Criminology Theories

Criminology Theories
"Criminology" is the study of crime from a social perspective by researching the nature and management of crime and the social impact of crime on
society involving the causes and consequences behind the matter. This is a generalised explanation of what "Criminology" involves as it is too
difficult to create an exact definition because the topic is so complex from continuous growing historical roots and evolving theories which will be
explored within the main body of this essay. It is said by Sutherland (1939), that Criminology is made up by "three great tributaries: The study of crime,
the study of those who commit crime and the study of the criminal justice and penal systems". Criminologists study this topic in an attempt to gain a ...
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The main idea behind their work was that punishment would only work efficiently if it's severity was proportionate to the offence committed. Beccaria
and Bentham kept the interest of society in mind in the regard that whatever was introduced as a restraint towards criminal behaviour should have a
clear aim of emitting the greatest happiness to the largest possible number of people in terms of solace and serenity.
The second school of thought "Positivist Criminology" became apparent after the ideas about criminals and punishment were created from the first.
Like "Classical", the positivist idea had a theory of utilitarianism but instead philosophers within this school applied a scientific method to study
criminal behaviour based upon external factors. The primary idea behind positivism is that criminals are born into their category due to their nature
and are not made into criminals. The theory is split into three segments that cover a substantial body of verified principles of knowledge such as:
biological, psychological and social positivism in an attempt to understand criminal behaviour and "Criminology's" purpose. All three express the same
outcome on how rehabilitation for the offender should fit for their needs individually instead of as a whole.
"Ceasare Lombroso", an Italian
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Theory Of Peacemaking Criminology
Essay Portion – Peacemaking The section explores the concept of peacemaking which emerged within the criminology discipline in the late 20th
century. As this segment progress, the readers will become acquainted with the historical background of peacemaking, proponents of the theory, and
explanations as to what is peacemaking, expanding on restorative justice, a form of peacemaking criminology and finally conclude this section with
critiques and discussion on peacemaking criminology as discussed during the class presentation. Peacemaking criminology grew out of the conflict
and radical theories of the 1960s and 1970s and is grounded in the way of philosophy and peace (Klenowski, 2009). The 1960s and 1970s were a time
of war and revolution ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is crucial to make clear that, peacemaking as a concept is a rational which differs from pacifist and civil disobedience techniques, though they are
often practiced by the same group of people.
Peacemaking criminology outlines that in order to reduce crime, we as a society attempt to alleviate the suffering which may perpetuate criminogenic
factors that lead to criminal behavior. In the excerpt from Cullen and Agnew (2003), Quinney outlines "crime is suffering and the ending of crime is
possible only with the ending of suffering" (387). Moreover, to achieve this, human transformation must take place on both the micro and macro levels
of society and that individual change must proceed societal change. To achieve peace and progress with the nonviolent criminology of Peacemaking,
the following pillars are crucial to its success: awareness of human suffering – recognizing that crime occurs due to human suffering, right
understanding – accepting that oppression which leads to crime is because of individuals that are not spiritually aware, those who live by greed, fear,
egoism and a craving for power over others, and finally compassion and service – being enlightened spiritually to engage in service of others (389–390).
It is important to acknowledge that the "out of the box" thinking behind the idea of peacemaking criminology deserves praise, but proponents of
rationalism outline numerous concerns and critiques in relation to

The School Of Criminology
What is criminology, what are its key task and questions, and how does criminology challenge Common Sense Understanding of Crime'? Criminology
may be defined as the scientific commitment to the gathering of 'fact' (Walkate,2003) or as defined by the Collins dictionary as the scientific study of
crime and criminals. The common sense notion of crime is information acquired through personal experiences and external influences which often does
not hold any merit. The aim of this essay is to outline what criminology is as a subject and the concept of its two main schools of thought classical and
positivist. It will also be looking at the key tasks of a criminologist. The school of criminology also challenges the common sense or everyday
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As a discipline criminology relies on other related field in others to establish the nature cause extent and control of criminal behaviour on an
individual and societal level. In committing of a crime alot of speculation will be drawn on the individual base on the the two school of thought.
The classical school who upheld the belief that the punishment of a crime should be no more or less severe as neccessary while the provitist school
will focus on the criminal biological features to interpre the cause of his deviant behaviour. The aim and objectives of both school although different
from a cohesive picture both aim at developing an understanding of crime through studying and analyzing of human behaviour and social institution
with some hope of reducing crime. Criminolghy key task is developing an understanding committ crime by developing theories, doing research
analysing statistic and present evidence or explanantion . there studies often discredit society common sense understanding of crime. however
commom understading ofcrime is not always refuted but sometimes use as a base for research. Society relies on several sources to draw a common
sense understanding of crime , one such source is gathered from a individual perpesctive base on their own experience or those of others. the media is
another source that an individual relies on to gather common sense understanding although it consider to be valuable source of information it should
be treated with sceptism as it is tempting for an individual to read and article and assume it to be true. views express by others such as

Cultural Criminology
Cultural criminology is a theoretical, methodological, and interventionist approach to the study of crime that seeks to understand crime in the context
of its culture. Cultural criminology looks at how the upwards and downwards constructions of criminological phenomena is affected by power: rules
created, rules broken, the constant interplay of moral entrepreneurship, moral innovation and transgression. Cultural criminology was first observed by
Jeff Ferrell and Clinton Sanders and then was enforced by Redhead 1995 and others and linked specific academic threads to discover the meeting of
cultural and criminal procedures in current social life.
The development of cultural criminology was from a mixed co–process of criminology, sociology and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Crime as culture believes that criminal behaviour is formed from subcultures and is seen as a group activity caused by the status that they group
lives up to. Each criminal subculture all has different norms and values, which they follow and live up to. Cultural criminologists study the way
members of criminal subcultures adopt the languages that they speak, their distinctive style of clothing and how they participate in group life and
the crimes that are involved. Criminal subcultures are not a specific group of people in society. They are a subculture of people from different
class, age, gender and different experienced inequalities that share similar experiences and are labelled buy authorities as criminals. The media is
often used for a place for crime to be publicized in society and it is through the media that social/political powers are able to criminalise subcultures
by creating a deviant image towards subcultures so that they are blamed for some social problems in society and may seems as a threat to society. For
example when Malcolm McLaren and John Lydon helped to organise the punk band the sex pistols which to politicians in Great Britain thought was
disturbing due to their violently confused imagery of sadomasochism image that they showed to the public, the British media condemned the bad as a

Criminology
Why Is Criminology Important?
In this essay, I we be discussing the importance criminology has on the criminal justice system, criminology involves conducting research and
studying social and physical factors of why people commit crimes and end up in our prisons. criminologists work is important as their work aids in
developing a society that is less prone to acts of criminality and deviance, protecting society. My primary focus will be on why we have prisons,
looking at the type of people we find in them, what may cause them to end up there. Following up with how criminologists respond to the obvious
problems. I will be supporting my answer by providing statistics and presenting criminological theories throughout.
As of December 2017, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This behavior towards a minority is also linked to the reason many of them end up within the prisons. There is still a high presence of racism within
society, members of the black community are constantly put under the strains of societies negative perception of them. In 1938 Robert K. Merton
created the criminological strain theory, this theory focuses on delinquency of the lower class, including the black community. Merton (1938) theory
can be used to argue that through the mistreating black people suffer within society this manner lessens their feel of personal values, these negative
emotions that are created influences strains upon the person which suggests the reasoning's for a crime to be committed. The idea that if you perform
how people already believe you do as a form of conformity to their beliefs. Although this theory is declining in popularity with many criminologists as
it is unable to explain why those who are put through the same strains don't lead to preforming crimes (Newburn, 2017).
Criminologists also analyse the social backgrounds and childhood experiences of criminals this is important as suggesting reasons why crimes may be
committed allows crime prediction and prevention especially in the future. After thorough research criminologists are also able to predict patterns in
family backgrounds linking to

Theories In Criminology
According to a report delivered on 14th march 1991, by the independent commission formed to bring to trial the case, was that the four defendant police
officers pleaded not guilty to the charges. The police department reactions were that they never brutally assaulted Rodney King and that the allegations
made against them were not true. The United States criminal code was violated by the police officers by committing assault in possession of a deadly
weapon. Before the Rodney King's case, the constitution of the United States did not criminalize the police officers for infringing on the rights of the
arrested persons who fell at their hands. This case led to the fourth, fifth and sixth amendments of the constitution of the United States which now
safeguards against the rights of all people regardless of gender, race or ethnic origin such as the freedom of speech "In ... Show more content on
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The jury members in the criminal court system in Los Angeles was found to have erred in law to acquit the four police officers on the charges of
assault with deadly weapon. This is because the investigations redone by the Federal Bureau of Investigations gave a different report that indeed the
crimes were committed by the police officers yet no action in law had been taken against them. An unfaircriminal justice system encourages more
perpetrators to commit crimes (Yin, 2004). This research paper will discuss various theories in criminology which connote that failure to punish
perpetrators, increases the levels of crimes committed. When criminals are let to walk free, the level of crimes must increase. Different criminology
scholars state that a severe punishment is the best possible way to deter criminals from repeatedly committing crimes. Deterrence also serves as a
lesson to other criminals in the society to control their behaviors in the

Criminal Justice And Criminology
As one of the newer fields of social science, criminal justice began as a study that took from sociology. "Critics thought that criminal justice was based
on a weak empirical and theoretical foundation, and that it had nothing to offer which was not already available through some established discipline,
principally sociology or the law" (Clear, 2001). Over years, criminal justice has begun to make a name for it. Today, many colleges and universities
offer bachelors, masters and PhD programs for those pursuing degrees in criminal justice. For some, criminal justice may be seen as just a study for
those wanting careers in law enforcement, although the field is also able to prepare its students for research related to crime and the reasons why ...
The works published by people in criminal justice are often taught in colleges and universities to future scholars. Therefore it is important that these
journals stay relevant to the field, and that there are enough of them being published. The growth of criminology and criminal justice is due to the many
contributions of professors of criminal justice and professors of other disciplines. One thing that is pushed within criminology and criminal justice is
research. Many departments in universities encourage their students to become familiar with research because it will be used frequent. Research shows
that in the 1970's and 80's there was an increase of alumni from doctoral programs in criminal justice (Sorensen, 1992). The increase came rather
unexpected due to federal funds being cut from criminal justice programs (Sorensen, 1992). With increasing numbers of individuals getting their
doctorate degrees in criminal justice, more scholars are needed to properly educate new students. Faculty members are most often ranked on
productivity by the amount and quality of their publications. This then helps to rank the doctoral program as a whole. In fields such as criminology
and criminal justice where males dominate, female authors may find it harder to be awarded funding, promotions, and publications (Martel, Hogeveen,
& Woolford, 2006, p. 638). It is very critical to the field that there is enough representation in order for journals to be published. Professors and faculty
members of universities are pressured to publish journals that are relevant to the field. Criminal justice departments are ranked on the amount and
quality of journals published by institutions (Sorensen, 2009). The rankings of the departments may attract or push away potential students. Journal
publications also "have significant effects on a faculty member's career, influencing a range of personnel decisions (i.e., hiring, annual

Disadvantages Of Green Criminology
Lynch first mentioned green criminology in 1990, and from then has developed as a branch of criminology that focuses on harms against the
environment. The popularity of green criminology has risen over the past 20 years with the recognition that concerns about environmental harms and
crimes should have a more prominent place within the field of criminology (Mares, 2010). Despite a consensus among nations, identified by Nurse
(2015), that the environment and natural resources should be protected, green criminology has its critics, with some criminologists not seeing green
crimes and harms as a priority within criminology. This essay will look at the characteristics and approaches of a green criminology, focusing on how
different aspects of green criminology may be an advantage or disadvantage and how they play a part in green criminology's role in society.
The first advantage of a green criminology is that it brings attention to environmental issues, which otherwise may be overlooked or downplayed. This
is important as Agnew (2012) argues that climate change will increase strain, reduce social control and increase social disorganisation. He goes on to
suggest that these circumstances foster beliefs and values favourable to crime as well as affecting opportunities for crime. Also, orthodox criminology
tends to hide crimes of the powerful, while green criminology highlights them. Both individuals and corporations cause harms to the environments with
research showing that the

Biological Theories Of Criminology
The field of criminology has been slow to give credit to biological theories of deviant behavior. Criminology was mainly in the field of the social
science approach to crime as developed in sociology, it was pure sociology without any biology or psychology. One reason for this is because biological
theories the link between biology and crime is not clear and biology on behavior of any kind is more often the result of an interaction among genetic,
hormonal and other biological features of an individual and their social and physical environments (Schmalleger, 2012, p. 86). Biological theories
within the field of criminology attempts to explain behaviors contrary to societal expectations through examination of individual characteristics. These
theories are categorized within a paradigm called positivism or determinism.
Positivism were more than likely made up of scientists, mathematicians, anthropologists and astronomers. They studied behavior from a biological,
psychological and sociological perspective (Gay, 2017). Biological theory maintains that the basic determinants of human behavior, including
criminality are constitutionally or physiologically based and often inherited (Schmalleger, 2012, p. 87). There are major principles of biological
theories and crime causation make certain fundamental assumptions. One assumption is that the brain is the organ of the mind and is where an
individual's personality comes from. It has been compared to the organ of behavior and that no

Skeletal Criminology
Criminology is defined as "an interdisciplinary profession built around the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior, including their forms,
causes, legal aspects, and control" (p. 8). In layman's terms, Criminology is the study of law enforcement and the criminal justice system (Schmalleger,
2015, p. 8). Criminology is not just determining the crime, it is also assessing the "why" portion, in order to hypothesize solutions, whether it is ways
to prevent crime or deciding a punishment for a crime. Evidence shows that skeletal remains were located showing signs of cranial surgery that may
indicate the preliterate people explained deviant behavior by sprit possession (Schmalleger, 2015, p.7). During a period of time where mental illness ...
And the final condition of that person is worse than the first. That is how it will be with this wicked generation" (Matthew 12:43–45 New International
Version). The first verse of this scripture indicates this body has been overcome with an evil that has exhausted their body and caused their spirit
to deteriorate. It demonstrates that an evil has made itself a new home in the body, and it will make their spirit darker, and darker until it
eventually causes them to commit evil acts. Since we know that there are already theories that early criminology was said to be associated with
spirit possession, this scripture could be evidence that during this time period they believed that "evil" acts might be demonic possession. If this
were true, and people were indeed possessed by an evil spirit, then when Jesus was crucified and stated "Father, forgive them, for they do not know
what they are doing..." (Luke 23:34 NIV), it would conform to the early criminology theory. There are numerous present day cases that relate to
early criminology, such as the case involving David Berkowitz AKA "Son of Sam" who, in 1976 and 1977, murdered six and wounded seven,
claiming to be "demon possessed." Berkowitz argued that "Sam" was a six thousand year old male that had possessed the body of a neighbor, Sam
Carr, and had instructed

Integrated Theory Criminology
Criminology describes crime, criminal behavior and its causes, and how crime can be controlled and prevented (Schmalleger, 2015). It encompasses a
vast realm of disciplines including biology, psychology, and sociology. The field of criminology is composed of many different elements that help
make the discipline whole. Some of those components may include criminal behavior, criminal justice, theoretical criminology, translational
criminology, and the criminal justice system. Without understanding and studying criminal behavior, one would not understand criminology. Criminal
behavior describes any action a person commits that violates the law. Understanding what criminal behavior is, is essential in then determining what
may cause a person to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This subfield is found most commonly in universities. The text explains two parts of the theoretical approach, general theory and integrated theory
(Schmalleger, 2015). It seems that general theory fails to explain the many different areas of criminology, and for these reasons, the integrated theory
may be a better option for understanding criminal behavior. An integrated theory brings together a wide array of information from different sources
to help describe behavior (Schmalleger, 2015). In addition, theory must be able to be applied to the real world. Transitional criminology can be
described as a way in which theories and research are applied to social policies and then into practice. The people who put these policies into practice
may include police officers and the courts. Police officers and the courts make up the criminal justice system, and their primary goal is to punish and
rehabilitate criminals. All of these elements make up criminology; you cannot have one element without the other. Schmalleger (2015) states that
sociology has long been a part of criminology because crime, in one way or another, affects

Classical Criminology And Modern Criminology
Classical criminology is "usually seen as the first 'real' criminology" (Tierney,2009), due to its emergence in the eighteenth century, heralded by
scholars Jeremey Bentham and Cesare de Beccaria. It is centred on the 'act' rather than the 'offender', as well as the use of punishment as a deterrence.
Yet whilst classical criminology has evolved slightly over time, it's narrow minded focus on the 'offence' rather than the 'offender' can result in the
overlooking of crucial details that may have facilitated the offence. Such details can include low–socio economic upbringing, mental health issues or
social inequality. Therefore, when dealing with youth crime in Melbourne, only a limited amount of crime is explainable as classical ... Show more
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Young offenders are risking greater 'pain' such as lengthy imprisonment or large fines, for dangerous offences like car theft, or home invasions. This
reckless ignorance of potential outcomes, is not taken into perspective when looking at it from a classical perspective. The inability to understand the
recklessness and lack of rationality in Melbourne's youth, is a key weakness and limitation of Classical criminology.
Whilst people do have the free will to make decisions, classical theory does not register the impact of extenuating circumstances such as a
low–socioeconomic upbringing, or mental illnesses as a motivator for crime. This is due to the classical perception of all humans as rational beings.
This meaning the individual makes rational decisions after calculating the best outcome. They decide whether to act in a devious manner or to continue
abiding by societies rules. Through this definition, Classical principles render a large number of crimes committed unexplainable, due to its ignorance
towards behaviour deemed irrational. It is summarised perfectly as an "overly rational vision of human nature"(Criminology,2004). Dr Chris Lennings
wrote a paper explaining links between illness and crimes committed by youths in Australia. Although it is not specific to Melbourne it does help depict
the limitations of classical Criminology's limitations. After an analysis of

Functionalist Criminology And Positivist Criminology Essay
Evaluation of Classicism and Positivism are two theories that assess the mind and different approaches to human nature; classicist is a rational act and
liberty. This method was industrialized between the 18th and 19th Century, it was created in order to process the criminal justice system and make sure
everyone was treated equally (Classical Criminology is connected with Cesare Bonesana , Marchese de Beccaria). Positivism Criminology Is a an
theory that is established by the concept of scientific understanding of law–breaking and criminality of people ,the key perception is to assess how
behaviour is stubborn. There are also two types of positivism that illuminate the clarification of crime and deviancy, these are known as Psychological
Positivism and Biological Positivism. This thesis will reflect to what level Classism and Positivist criminology compete with to each other and assess
if the two theories have any similarities. There will be different aspects which will be looked at for these theories all variables from the causes of
crime, definition of crime, crime prevention ETC.
During the 19th century people tried to understand the ways of natural laws of society however Cesare Beccaria had pictured this as being egotistic.
Considering that law should be partial to a certain extent as much as possible also forbid actions which would rise instead of lessening crime. Cesare
had acknowledged management of criminal justice where he knew that the rights of offenders are

Sentencing In Criminology
Introduction Criminology as a field studies a wide range of concepts that all have far–reaching and substantial impacts on the way that our society
functions. One of the furthest reaching realities, in terms of its social, economic and political impacts, that criminology studies is sentencing. The
research on sentencing ranges from its history, to the effects it has on the offender's family and community. Sentencing length and severity, which not
only have a large effect, but also are affected by many things has been and continues to be a topic of great debate and as a result research. Due to the
observation that there are large disparities in sentencing length and severity discussions were started which brought into question the fairness

Criminology Personal Statement
I am a current undergraduate criminology student and studying in the UK. This year is my final year of my degree study, after that i want to
continue a further study in Criminology. This is because this is my interest academic area so i chose it as my first degree, up to this point I did not
think i learnt enough and something that i interested i did not have any chance to study it during my undergraduate. According to my previous study
experiences i usually learnt and studied about theories, knowledges and cases about UK or other western countries, however my interest and care
areas are HK and China. For example, my dissertation topic is about a study of child trafficking in China. When i was starting my research i found
very difficult to

What Is Criminology?
Criminology is defined as the scientific study of the nature, causes, and the rate of crime, the punishment and rehabilitation of offenders, and the
prevention of crime. The important factors to determine if criminal acts are realistically thought out before being committed, if society plays a role in the
crime, and what drives the individual to live a life of crime. Over time, many individuals have developed theories as to why crimes are committed but
before you can understand criminology and its purpose, you must have an understanding of crime. Crime can be defined as an intentional act or
omission in violation of criminal law, committed without defense or justification, and sanctioned by the state as a felony or misdemeanor (Hendrix,
2014, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People are given the ability to choose between right and wrong. By having an understanding of crime, you have the ability to determine if criminal
acts are rationally thought out before being committed, if society plays a role in crime, and what issues lead an individual to live a life of crime.
The term criminology was first defined by an Italian Law Professor in 1885, who used the word 'criminologia.' Since then the word was changed to
the term 'criminologie.' In the end it became known to the modern version of 'criminology'. Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding
delinquency and crime such as social phenomena. It includes the process of making laws, of breaking laws, and of reacting towards the breaking of
laws. It is aimed at finding the connection between crime and the characteristics of the offender or their environment.
Classical criminology is where individuals who commit crime participate in a process of decision making when deciding how to commit crime
(Williams & McShane, 2010). This is based on the assumptions that individuals have the right to free will and are guided by the intensification of
pleasure and the minimization of pain. These assumptions are important in that they take away the attention from punishing an individual's social or
physical characteristics, and push it towards punishing their offensive

Conflict Criminology
The three schools of conflict theories of criminology are Radical criminology, Feminist criminology, and peacemaking criminology. Radical
criminology is an ideology of conflict. The specific ideology has perspectives that are based off of crime and on law as well. Being based off of crime
and law, it is in the belief that capitalist societies precipitate and define crime. The societies precipitate and define crime as the owners of the means of
production use their power to enact laws that will control the working class and repress threats to the power of the ruling class. With Radical
criminology, there is a conflict perspective. The conflict perspective sees crime as endangered by the unequal distribution of three different things.
Those things are wealth, power, and other resources that its adherents believe is especially characteristic of capitalist societies. (http://www.nssa.us
/journals/2007–29–1/2007–29–1–05.htm) Feminist criminology is criminology based off feminine aspects. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The specific movement social injustice, violence, and oppression. The belief that goes along with peace–making criminology is that crime control
agencies should take action. Along with the citizens, they should work together to alleviate human suffering and social problems. Also so that crime
may be reduced. Peace–making criminology is known as an idea that is radical when it is contrasted with the way that the American Justice System
often functions. There is a specified calling for with the question of individuals' intentions on committing crimes. There is also a calling for an
expression of empathy to those individuals who commit the crimes and their situations in particular.

criminology Essay
This essay is going to discuss the causes of crime and evaluate the theories of criminalisation using one theory for each of the following themes. The
themes are labelling and deviant identity of criminalisation, theory of delinquency and criminalisation, theory of political economy and criminalisation,
and finally radical theory of criminalisation. This essay will also show some of the weaknesses of each of the theories used for these themes.
The first theme is labelling and deviant identity theory of criminalisation, one of the main contributors to this theory was Howard Becker who in 1963
wrote the book "Outsiders" which provided the foundations of labelling theory. Becker looked at how social groups created deviance by creating the ...
Sykes and Matza state that there is five contributory factors to the rationalisation process these are " denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial
of the victim, condemnation of the condemners, and appeal to the higher loyalties." Denial of responsibility is when a delinquent will blame another
group for his criminal act such as his parents did not give them a good upbringing or his school let him down, they look at themselves as the victim.
Denial of injury is when they rationalise there action because nobody was hurt, for example vandalism or shoplifting from a large store chain who they
believe can afford the lose. Denial of the victim is when they state that the victim deserved it. Condemnation of the condemners they blame the other
group for there actions and try to deflect responsibility and appeal to higher loyalties they are fighting for the ethical good. Chambliss and Snider state
that capitalism is the main contributor to delinquency as we strive to achieve personal wealth and gain an individual who does not achieve this feel
justified in delinquent behaviour.
Theory of political economy and criminalisation this looks at how capitalism can shape delinquent and deviant behaviour. Chambliss argues :
"The heart of the capitalist economic system is the protection of private property, which is, by definition, the cornerstone upon which capitalist
economies function. It is not surprising, then to find that criminal law reflects this basic

Classical Crime And Criminology
Jacob Zucker
CJ102
Dr. Wenger
Crime and Criminology
The origins of criminology can be traced back to 1750 BCE when the Code of Hammurabi was developed in Babylonia which was the first written
criminal code. However, the Mosaic Code, or the laws of the ancient Israelites that was found in the Old Testament of the Judeo–Christian Bible, could
be considered the first set of established laws (Seigel, 2014, p. 17). During the Middle Ages (1200–1600), people who violated social norms or
religious practices were believed to be witches or possessed by demons. The use of cruel torture to extract confessions was common. Those convicted
of violent or theft crimes suffered extremely harsh penalties, including whipping, branding, maiming, and execution (Siegel, 2014, p. 8). This evolved
into what is known as Classical Criminology during the eighteenth century when social philosophers began to argue for a more rational approach to
punishment (Seigel, 2014, p. 9). They wanted a more balanced and fair relationship between crime and punishment. Classical criminology theory had
several basic elements, the first being people have free will to choose criminal or lawful solutions to meet their needs or settle their problems. The
next being crime is attractive when it promises great benefits with little effort. Followed by crime may be controlled by the fear of punishment. Lastly,
punishment that is (or is perceived to be) severe, certain, and swift will deter criminal behavior

The Sociological Theories Of Criminology
What is criminology? A simple question but difficult to answer. A question with multiple answers that are never quite the same as the one before.
Some say it's a mixture of different disciplines and differing objects of study with origins in numerous subjects changing from a very sociological
approach to now a more scientific approach (Newburn, 2009). Others say it's the product of two initially separate works; the governmental project,
including empirically studying the administration of justice and working of police, and the Lombrosian project, the idea that crime can be understood by
dividing into those that are criminals and "non– criminals" and the characteristics that each possess (Garland, 2002). This stemmed from Lombroso,
who attempted to identify physical features of a person which he suggested made a person more likely to partake in "criminal behaviour". There is no
one way to define criminology it is too vast and expansive and as time goes on criminology changes, varying as an interdisciplinary approach. Not only
this but criminology in itself is hard to define to one sole definition. For example, there are four sub–groups of criminology; penology, biocrimonology,
feminist criminology and criminalistics. On top of this there are also schools of criminology; classical, positivist and Chicago. As a result it shows
that criminology and its objectives are far from being able to be defined in a single explanation.
Criminology has changed over time and many scholars

Disorganization Theory Of Criminology And Criminology Essay
Disorganization theory of criminology
Name
Institution
Disorganization theory of criminology
Borski, J., and Harold. (1995). Social disorganization theory: influence of society and environment to crime: New York: Lexington.
The two researchers use data from the Lexington library to determine how the environment people live in can influence their behaviors. It means that
the social organization theory focuses on the effect of society towards crime. When a society or the people in it do not hold moral values, the rise in
criminal behavior is bound to increase. When children live in a neighborhood that does not any rules related to religion, and good morals.
Therefore, there is a very high possibility that children will likely grow with no sense of responsibility or accountability. When people are not
accountable for their actions, then they are likely to engage in criminal activity. The lifestyle that people adopt in urban areas creates a form of
competition. Most of the people want to own beautiful clothes, cars, go to nice hotels and if they do not have money for that the likely hood of being
involved in criminal activity is very high because most of them want to live an expensive life and not work hard for it. Alternatively, this is why drug
loads chose such neighborhoods to recruit people to sell their drugs.
Korn, Ruth. (1978). Social sources of delinquency: An appraisal of analytic models. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
The Chicago University Press publishes the

Criminology Theories
Criminology Theories Dealing with Characters from Boyz N the Hood
Jamar Tyms
Westwood College
Criminology
Ms. Peete
Abstract
This Paper will discuss what theories can explain the deviant behavior of the characters in the movie Boyz N the Hood.
What Starts Criminal Behavior? History shows that through life violence is a cycle within itself. Criminology shows different views on how and why
criminal behavior happens. By watching the movie "Boyz in The Hood" we see the crimes take place and show why these events happened. Based off
the information from class and from past theories I formulate my own theories of why crime happens.
The movie Boyz in the Hood is based off ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That's hurts Doughboy and it seems like he is into the streets because that's the only thing that is giving him the attention that he wants and needs.
Doughboy feeds on the attention that he gets from the streets of L.A. It helps him think he is wanted by people that love him. In his mind it's a lost
relationship with his mother because even if he tries to do stay out of jail, try and do right by her she still wouldn't care or even notice that he is trying
to build a mother–son bond between them. So it gets to the point where he seeks and gets revenge on the guys who killed his brother Ricky. And he
doesn't care if their guys come back in retaliation to kill him. There was a quote he said in the movie saying "either they don't know, don't show, or
don't care about what's going on in the hood." He has a good point because the people that do care is either scared to say anything or has never lived
in the ghetto before so they can only go by what other people say that's happening in the streets.

Most people get killed over what is known as the "Code of The Street." In the movie it shows that their code of the street was revenge. They killed
Ricky Doughboy and his friends killed them. It also shows that violence and crime happens all over something petty. In one scene in the movie they
show Ferris walking into Ricky

Theories Of Cultural Criminology
Considered the "new criminology", the cultural and anarchic criminological theory explains how globalization has led to cultural homogeneity. It is a
distinct speculative, procedural, and interventionist approach to the study of crime that places criminality and its control directly in the context of
culture; that is, it observes crime and the agencies and institutions of crime control as cultural products or as creative constructs. So, they must be read
in terms of the meanings they carry. The focus of the field is extensive, including situated and symbolic significance; fabricated social identity;
subcultural study; space, place, and cultural geography; the continuing transformations and fluctuations associated with hypercapitalism; variations of
power, resistance, and state control; existentialism and theories of risk, "edgework," and personified practice. In all this, cultural criminology attempts to
familiarize criminology to contemporary social and cultural changes and thus to imagine a "postmodern" or "late modern" theory of crime and control.
In this regard, cultural criminology is involved in how individuals attempt to resolve certain internal spiritual and emotional conflicts that are
themselves generated by the paradoxes and particularities of modern–day life. Put otherwise, cultural criminology seeks to combine "a phenomenology
of modern crime with a sociocultural analysis of late modern culture" (Hayward 2004, p. 9, cited under Markets, Consumption, and Crime).

Cultural Criminology
Cultural criminology is a branch of critical criminology that focuses on in what way a cultural practice mix with culture as crime, crime as culture;
crime control and reality of crime and its construction by media; and exploration of intellectual politics of criminology and social politics of crime and
culture (Ferrell, 1999, p. 403). Crime control from perspective of cultural criminology is mainly about having power and applying in practical use on
different culture because criminologists suppose culture affects crime and what its aspects are involved. Because a main theme is different beliefs as
criminologists suppose and that beliefs in something different gives a meaning to exist for a group of people, and individuals are recognized within ...
This music is based on a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is vocalized. Rap music is usually associated with black musicians (Andrews, 2014, p.
23). One of lyric's topics when artists create is about an expression of societal ills or obscene topics which is scrutinized by police and in courtroom. The
rap music is criminalized together with its producers – young black men that results in criminalizing black culture and recast them as criminals.
Similarly, a lyric of song is used as evidence in order to prosecute their author (Workneh, 2015) that is seen as the controversial practice comparing to
other music genres that are not criminalised. The political commentators on both sides of political spectrum criticize that rap music promotes opposite
values of the conventional society such as social decay and disobedience of young people to the authority. The social authorities suggest that themes in
hip hop songs promote drugs and violence within hidden context that has an influence on young people and that does affect their moral values. It also
can invoke unwished rebellion to the state authority and undermine community cohesion. The police force often claims that the words of gangster rap
songs can work as an inspiration to commit crime for people who are in the same or similar position as black people. These subcultures share certain
aspects such as

Statement Of Criminology
I'm not going to lie and tell you that I have always known I wanted to study Criminology.
Growing up, I was always confused about what I wanted to do with my career and this concerned me, a lot. There are so many options! But I'm not a
child anymore. I have matured and found myself.
I want to take this course to fulfill my dreams and learn about this mind–blowing subject.
Criminology connects so certain subjects that I'm highly interested in, such as law, biology, andpsychology. I like to research and examine the variety of
behaviors towards a threatening or awkward situation. What makes people hide something they did wrong, related to theft, death, and equivalent
crimes and how do they live with those actions in their consciousness?
Knowing that life offers countless opportunities, why ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Which will be good when times are harder. I intend to never quit. No matter what.
Besides that, I'm a deep and analytical thinker and enjoy to think outside the box. I have realized this on geography classes where we debate and,
usually, my ideas are different from my classmates.
In my free time, I spend an appreciable amount of time reading books, mainly about unsolved mysteries, science fiction, drama and similar genres, for
example, В«The girl on the trainВ» and В«A Verdade da mentiraВ»(the truth of thelie). Along with books, I never missed an episode of my favorite
series such as В«FringeВ» and В«DexterВ». I love reading and watching this type of series so much because I am genuinely curious and a good
observer since I pay attention to details.
On the other hand, during the weekends my family and I go through long walks and connect with nature, it's very relaxing, good to reflect and find
our inner strength. Every once in a while, we wake up at dawn to observe the sunrise at 1.818 meters of altitude, in Pico do Arieiro. This is the best
time to take photographs. It's a breathtaking and unique

Essay on Criminology
Figuring out why people commit crimes is one of the central concerns of criminology. Do most criminals act rationally after weighing the costs of
crime? Is society ever to blame for an individual to commit a crime? Do mental diseases or even genetics factor into whether a person will live a life of
crime. Over the years, many people have developed theories to try to answer these questions. In fact, the number of theories of why people commit
crimes sometimes seems to equal the number of criminologists. I explore these questions and much more in the paper that follow.
The foundation of classical criminology is its central belief that individual criminals engage in a process of rational decision making in choosing how
to commit crime ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a part of this relationship individuals gave up some of their liberties in the interest of the common good, with the purpose of the law being to ensure
that these common interests were met. For Beccaria, this meant that the law should be limited and written down so that people could make decisions
on how to behave. More importantly, punishment was to п¬Ѓt the crime not the individual and was to be certain and swift (Williams & McShane,
2010). Offenders were to be seen as reasonable people with the same capacity for resisting offending behavior as non–offenders. The guiding principle
of the criminal justice process was the presumption of innocence; and in this general framework punishment was to be seen as a deterrent to criminal
behavior. The central concern of the law and the criminal justice process was therefore the prevention of crime through this deterrent function.
Bentham's concern was upon utilitarianism which assumes the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers. He believes that individuals weigh the
probabilities of present and future pleasures against those of present and future pain (Postema, 1998).
It should be noted however that the classical school of thought has had an enduring inп¬‚uence as many legal systems are built on some of its key
precepts. The idea of intent for example, emphasizes the importance of the state of mind of the individual and their capacity for making choices.
Notions of proportionality in relation to punishment are

Positivist Criminology
Just as there are many types of crimes, there are also many explanations for crime. The three frames of reference for explanations of crimes are the
classical criminology approach, the positivist criminology approach, and the behavior of law. The most effective approach to explaining crime is the
positivist approach since uncontrollable factors such as the environment, socialization, and education can make a person more prone to committing
crimes. In positivist criminology, a person commits a crime because outside factors influenced them. For example, a person is more likely to
commit a crime if they live in poverty. In today's society, it is easier for someone to rob or steal rather than to get a job and work for their money.
Not to mention, it is harder for those who live in poverty to get jobs since most employers only want the best of the best working for their company.
Living in poverty can also affect a person's mentality. Trying to figure out how to overcome poverty can be stressful, and this can take a toll on
people's mental health and cause them to commit acts that they wouldn't have committed if they were in their normal state of mind. Another factor that
can influence crime is socialization, which is the process of learning how to properly behave. If someone grew up having a distant relationship with
their parents, they might be more likely to commit a crime. A parent is a child's first and best teacher. A good parent should teach their child right

Theoretical Criminology
A theory from a perspective of theoretical criminology is best defined as "A major interdisciplinary and international journal for the advancement of the
theoretical aspects of criminological knowledge. The journal is committed to renewing general theoretical debate, exploring the interrelation of theory
and data in empirical research and advancing the links between criminological analysis and general social and political theory." (Gorelick 2011). The
development and understanding of theories from different perspectives/fields of specialization are essential for finding a deeper meaning to everyday
life, they give us statements which can be tested for in terms of the theories accuracy and validity. For one researcher to address all perspectives

Crime And Crime : Criminology And Criminology
Crime choice theory, often referred to as environmental criminology or ecological criminology, is a branch of criminology that was supposedly started
by the classical school's Cesare Beccaria. As with many theories, it has evolved with time, but the basics of it have stayed much the same throughout
time. Crime choice theory can relate through other theories such as; routine activity theory, environmental criminology, situational crime prevention
and crime prevention through environmental design. In addition, it has helped to provide explanations as to how, when, and why crime occurs; as
well as provide potential crime prevention strategies. Crime choice theory has had a lasting impact on criminology, and crime theories from its
conception, and continues to impact areas of criminology theory today. Crime choice theory may be called, rational choice theory in some literature,
or is more likely to be called, environmental criminology; due to its "framework for understanding how decisions are made by individuals by weighing
the perceived costs and benefits of an action." (Farrell & Hodgkinson, 2015, p.244) Decisions made by these individuals are influenced by many factors,
including environmental factors, allowing crime choice theory to be called environmental criminology. Rather than trying to find psychological or
biological reasons for criminals to commit or not commit crimes; environmental criminology focuses on more practical and controllable aspects. In
addition, this

Feminist Perspectives On Criminology
In this paper, I will set out to uncover the impact of feminist approaches within criminology. It will demonstrate how these theoretical perspectives have
changed our opinion on women as victims, as well as criminals themselves. By exploration of taboo subjects such as the danger of prostitution looking
into how it can prove problematic for feminism. In addition to the labelling of domestic violence, whilst uncovering a variety of key theorists and
perspectives. Feminism is crucial to the study of criminology as it takes away traditional explanations of crime and uncovers an entirely different
perspective of crime and criminal behaviour. Feminist Criminology contains many different extensions Liberal, Radical, Marxist, Socialist etc.. This ...
In Criminology, altogether makes space for the voices of women. There are different contentions put crosswise over women in the field of
criminology that offer a perspective as to women as criminals or victims of crime (Mallicoat, 2012).
Feminist opinions on prostitution are widely varied, with differing opinions both for and against prostitution. Those opposed to prostitution believe it
to be a form of exploitation of women, it is thought that it makes women appear redundant which in turn keeps male domination intact resulting in an
unfair patriarchal society. It reinforces negative stereotypes of the acceptance of women being sexually objectified for the sexual gratification of men.
Therefore, prostitution is viewed as a crime an act of violence against women of which should be deemed unacceptable in modern day society (O'Neill
and Maggie, 2000). These feminists put forward the notion that entry into prostitution in the majority is not a freedom of choice. It is an entrapment in
which either women in financial difficulty are driven too or they are often victims of human trafficking. Their argument is that no one truly enters into
prostitution through their own free will. Women who enter prostitution do so through desperation to feed an alcohol/drug addiction, or to fill a void of
damage caused by previous sexual abuse or simply because

Eugenic Criminology
It has been suggested that genes inherited play a very important role in persons involved in criminal activity, and that genes effect the thought process
which determines if a individual chooses to become active in criminal activities.
Genes pertains to any living organism chemical make, which is passed from one generation to the next, and effect blood type, eye color, skin color,
and other traits which help classify living organism. The study of Genes, or Genetics is considered a field of biology but is entwined with other sciences
and studies. Certain fields of study focus on the genetic structure of living organisms and the effects that the environment have on genes, while at the
same time, studying the effects of genes in an individual, and the effect on the environment caused by an individual.
In the late 1800s studies were performed on individuals in each generation of a family, focusing on criminal activity of each generation. It was
suggested that criminal activity in families could be passed from one generations to the next, not by teaching, but by genes passed from parent to child,
or through the blood line of a family. This began the development of eugenic criminology which stated the criminality was passed through the blood ...
Some studies show that imbalances or balance of chemicals, and the number of chromosomes cause a person to reflect this imbalance or balance and
act based on the need to balance or to unbalance theses chemicals. Some studies reflect that genes become defective in the mist of being passed down
through generations which effect a person ability to make choices which causes that person to become criminal active. Research and studies show that
a lot of factors are in involved in making the structure of genes, and can be effected by a lot of outside or environmental factors which can change in
each

criminology paper
Strain Theory in Relation to Crime Strain causes people to act against the law, breaking laws to attain their means. Merton's theory on strain and
anomie provides us with reasons for why the offender committed the crime break and enter. Merton's strain theory shows us that the offender
understood the norms of society but could not attain the means of it, he needed money go back to his girlfriend who was out west. Merton's theory
states that an individual who is lacking in social forms is more likely to commit crime due to stress. The offender grew up with many different types
of strain, destine for failure in life when he dropped out of high school. Without a high school education he had a hard time finding a job and had a
strain on... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The disparity between what lower class youth are led to want and what is actually available to them is the source of a major problem of
adjustment. Adolescents who form delinquent subcultures ... have internalized on emphasis upon conventional goals. Faced with limitations on
legitimate avenues of access to these goals, and unable to revise their aspirations downward, they experience intense frustrations; the exportation
of non conformist alternatives ma be the result." (Murphy, Robinson) 2) To reduce crime in a society using Merton's strain theory there must be
equal opportunities for everyone. With equal opportunities there will be no need to commit crimes to gain wealth, as everyone has the same
opportunity to gain wealth. As today more and more people are being hired because they have a certain amount of pull with one company are they
might know that person who can give a good recommendation. Basically there is a need to remove the work politics. There needs to be more
social groups and meetings for people that are struggling to find jobs or those who have lower than normal incomes so crime can be prevented.
Without equal opportunity one will be forced to preclude way to get means illegally. The individual had a loss of attachment with the social world,
also not having any say or direct control like a boss of a company caused him to commit crime. He committed these crimes because he was in a low
social class removed from society. The community did nothing to

Features Of Classical Criminology
"Criminology" is a difficult term to define because it is open to interpretation, some may argue that "criminology" is the scientific study of criminals
and the crimes that they commit. It incorporates numerous disciplines such as law, sociology, history and physiology as well as other disciplines like
victimology which are more focused disciplines within criminology. Sutherland (1939) gives the view that criminology is based around "three great
tributaries" these are: The study of crime, the study of these that commit crime and the study of criminal justice and penal systems. Within this essay
these main criminological elements will be discussed: Classical Criminology,
Classical Criminology mainly occurred because of the violent and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All of which are useful in understanding crime and punishment. Beccaria's main ideology behind classical criminology is the principle that "it's better
to prevent crime then to punish them". In today's modern society this can be achieved by crime prevention theories. Beccaria's main criminological
arguments are: Punishment that criminals receive shouldn't be to excessive because this doesn't always deter individuals from committing crime, and
Beccaria argued that in some cases it actually is likely to increase crime, he also argues that the law shouldn't restrict individuals, as well as that he
argues that the infliction of harm should determine the grievousness of a crime. Beccaria had three fundamental approaches to crime prevention, he
argued that these three fundamental principles were vital in order to reduce crime and decrease the harshness of the judicial system. These principles
are Certainty, celerity, and severity. Certainty is the idea that if punishment is likely to happen, then people will be less likely to commit crimes and
deviant behaviour. Celerity is the idea that the law must be consistent and clear, this is vital within the judicial system because it provides a grounding
and acts a deterrent because it is clear to criminals what will be the repercussions of their criminal actions. Severity within the judicial system means
that the law

Disadvantages Of Green Criminology
Green criminology was first mentioned by Lynch in 1990, and from then has developed as a branch of criminology that focuses on harms against the
environment. The popularity of green criminology has risen over the past 20 years with recognition that concerns about environmental harms and
crimes should have a more prominent place within the field of criminology (Mares, 2010). Despite a consensus among nations, identified by Nurse
(2015), that the environment and natural resources should be protected, green criminology has its critics, with some criminologists not seeing green
crimes and harms as a priority within criminology. This essay will look at the characteristics and approaches of a green criminology, focusing on how
different aspects of green criminology may be an advantage or disadvantage and how they play a part in green criminology's role in society.
The first advantage of a green criminology is that it brings attention to environmental issues, which otherwise may be over looked or down played.
This is important as Agnew (2012) argues that climate change will increase strain, reduce social control and increase social disorganisation. He goes on
to suggest that these circumstances foster beliefs and values favourable to crime as well as affecting opportunities for crime. Also, orthodox criminology
tends to hide crimes of the powerful, whereas green criminology highlights them. Both individuals and corporations cause harms to the environments
with research showing

The Pros And Cons Of Criminology
Over the last three decades, the social changes of late modernity come to impress the criminal justice authorities of the UK and the USA upon on the
crime control and criminal justice (Garland 2001). In response to the specific constraints, pressures or problems, they have had to reorient their practice
and formulate policy through a series of accommodations and adjustments. However, the authorities still have had to face a new and problematic
criminological predicament due to two key social factors 'the normality of high crime rates' and 'the acknowledged limitations of the criminal justice
state' (Garland 2001, p.106). In order to change the confusing circumstances, criminology offers a great deal of interpretations and perspectives that
leads contemporary crime control policy and practice to be governed by contradictory criminologies (Carrabine et al. 2009). David Garland (2001)
represents one of the most sophisticated attempts to make a two–pronged and contradictory response to the collapse of 'penal–welfarism' in crime
control systems across western societies at the end of the 20th century. According to Garland (2001), the 'criminology of penal–welfarism' has been
increasingly superseded by two new criminologies: the 'criminology of the other' and the 'criminology of the self' (Garland 2001, p.138). Although the
'criminology of the other' is regarded as mainstream criminology, the 'criminology of the self' is recently supported by a broad range of theories that
combine

Criminology Theory
The best way to prevent crimes in the community is to have all agencies affected by crime and working to minimize crime coming together, I call this
theory ONE SYSTEM. I believe all theories mentioned in chapter one of our criminology theory book have one common goal, to understand. Are
understanding and research enough to begin the evolution needed to change or have we given up? We will review some of the differentcriminology
theories we reviewed in class, one system, the pros and cons of one system, so a true comparison can be understood would one system truly be effective.
There are so many theories in place to help understand the criminal mind and to help bring change. A very good theory is observational research,
which emphasize being part of the community, and living among the participant in order to better understand. Longitudinal research is also a good
theory because gathering groups with similarities would allow field workers to better study subjects over ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yet, I have to state the factcrime rates dropped in one area but increase in another. The positive side of this is any decrease in crime rate is always a
plus. I believe that dealing with crime on a macro level is good and a quicker approach especially when government funding is involved. Yet micro
level is far more effective. When an exterminator deals with a bug problem, they usually set up a trap one insect takes the bait and takes it back to the
group and the extermination happens rapidly. We even see the spread of disease happen this

Taking into account society today and how crime has influences on the mindsets of the population, I have found myself coming to appreciate that the
Criminal Justice System affects the way people classify crime. Media and social media play a large role in the way our society understands crimes
that are morally wrong; this has led me to an interest in the area of Criminology. At the age of 16, I was determined to take the option of studying at
higher education due to the fact that I felt I knew where I wanted to go in terms of my future. I acknowledged that university could offer me the chance
to study a subject which I am thoroughly attracted to which seems to interests me more than taking a gap year. The way criminals work and the study of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Recently I have been studying information to expand my knowledge as I would like the result of studying to lead me into the profession of a
Criminal Lawyer. I wish to initially study criminology, after finishing my degree I would like to take the option of further study and study a one year
conversion to law. Criminology for me suggests some level of psychology; I am currently reading 'Murder on the mind' – Amanda Howard. This book
entails the introduction into serial killers and crime and explores the case studies of different groups of murderers around the world. I find this book
captivating as after reading the diary entries from some of the criminals in this book such as Mary bell and Javed Iqbal it gives me an insight into
the criminal mind and the study and skill needed in the section of criminology. I feel there would be some specific skills which would support me in
taking this course; a skill which I believe is vital is to communicate efficiently. As a criminologist, I believe it would require communication to pass
information and to discuss. I feel I have this quality and have gained it through working in different environments; for example during February of
2014 I took part in a National Citizen

Strengths Of Criminology
Criminology is the study of crime and behavior. Criminologists study the biological, psychological and social backgrounds of people that commit
crimes. There are quite a few criminal behavior theories that attempt to explain criminals and their criminal behavior. Rational Choice, Psychological,
Social, Biological, Learning, and Critical are of these theories. "Major advances in the fields of biology, genetics, neuroscience, and psychiatry have
shown that many human behaviors are impacted by factors other than social influences. Still the field of Criminology has not incorporated these
biological influences into any mainstream criminological theories, leaving a large divide between theories holding entirely sociological and biological
explanations of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their behavior is influenced by their social environment. Strengths for this theory are better success
with earlier interventions. Weakness for this theory is the inconsideration of genetics.
Biological theory suggests that crime is based on the differences in one's brain. Genetics and mental illness also play a factor. Strengths for this theory
are that it is scientific, it can be conducted repeatedly and tested for reliability. Weakness for this theory is the focus on nature, that suggests that
behavior is caused by genetics.
The Learning theory suggests that crime can be observed and learned by participation. A strength is that because it was learned, it can be unlearned. A
weakness of this theory is that it focuses a lot on nurture, it suggests that "Based on the concepts of the theory it would be possible to reform them,
however it would involve extensive treatment and operant conditioning to reform such engrained beliefs" (Ryan, Vanderlick, & Matthews, 2007)
The Critical theory suggests that crime is committed because of personal choice and societal constraints. A strength of this theory is that . A weakness
is that

My interest in studying criminology stems from a deep–rooted admiration for the law; the way various laws protect our civil liberties; the way police
officers enforce it; the means to which the public can alter the law; but also conversely, the explanations of why people break the law. Is it sociological
or psychological, and is there any way to prevent such a mentality to commit crime, or is it a biological factor which cannot be changed, and therefore
inherent to the individual? That is what deeply fascinates me, the nature vs nurture debate. Studying this subject will help me fulfil a deeper knowledge
and understanding of the causes of crime, how it affects society as a whole, and how various theories of crime pertains to an individual's unique
situation.
To further my knowledge about criminology, I visited Kilmarnock's Sheriff Court to witness how the legal system works. This has not only broadened
my knowledge about the consequences of committing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My time in judo has taught me to become a more confident, well–rounded individual, teaching me the importance of communication with others, and
also how it is a crucial skill in order to move forward with any task you are carrying out. Moreover, becoming a scout group leader has improved my
leadership skills and it has allowed me to work with various individuals in team–building exercises and activities.
Although I have enjoyed my years at secondary school, I believe continuing to further education would benefit me greatly; it will be an experience
which I will remember for the most of my life, and one which I will strive to require the necessary skills and knowledge to achieve my aspiration as a
police officer. I want to enhance my knowledge on the various workings of the criminal mind, the way crime affects society, and why certain
individuals deviate from the conformity of law

Criminology Theories

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