2.  Rapping, (also known as spitting barz) refers to spoken or chanted rhyming lyrics.
The art from can be broken down into different components, as in the book ‘how to
Rap’ where it is separated into the ‘content’, ‘flow’ and ‘delivery’.
 Roots: Rapping can be traced back to it’s African roots. Centuries before Hp-Hop
music existed, The Griots of West African when delivering stories
rhythmically, over drums and sparse instrumentation.
 The Golden Age: Golden age Hip-Hop, between the late 80s to early 90s, was the
time period where Hip-Hop lyricism went through it’s most drastic
transformation...

3.  ‘Flow’ is defined as ‘the rhythms and rhymes’ of a Hip-Hop song’s lyrics and how
they interact-the book ‘how to rap’ breaks flow down into rhyme, rhyme schemes
and rhythm. ‘Flow’ is also sometimes used to refer to elements of the delivery
(pitch, timbre, volume) Staying on beat is central to a rapper’s flow. Rappers stay
on-beat by stressing syllables in time to the to the four beats of the musical
backdrop.
 Different styles of flow:
 ‘The Chant’ used by Lil Jon and Project Pat
 ‘The Syncopated Bounce’ used by Twista and Bone Thugs N Harmony
 ‘Straight Forward’ used by Snoop Dogg, 2Pac, KRS one and Jay-Z
 ‘The Rubik’s Cube’ used by Nas and Common

4.  Rappers use many different rhyming techniques, including complex rhyme
schemes , as Adam Krims points out- “The complexity...involves multiple rhymes
in the same rhyme complex (i.e. A section with consistently rhyming
words),internal rhymes and of beat rhymes.
 Literary Technique: Rappers use the literary techniques of double
entendres, alliteration and other forms of word play that are also found in classical
poetry. Similes and Metaphors are used extensively in rap lyrics; rappers such as
Fabolous and Lloyd Banks have written entire songs in which every line contains a
simile, whereas Rappers like Rakim, GZA and Jay-Z are known for their
metaphorical content of their raps. Rappers such as Lupe Fiasco are known for the
complexity of their songs that contain metaphors within extended metaphors.

5.  To successfully deliver a Rap, a Rapper must also deliver a vocal
presence, enunciation, ad breath control. Vocal presence is the distinctiveness of a
rapper’s voice on record. Enunciation is essential to a flowing Rap; some rappers
choose to exaggerate it for comic and artistic effect. Breath control, taking in air
without interrupting one’s delivery is an important skill for a rapper to master. A
Rapper with poor breath control cannot deliver difficult verses without making
unintentional pauses.

6.  One of the biggest Hip-Hop record labels is an american record label, focused
primarily on Hip-Hop and urban music, it’s owned by Universal Music
Group, and operates as part of ‘The Island Def Jam Motown Music Group’. In the
UK, the label takes on the name ‘Def Jam UK’ and is operated through ‘Mercury
Music Group’.
 Hip-Hop Legends:
 Biggie Smalls
 2Pac
 EminemTalib Kewli
 Snoop Dogg

7.  I plan to attract a young and urban audience through rebellious images, the colours
used, the masthead, the subjects on articles and the advertisement. Research into
existing ‘urban music’ magazines have proven that there is a potential audience in
the UK in demand for Hip-Hop and Rap music.