ﺍﻻﺤﻭﺍﺵ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬65
1-2-7-4‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺵ‬69
2-2-7-4‫ﺍﻻﺤﻭﺍﺵ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬70
3-7-4‫ﺍﻻﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬70
4-7-4‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻭﺭ‬(73
1-4-7-4‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬74
2-4-7-4‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬74
5-7-4‫ﺍﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺔ‬75
6-7-4‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻜﻥ‬76
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻜﻥ‬
77
1-5‫ﺍﻻﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬79
1-1-5‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬80
2-1-5‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬82
2-5‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬88
3-5‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬104
1-3-5‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬105
2-3-5‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬107
3-3-5‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺭﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬108
4-3-5‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬108
5-3-5‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬109
4-5‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬109
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬:)‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬(‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬
110
1-6‫ﻟﻠﻘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬112
2-6‫ﻟﻠﻘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬112
3-6‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬115
4-6‫ﻟﻠﻘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺀﻤﺔ‬116

9. ‫ط‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
1-4-6‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻥ‬116
2-4-6‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬117
3-4-6‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬119
5-6‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺀﻤﺔ‬119
6-6‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬120
7-6‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﻤﺎﻁ‬120
8-6‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬125
1-8-6‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬125
2-8-6‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬127
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬‫ﺕ‬129
1-7‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬131
2-7‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬114131
‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬134
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻕ‬137
Abstractb

10. ‫ي‬
‫ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺸﻜل‬)2-1(‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺱ‬16
‫ﺸﻜل‬)3-1(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬,‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬.31
‫ﺸﻜل‬)3-2(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﻁﺎﺒﻘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ل‬.32
‫ﺸﻜل‬)3-3(‫ﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻐﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬.33
‫ﺸﻜل‬)3-4(‫ﻁﺎﺒﻘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬33
‫ﺸﻜل‬)3-5(‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻤﺎﻁ‬34
‫ﺸﻜل‬)3-6(‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻴﺎﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬35
‫ﺸﻜل‬)3-7(‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬37
‫ﺸﻜل‬)3-8(‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬37
‫ﺸﻜل‬)3-9(‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬,‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬38
‫ﺸﻜل‬)3-10(‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺴﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‬42
‫ﺸﻜل‬)3-11(‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺸﺘﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ‬42
‫ﺸﻜل‬)3-12(‫ﺍﻹﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬43
‫ﺸﻜل‬)3-13(‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﻜﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬45
‫ﺸﻜ‬‫ل‬)3-14(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﻓﺎ‬(,‫ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬46
‫ﺸﻜل‬)3-15(‫ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬47
‫ﺸﻜل‬)4-1(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺎﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻜﺯ‬
60
‫ﺸﻜل‬)4-2(‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻼﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﻁﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻘﻴﻔﻪ‬
60
‫ﺸﻜل‬)4-3(‫ﻗﺒﺎﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻜﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﺃل‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺵ‬61
‫ﺸﻜل‬)4-4(‫ﺍﻻﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺫ‬ ،‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺭﻑ‬.
62
‫ﺸﻜل‬)4-5(،‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴـﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺠﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺎﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺒﻲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻤﺎ‬
64
‫ﺸﻜل‬)4-6(‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺁل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬66
‫ﺸﻜل‬)4-7(‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﺩﻫﺎﻟﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻼﺤﻅ‬ ،‫ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬
67

11. ‫ك‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬‫ﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺸﻜل‬)4-8(‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺁل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬68
‫ﺸﻜل‬)4-9(‫ﺃﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﺎﻟﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻼﺤﻅ‬ ،‫ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ‬‫ل‬‫ﻟﻸﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬
68
‫ﺸﻜل‬)4-10(‫ﺤﻴﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬73
‫ﺸﻜل‬)4-11(‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬75
‫ﺸﻜل‬)4-12(‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺀ‬75
‫ﺸﻜل‬)4-13(‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬)‫ﺤﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺒﻠﺴﻲ‬(76
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-1(‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬80
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-2(‫ﻁﻭﻗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻤﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺯﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬81
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-3(‫ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ‬83
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-4(‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬83
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-5(‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺒﻠﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﺍﻓﺫ‬84
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-6(‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺯل‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺭﺓ‬85
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-7(‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻁﺎﺕ‬87
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-8(‫ﺒﺒﺭﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻘﻑ‬87
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-9(‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﻭﺍﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬88
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-10(‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻤﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬89
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-11(‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺱ‬89
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-12(‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻨﻭﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬91
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-13(‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺍﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺸﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬
‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬
91
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-14(‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺒﻠﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬92
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-15(‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺯﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬93
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-16(‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻨﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬94
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-17(‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ‬‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬95
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-18(‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ‬95
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-19(‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬96
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-20(‫ﻁﻭﻗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬97
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-21(‫ﻁﻭﻗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﺴل‬97

12. ‫ل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-22(‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﺴل‬97
‫ﺸﻜ‬‫ل‬)5-23(‫ﻋﺎﺸﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺝ‬98
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-24(‫ﻁﻭﻗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺝ‬99
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-25(‫ﻭﻁﻭﻗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺝ‬99
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-26(‫ﺒﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺴﻤﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻜﺘﺎﻑ‬99
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-27(‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻼﻁ‬100
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-28(‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻼﻁ‬100
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-29(‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﺍﻓﻴﺭ‬100
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-30(‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﺭ‬100
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-31(‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻭ‬103
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-32(‫ﻁﻭﻗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻭ‬103
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-33(‫ﻁﻭﻗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻭ‬104
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-34(‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬104
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-35(‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺭﺓ‬105
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-36(‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻘﻑ‬105
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-37(‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻭﻥ‬106
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-38(‫ﻁﻭﻗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻭﻥ‬106
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-39(‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺎﺕ‬107
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-40(‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬107
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-41(‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺭﻨﺼﺎﺕ‬108
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-42(‫ﻋﺒ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺩ‬109
‫ﺸﻜل‬)5-43(‫ﺍﻻﻗﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻭﻥ‬109
‫ﺸﻜل‬)6-1(‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻁﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬117
‫ﺸﻜل‬)6-2(‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬124
‫ﺸﻜل‬)6-3(‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺒﻠﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺸﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻜﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨل‬127

13. ‫م‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻕ‬)1(‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺎﻨﺕ‬139
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻕ‬)2(‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻘﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬144
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻕ‬)3(‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬145

14. ‫ن‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬)‫ﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﺒﻠﺱ‬(
‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺩ‬.‫ﻤﺭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﺨﺭ‬,‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬‫ﺘﺯﺍل‬‫ﺒﻠﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﺸﺎﻫﺩﺍ‬‫ﺤﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ّ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬‫ﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬.‫ﻭﺘﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬,‫ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﻤﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬,
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻴﺩﺍﻋﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﻡ‬‫ﻋﻼﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬‫ﻭﻗ‬‫ﺒﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻭﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺍﻷﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ ‫ﺃﻁﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬
،‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺕ‬‫ﺯﻫﺎﺀ‬‫ﻗﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬.‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨـﻼل‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل‬‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬,‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﺈﺭﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬.
‫ﻭﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬‫ﻗﺎﻤﺕ‬‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺘﻁﺭﻗﺕ‬‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﺘﻡ‬‫ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺒﻤﺴﺢ‬‫ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻲ‬‫ﻟﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺜﻴﻘﻲ‬‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼـﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬‫ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼﺕ‬‫ﻤﻊ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ‬‫ﻭﺘﺤﻠل‬‫ﺍﻷﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻘﺼﺭ‬‫ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﻭﺘﻘﺎﺭﻨﻪ‬‫ﻤﻊ‬‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬‫ﺃﺨـﺭﻯ‬‫ﻜﻘﺼـﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﻑ‬‫ﻭﻗﺼﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬.
‫ﻜ‬ ،‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺒﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼـل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬.‫ﺍﺴـﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺒﻨـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴـﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠـﺎﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺭﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺸﻜل‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬.‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺼﺹ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺭﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺩﺕ‬.،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒـﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬

15. ‫س‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻋﺩﺕ‬.
‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬:
-‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻭﺭ‬‫ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴﺎ‬‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻊ‬،‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ‬‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ‬‫ﻭﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬‫ﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬‫ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﺌﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺼﻭﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻜﻥ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬‫ﻭﺸﻜﻠﺕ‬‫ﺤﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬.
-‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬‫ﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻭﺭ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬.

16. 1
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬

17. 2
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬
‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
1-1‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
1-2‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
1-3‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
1-4‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬
1-5‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ‬

18. 3
1-1‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻤـﻭﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﻨﺤﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻭﻨﻠﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻌﻤل‬ ،‫ﻭﻨﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺩﺭﺱ‬ ،‫ﻭﻨﻨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺄﻜل‬ ،‫ﻭﻨﻌﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻟﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻤﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻤـﺭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻴﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻊ‬ ،‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﻨﺩﻓﻥ‬
‫ﻤ‬ ،‫ﺸﺎﺭﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻭﺭﺍ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺅﻁﺭ‬ ،‫ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﺘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻴﺤـﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺎﻤل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﻅﺎﺌﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬)،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻁ‬2000(.‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬‫ﺘﻌﻜـﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻬـﻲ‬ ،‫ﻋﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﻫﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤـل‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﻜﺱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻷﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺱ‬ ،‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻪ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻨﺩ‬ ،‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬)،‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ‬2007(.
‫ﻭﺘﻭﺍﻟـﺕ‬ ،‫ﺃﺨـﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨـﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻀـﻁﺭﺒﺔ‬ ،‫ﻤﺴـﺘﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺭﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺘﺭﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﻨﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬ ،‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺩل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﻤﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬،‫ﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻤﺎﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬.
‫ﺨـﻼل‬ ،‫ﻨﺴـﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻀـﺌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻹﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬.‫ﺃﻨﻅﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻏﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬

19. 4
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ،‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬‫ﻷﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺠـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻤﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔـﺎﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻴﺎﻏﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﻴﺴﺘ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻘﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬‫ﻌﻤﻠﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺼـﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴـﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﻤﻘـﺎﺒﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬.‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﺍﻋﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻅـﻡ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬.‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼـ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ،‫ﻭﻤﻘﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬‫ﻭﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺨﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻴﻥ‬.‫ﺒـﺎﻟﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺨـﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺯﻨـﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺩﻡ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺜ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺤﻭﺍﻟﻬـﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘـﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﻘﺎﻓﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﺯﺍﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴـﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺭﺍﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ،‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺭﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻭﻟﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻤﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻁﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻔﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻴـﻊ‬ ‫ﺭﻏـﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻐﺭﺍﺱ‬ ،‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺯﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻁﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘﺘﻨﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩ؛‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺍﻗﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬.
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻜـﻥ‬ ‫ﻟـﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﻐﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺎل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻜـﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴﻭﻥ‬

20. 5
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺎﺭﻜﻭﻥ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤـل‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻤﻌﻅـﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﻨﻘﺎﺸﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻨﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺭﻴﺜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻴﺔ‬.
،‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‬
،‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻯ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸـﺎﺌﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺤﻴﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ،‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻫﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻟﻸﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻔل‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺒﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻔل‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺯل‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬
،‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸـﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺨﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨـﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻭﺍﻤـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤـﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻫـﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ‬.
1-2‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬
،‫ﻗﺒـل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﺘل‬ ‫ﻀﺨﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺭﺍ‬.
،‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻬﻤﻪ‬ ،‫ﺩﻗﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻁﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻨﻌﻜﺎﺴـﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻭﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺍﺜﻴﺎ‬_‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺎ‬.‫ﺇﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﻌﻰ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫ﻭﻤـﻭﺍﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﻨﺴﻴﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭﺕ‬ ،‫ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬‫ﻭﻟﻺﺠﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻤﻁﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬

21. 6
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬:-،‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺩﺱ‬
‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل‬–‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻐـﺭﺽ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﻤﺢ‬.
1-3‫ﻭﻤﺒﺭﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬,‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺠﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺴـﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺼـﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺨـﺫ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬:
1-‫ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺯل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺄﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬.
2-‫ﺍﻷﻨﻤﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻤﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬.
3-‫ﻟﺘﻠﻌﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻜﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ‬.
4-‫ﻋﺩﻴ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁـﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒـﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻔﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁﻲ‬.
5-،‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬:
•‫ﻭﺃﺠﺩﺍﺩﻨ‬ ‫ﺁﺒﺎﺅﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺒـﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻘﻭﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻴﺩﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﻌﻭﻩ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺌﻪ‬.
•‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺼﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬.

22. 7
•‫ﺒﻨ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ،‫ﻨﺒﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻫﺩ‬ ،‫ﺃﻓﻀل‬:‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﺃﺘﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺄﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬:‫ﺫﺍﻫﺒﻭﻥ؟‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
•‫ﺜـﻡ‬ ،‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ،‫ﻜﻔﺭﺩ‬ ،‫ﻜﺎﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ،‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬ ،‫ﺃﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺏ‬.
•‫ﺤﻀـﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ،‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎل‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻨـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻤﺢ‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ،‫ﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ـﺫﻭﺭﻩ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺒﺠ‬ ‫ـﺎﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟﻬ‬ ،‫ـﺎﺩﺉ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤﺒ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤ‬ ‫ـل‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓﻠﻜ‬ ،‫ـﺭ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀ‬‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬.......‫ﺍﻟﺦ‬
•‫ﺍﻟﺴـﻴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻨﺼـﺭ‬ ،‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬.‫ﺘﻭﺜﻴـﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬
‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬‫ﺃﻭﺍﺌـل‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬
،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻀـﺤ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺼـﻨﻴﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺭﺯ‬.
1-4‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴـﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﻓـﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ،‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻬﻭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀـﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌـﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻀـﻊ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒـﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ،‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺩﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺸﻜل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬:
1-‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ،‫ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺅﺜﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻌﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺴﻘﺎﻁ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻌﺏ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬.

23. 8
2-‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬.
3-‫ﺍﻟ‬ ،‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬‫ﻓﻬﻤـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼـﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺼـﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ،‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬.
4-،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁـﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻕ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ‬.
5-‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬.
1-5‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬:
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬.
‫ﻭﻗ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒـﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻟﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ‬‫ﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬.
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ‬‫ﻔﻲ‬‫ﻓﺘـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬‫ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﻼﺹ‬ ،.
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻑ‬‫ﻭﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ،،‫ﻟﻠﻁـﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺩﻗﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺴﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬

24. 9
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﻜﺴﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻲ‬.
‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ‬:
1-‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬.
2-‫ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﻠﻁ‬
3-‫ﺘﻭﺜﻴـﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺠـﺎل‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺒﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺭﺍﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.
4-‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺽ‬ ،‫ﻭﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬.
5-‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤل‬.
6-،‫ﺭﻭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺠﻤ‬ ،‫ﻟﺤﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻌﻴﺔ‬.

25. 10
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬:‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬

26. 11
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
2-1‫ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ‬
2-2‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬
2-3‫ﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬‫ﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬(
2-4‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
2-4-1‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬
2-4-2‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬
2-4-3‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬
2-4-4‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ‬(
2-4-5‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬

27. 12
2-1‫ﺘﻤﻬﻴ‬‫ﺩ‬
"‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﻜـﺄﻱ‬ ،‫ﺒﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﺘﻜﺸﺎﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻓﻀل‬ ،‫ﻤﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨـﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺠﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻭﻏﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺇﺒﺩﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺒﻌﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ،‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬) " .Roger.1982.(
‫ﺍﺘﺨﺫﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷﺸﻜﺎل‬‫ﻓﺠﻤﻴ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻔﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﻤﻌﻘﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠـﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺴـﺘﺠﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺎﺕ‬.‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺨـﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ،‫ﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل‬‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ،‫ﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬.‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﺘﻘـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓـﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺫﻟـﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﻊ‬.،‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨـﺯل‬
‫ﻤﻌﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺸﻰﺀ‬ ،‫ﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬‫ﻓـﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯل‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﻥ‬ ،‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬).1969.Rapoport.(
‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺄﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺴﺒﻭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺤﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﻨﻔﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬‫ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻨﻲ‬.‫ﺘـﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ،‫ﻗﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬
‫ﻭﻀﻭﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺠﻴﺏ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺜـل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻀـﻭﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼـﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜـﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻔﻌﺎ‬.
‫ﻫـﻭ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،‫ﻤﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺎﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯل‬ ‫ﻭﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻤﺘﺄﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬‫ﻭﻁـﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺒـﺎﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬.‫ﻟﺒﻠـﻭﻍ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻭﺩ‬ ،‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ،‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬

28. 13
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬.‫ﻁـﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
،‫ﻓﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺯل‬‫ﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤـﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘـﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،‫ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸـﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯل‬ ‫ﺯﺍل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺘﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ‬‫ﻓﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻌـﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﺯ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻭﺍﻤل‬ ،‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻘﺴﻡ‬.‫ﻭﻫـﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻗﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﺴﺭ‬‫ﻟﻔﺘـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘـﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸـﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﻀـﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺎﺴـﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻤـﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺎﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ّﺩ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻤﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬‫ﺨـﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓـﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﺫ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ،‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻴﺎل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼـﻤﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻁﻁـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻡ‬ ،‫ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬.‫ﺒﺴـﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻬﻠﺔ‬ ،‫ﻭﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬).1969.Rapoport(.
2-2‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬(style)‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ،‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬(‫ﻴﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ،‫ﻭﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،
‫ﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬.‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﺭﻭﻙ‬ ،‫ﻏﻭﻁﻲ‬ ،‫ﻜﻼﺴﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺤ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺙ‬‫ﺒﺎﻨﻭﻓﺴـﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺭﺨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺴﻡ‬)Panofsky(
‫ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬:‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺭﺨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬

29. 14
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁـﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻤﻅﻬﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬،‫ﺍﻟـﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻨﻔﺱ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺘﻠ‬ ،‫ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﺍﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤل‬‫ﻙ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻅﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼﻴﻐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬
،‫ﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﺜل‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﺴﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﻭﻫـ‬ ،‫ﻴﻌﻴﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ،‫ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺒﻠﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺒـﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺸـﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻬـﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺘﻔﻘ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﻅﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﻅﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬)،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬2007(.
‫ﺨﻠـ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻕ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺎﻤـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﺍﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻤﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔـﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻔـﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺫﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻗﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺴﺒﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻤﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺴﻴ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻜﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻻﺴـﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎ‬‫ﺃﻤﺜﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻯ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﺴﻡ‬ ،‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻯ‬)،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬2007(.
،‫ﺍﻟـﺩﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺫﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻟﺯﻗﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺎﻜل‬.‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤـﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻤـﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼـﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺘﺎﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺩ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻷﻫﺭﺍﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬.،‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻔﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻜﻌﻨﺼـﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻬﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻍ‬ ،‫ﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺤﻠﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ،‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺯﺨﺭﻓﻲ‬

30. 15
‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼـﺭﺤﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻟﻀـﺨﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺌﻁ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺒﺘﻌﺩﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﺯﺨﺎﺭﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬‫ﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻠﻴل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﺒﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺒـﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺜﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﺍﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺴﻠﻭﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺏ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻬـﻭﺭﺍ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻋﻠـﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜـﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬ ،‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺩﻯ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘـﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﺠﺩﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋـﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻓـﻕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺸﻜﺎل‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬.
،‫ﺤﻠﻘﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﺢ‬ ،‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ،‫ﻤﺘﻜﺭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﺔ‬‫ﺘﺒﻘـﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻜﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺍﺴـﺘﺒﺩﺍل‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺩﻴـﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻅﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺘﺤـﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻔﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬(‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤـ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻜـﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷﺸـﻜﺎل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ،‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ،‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ،‫ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻭﺩ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬.
2-3‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬‫ﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺓ‬(
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻷﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻡ‬500‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒـﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﺴﺒ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﻨﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩﻤﺕ‬ ،‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬
،‫ﻋﻅﻴﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺒﺭﺍﻁﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﻘﻼﻉ‬‫ﻜﺒـﺭ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬.