The document summarizes early Philippine history from 900 AD to the Spanish arrival in 1521. It discusses the Laguna Copperplate Inscription from 900 AD, which marks the transition from prehistory to history. It then covers the expansion of trade between the 1st and 14th centuries when cultural patterns developed. Finally, it discusses the initial Spanish arrival with Magellan in 1521 and the beginning of the Spanish colonial period under Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in 1565.

1. Attack by the Bruneian Empire (1500 A.D.)[edit]
Around the year 1500 AD, the Kingdom of Brunei under Sultan Bolkiah attacked
the kingdom of Tondo and established a city with the Malay name
of Selurong (later to become the city of Maynila)[15][16] on the opposite bank
of Pasig River. The traditional Rajahs of Tondo, the Lakandula, retained their
titles and property but the real political power came to reside in the House of
Soliman, the Rajahs of Manila.[17]
§

2. Expansion of Trade (1st Century - 14th Century AD)[edit]
Jocano refers to the time between the 1st and 14th Century AD as the
Philippines' emergent phase.[18] It was characterized by intensive trading, and
saw the rise of definable social organization, and, among the more progressive
communities, the rise of certain dominant cultural patterns. The advancements
that brought this period were made possible by the increased use of iron tools,
which allowed such stable patterns to form. This era also saw the development of
writing. The first surviving written artifact from the Philippines, now known as the
Laguna Copperplate Inscription, was written in 900 AD, marking the end of what
is considered Philippine prehistory and heralding the earliest phase of Philippine
history - that of the time between the first written artifact in 900 AD and the arrival
of colonial powers in 1521.

3. §The Spanish Conquista (1521–1565)[edit]
Main article: History of the Philippines (1521–1898)
Filipino historians note an overlap in the history of pre-colonial Philippines and
the Spanish colonial period, noting that while Magellan's arrival in 1521 marked
the first arrival of European colonizers to this country, it was not until the arrival
of Miguel López de Legazpi in 1565 that the Europeans had any marked impact
on the lifestyle of the residents of the Philippine Archipelago.
National Historical Institute and National Commission for Culture and the
Arts chair Ambeth Ocampo notes:
Contrary to popular belief, the so-called “Spanish period” in Philippine
history does not begin with Magellan’s arrival in Cebu and his well-
deserved death in the Battle of Mactan in 1521. Magellan may have
planted a cross and left the Santo Niño with the wife of Humabon, but that
is not a real “conquista” [conquest]. The Spanish dominion over the islands
to be known as “Filipinas” began only in 1565, with the arrival of Legazpi.
From Cebu, Legazpi moved to other populated and, we presume,
important native settlements like Panay and later Maynila (some thought
the name was Maynilad because of the presence of Mangrove Trees in the
area called nilad).[19]
When Who Ship(s) Where
1521
/
Ferdinand
Magellan
Trinidad, San
Antonio,
Concepcion,
Santiago and
Victoria
Visayas (Eastern
Samar, Homonhon,Limasawa, Cebu)
1525
García
Jofre de
Loaísa
Santa María de la
Victoria, Espiritu
Santo, Anunciada,
San Gabriel, Santa
María del Parral,
San Lesmes and
Santiago
Surigao, Islands
of Visayas and Mindanao

4. 1526 Sebastian
Cabot
4 unknown ships
Sighted land near Philippines, Landed
onMoluccas
1527
Álvaro
de
Saavedra
Cerón
3 unknown ships Mindanao
1542
Ruy
López de
Villalobos
Santiago, Jorge,
San Antonio, San
Cristóbal, San
Martín, and San
Juan
Visayas (Eastern
Samar, Leyte), Mindanao(Saranggani)
1564
Miguel
López de
Legazpi
San Pedro, San
Pablo, San Juan
and San Lucas
Almost entire Philippines

5. §Primary Sources for Early Philippine History[edit]
Primary sources for this period in Philippine history are sparse, which explains
why so little is known. It is however, postulated by Renato Constantino that
during the more than 300 years of Spain's colonization, Spanish authorities in
the Philippine had successfully cleared through burning or burying written
records and other documentaries that would establish proof of governance on
the various existing small kingdoms and sultanates they subdued.[20] This is
evidenced by the Laguna Copperplate Inscription written in copper metal
sheet. The inscription writing in Kawi script manifest the existence of a
developed writing system and government structure prior to the arrival of
Spaniards and its subsequent establishment of Spanish colonies.
Historian William Henry Scott has provided a compilation and analysis of
available archival primary source materials, linguistic analyses,
archaeological, and other materials and analyzes several purported
prehispanic historical accounts that lack any primary source documentation.[21]
The LCI is both the earliest local source on this era and the earliest primary
source, with the Calatagan jar being more or less contemporary, although the
translation of the text on the jar is in some question. Early contacts
with Japan, China, and by Muslim traders produced the next set of primary
sources.[6] Genealogical records by Muslim Filipinos who trace their family
roots to this era constitute the next set of sources. Another short primary
source concerns the attack by Brunei's king Bolkiah on Manila Bay in 1500.
Finally, and perhaps with the most detail, Spanish chroniclers in the 17th
century collected accounts and histories of that time, putting into writing the
remembered history of the later part of this era, and noting the then-extant
cultural patterns which at that time had not yet been swept away by the
coming tide of hispanization.[15][22][23]

6. §References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to:a b c
Laguna Copperplate Inscription - Article in English[unreliable
source?]
2. Jump up^ The Laguna Copperplate Inscription. Accessed September 04,
2008.
3. Jump up^ Tomb raiders spoil Philippine archaeological find - FRANCE 24
4. Jump up^ The Cultural Influences of India, China, Arabia, and Japan |
Philippine Almanac
5. Jump up^ Tamil Cultural Association - Tamil Language
6. ^ Jump up to:a b
South East Asia Pottery - Philippines
7. Jump up^ "About Pasay -- History: Kingdom of Namayan". pasay city
government website. City Government of Pasay. Archived from the
original on 2008-01-20. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
8. Jump up^ Huerta, Felix, de (1865). Estado Geografico, Topografico,
Estadistico, Historico-Religioso de la Santa y Apostolica Provincia de San
Gregorio Magno. Binondo: Imprenta de M. Sanchez y Compañia.
9. Jump up^ Remains of ancient barangays in many parts of Iloilo testify to the
antiquity and richness of these pre-colonial settlements. Pre-hispanic burial
grounds are found in many towns of Iloilo. These burial grounds contained
antique porcelain burial jars and coffins made of hard wood, where the dead
were put to rest with abundance of gold, crystal beads, Chinese potteries,
and golden masks. These Philippine national treasures are sheltered in
Museo de Iloilo and in the collections of many Ilonngo old families. Early
Spanish colonizers took note of the ancient civilizations in Iloilo and their
organized social structure ruled by nobilities. In the late 16th Century, Fray
Gaspar de San Agustin in his chronicles about the ancient settlements in
Panay says: “También fundó convento el Padre Fray Martin de Rada en
Araut- que ahora se llama el convento de Dumangas- con la advocación de
nuestro Padre San Agustín...Está fundado este pueblo casi a los fines del río
de Halaur, que naciendo en unos altos montes en el centro de esta isla
(Panay)...Es el pueblo muy hermoso, ameno y muy lleno de palmares de
cocos. Antiguamente era el emporio y corte de la más lucida nobleza de toda
aquella isla.” Gaspar de San Agustin, O.S.A., Conquistas de las Islas
Filipinas (1565-1615), Manuel Merino, O.S.A., ed., Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Cientificas: Madrid 1975, pp. 374-375.
10.Jump up^ The Medieval Geography of Sanfotsi and Zabag[unreliable source?]
11.Jump up^ Baybayin, the Ancient Philippine script. Accessed September 04,
2008.
12.Jump up^ Hector Santos. Kavi, a borrowed Philippine script. bibingka.com.
Accessed April 35, 2010.
13.Jump up^ Patanne, E. P. (1996). The Philippines in the 6th to 16th
Centuries. San Juan: LSA Press. ISBN 971-91666-0-6.
14.Jump up^ Guerrero, Milagros C. (1966). "The Chinese in the Philippines,
1570–1770". In Alfonso Felix Jr. The Chinese in the Philippines. Manila:

7. Solidaridad. Archeological evidence suggests that the Philippines has been
maintaining commercial relations for over 700 years. Trade between China
and the Philippines probably started centuries before the advent of the Sung
Dynasty. During the rule of the Sungs (960-1127 AD), Arab traders brought
Philippine goods to southwestern China through the port of Canton. Chinese
colonies were simultaneously established in the coastal towns of the
Philippines with the import of Chinese goods. The trade was climaxed
when Chao Jukua wrote of the barter trade between the Chinese and the
natives of Mayi (Mindoro). The Chinese exchanged their silks, porcelain,
colored glass, beads and iron ware with the hemp cloth, tortoise shells,
pearls and yellow wax of the early Filipinos.
15.^ Jump up to:a b
*Scott, William Henry (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth Century
Philippine Culture and Society. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University
Press. ISBN 971-550-135-4.
16.Jump up^ del Mundo, Clodualdo (September 20, 1999). "Ako'y Si Ragam (I
am Ragam)". Diwang Kayumanggi. Archived from the original on 2007-11-
14. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
17.Jump up^ Santiago, Luciano P.R., The Houses of Lakandula, Matanda, and
Soliman [1571-1898]: Genealogy and Group Identity, Philippine Quarterly of
Culture and Society 18 [1990]
18.Jump up^ Jocano, F. Landa (2001). Filipino Prehistory: Rediscovering
Precolonial Heritage. Quezon City: Punlad Research House, Inc. p. 135 -
006-5.
19.Jump up^ Ocampo, Ambeth (January 22, 2009). "Legaspi’s wish
list". Looking Back: Legaspi’s wish list (Philippine Daily Inquirer).
Retrieved February 5, 2009.
20.Jump up^ Foreward by Renato Constantino. In: Scott, William Henry.
(1982). Cracks in the Parchment Curtain and Other Essays in Philippine
History. New Day Publishers, Quezon City. 315pp. ISBN 9711000733.
21.Jump up^ Scott, William Henry. (1984). Prehispanic Source Materials for the
Study of Philippine History (Revised Edition). New Day Publishers, Quezon
City. 196pp. ISBN 9711002264.
22.Jump up^ Ancient Philippines - The Ancient Philippine Archipelago
23.Jump up^ Scott, William Henry (1992), Looking for the Prehispanic
Filipino. New Day Publishers, Quezon City. 172pp. ISBN 9711005247.
[hid
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Philippin
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 History ofthe Philippines (900–1521)

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