1. International Update: Fast Fashion a Boon or Bane? Perfect Sourcing. (May 31, 2018): Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2018 Athena Information Solution s Pvt. Ltd. http://www.perfectsourcing.net/ Full Text:  The Fashion industry is no stranger to disruption, and it's facing a global reform. Driven by consumer trends, it's now struggling to cope with the Fast Fashion business model it created. In order to remain profitable, the market must now produce multiple, season-less collections on demand and that's no easy task for large and small companies across the globe. with the advent of fast fashion there are new set of challenges to be countered. While the problem of stocks existed before also but the pace, volumes and periodicity is huge as compared to last few years. The recent example is H&M which reported an accumulation of 3.4 billion euros of clothing stock on February 28, 2018, a 7% increase compared to the same date in the previous year. The company's CEO Karl- Johan Persson has announced that due to stock levels being higher than forecast, there will be an increase in markdowns in the second quarter of 2018. Inventory currently accounts for 17.6% of H&M's sales and up to 32.3% of total assets. Persson also explained that the growing volume of stock was related to the need to fill the racks of 220 new stores. Signs of its expanding unsold inventory began emerging last year, when it reported an unexpected quarterly drop in sales. The decline was the first in two decades, a period in which H&M expanded from a lone women's wear store west of Stockholm to a gargantuan network of 4,700 stores around the world. The scale of the problem illustrates H&M's vast size - as one of the world's largest clothing manufacturers, it produces hundreds of millions of items each year. There are so many that a power plant in Vasteras, the town where H&M founded its first store, relies partly on burning defective products the retailer cannot sell to create energy. But while luxury brands have enjoyed a rebound in fortunes in recent months, fueled by millennial appetite and a recovery in demand from the lucrative Chinese market, mass-market companies have had to deal with enormous changes. In the digital era, the challenges around offering trendy apparel before it goes out of style have mounted, particularly as growing numbers of shoppers choose to buy from their smartphones and become more quality conscious. ASOS is an online-only retailer, and Inditex has managed to ramp up its digital sales. But H&M, which also owns brands like Cos, & Other Stories and Arket, has fallen behind the pack. H&M has insisted it has a plan, saying it would slash prices to reduce the stockpile and slow its expansion in stores. It said it hoped its online business would expand 25 percent this year. It's worth remembering that the H&M group, which owns H&M, & Other Stories, Cos and Monki (among others), and is currently launching new brands Arket and Nyden, reported a 44% decrease in its net i.

1. 1.
International Update: Fast Fashion a Boon or Bane?
Perfect Sourcing. (May 31, 2018):
Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2018 Athena Information
Solution
s Pvt. Ltd.
http://www.perfectsourcing.net/
Full Text:
The Fashion industry is no stranger to disruption, and it's facing
a global reform. Driven by consumer trends, it's now struggling
to cope with the Fast Fashion business model it created. In
order to remain profitable, the market must now produce
multiple, season-less collections on demand and that's no easy
task for large and small companies across the globe. with the
advent of fast fashion there are new set of challenges to be
countered. While the problem of stocks existed before also but
the pace, volumes and periodicity is huge as compared to last
few years. The recent example is H&M which reported an
accumulation of 3.4 billion euros of clothing stock on February
28, 2018, a 7% increase compared to the same date in the
previous year.
The company's CEO Karl- Johan Persson has announced that

2. due to stock levels being higher than forecast, there will be an
increase in markdowns in the second quarter of 2018. Inventory
currently accounts for 17.6% of H&M's sales and up to 32.3%
of total assets. Persson also explained that the growing volume
of stock was related to the need to fill the racks of 220 new
stores.
Signs of its expanding unsold inventory began emerging last
year, when it reported an unexpected quarterly drop in sales.
The decline was the first in two decades, a period in
which H&M expanded from a lone women's wear store west of
Stockholm to a gargantuan network of 4,700 stores around the
world.
The scale of the problem illustrates H&M's vast size - as one of
the world's largest clothing manufacturers, it produces hundreds
of millions of items each year. There are so many that a power
plant in Vasteras, the town where H&M founded its first store,
relies partly on burning defective products the retailer cannot
sell to create energy.
But while luxury brands have enjoyed a rebound in fortunes in
recent months, fueled by millennial appetite and a recovery in
demand from the lucrative Chinese market, mass-market
companies have had to deal with enormous changes. In the
digital era, the challenges around offering trendy apparel before
it goes out of style have mounted, particularly as growing
numbers of shoppers choose to buy from their smartphones and

3. become more quality conscious.
ASOS is an online-only retailer, and Inditex has managed to
ramp up its digital sales. But H&M, which also owns brands
like Cos, & Other Stories and Arket, has fallen behind the pack.
H&M has insisted it has a plan, saying it would slash prices to
reduce the stockpile and slow its expansion in stores. It said it
hoped its online business would expand 25 percent this year.
It's worth remembering that the H&M group, which owns H&M,
& Other Stories, Cos and Monki (among others), and is
currently launching new brands Arket and Nyden, reported a
44% decrease in its net income in the first quarter of 2018,
suffering from a drop in sales (-1.7%) and a series of
markdowns. As the group looks to revitalize its operations, it
would appear to be counting on its "new business" division
which includes all brands in its portfolio other than H&M and
saw a 15% increase in turnover in the first quarter.
Moving the stale stock of mostly clothes, accessories and
electronics is likely to lead to bigger discounts and steeper
markdowns, which in turn would reduce chances for a swift
profit rebound for most of the retail chains reported Reuters
recently.
Disappointing sales by some of the biggest retailers including
Target Corp (TGT.N), Macy's Inc (M.N), JC Penney (JCP.N)
and Kohl's Corp (KSS.N) are likely to lead to even more
promotions and discounts to woo customers. According to a

4. report by analytics firm Dynamic Action, retailers sold 4%
fewer items at full price in the first quarter than a year ago,
while the percentage of promotional products ordered online
jumped 63%.
Right now retailers have started cutting back on deliveries for
the third and fourth quarter; which would leave them with less
products for selling by the end of the year, when most retailers
make as much as 40% of their annual sales.
The world's largest retailer, Wal- Mart Stores Inc (WMT.N),
bucked the trend and posted surprisingly higher sales as lower-
income consumers spent more. That should mean Wal-Mart sold
much of the stock earmarked for the quarter, easing the pressure
to offer steep promotions and discounts, analysts said.
Other bright spots included home improvement chains like
Home Depot (HD.N) and Lowe's Companies Inc (LOW.N),
which have benefited from a housing recovery; and off-price
apparel retailers like TJX Cos (TJX.N), which offer low-priced
branded apparel and accessories.
Off-price chains such as Ross Stores Inc (ROST.O) and
Burlington Coat Factory had been a negligible force in the
industry until a few years ago. But as consumers try to get more
bang for their buck, chains that offer quality branded goods at
lower prices have become increasingly popular.
Copyright 2018 SAINA MEDIA, distributed by Contify.com
Source Citation (MLA 8th Edition)

5. "International Update: Fast Fashion a Boon or Bane?" Perfect
Sourcing, 31 May 2018. Business
Collection, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A541127885/IT
BC?u=udel_main&sid=ITBC&xid=44736bf1. Accessed 6 Mar.
2019.
2.
Global protests demand H&M supply chain wage action
just-style.com. (Nov. 23, 2018):
Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2018 Aroq Limited
http://aroq.com/
Full Text:
Byline: Michelle Russell
Activists and workers are preparing for a week of global
protests to demand Swedish fashion retailer Hennes & Mauritz
(H&M) pays living wages and ensures fair employment
conditions are implemented for its supply chain workers.
The move comes as retailers gear up for the end-of-year festive
shopping season. The protests are expected to take place from
Delhi to London, from Washington DC to Zagreb, according to
Clean Clothes Campaign (CCC), drawing attention to H&M's
"broken commitment that 850,000 garment workers would be
paid a living wage by this year".
"H&M's current business model is squeezing workers at

6. different levels of the supply chain" says Deborah Lucchetti,
spokeswoman of Campagna Abiti Puliti (Clean Clothes
Campaign Italy). "But seamstresses in garment factories,
packers at logistic hubs and employees in retail shops all have
the right to living wages and fair employment conditions. Today
we join hands with H&M retail trade unionists to bring our joint
demands to the heart of Milan."
The protests form the newest chapter of the 'Turn
Around, H&M!' campaign. From today, running through to 30
November, a series of street actions will take place, kicking off
in London, Madrid and Milan, spreading to at least 30 more
cities over the next days, CCC says.
"All activities aim to ensure that H&M cannot hide from
scrutiny based on the specific and time-bound commitment
that H&M has evidently turned its back on, while making
deceptive claims of having exceeded its goals," adds Neva
Nahtigal of Clean Clothes Campaign International office.
"Anyone can do that if they also claim the right to move the
goal post as they see fit, but we will not let that hypocrisy go
unnoticed."
The alliance says this latest move follows the publication of
research findings about the situation in six factories, which
were covered by H&M's 2013 commitment.
"Workers revealed that H&M was nowhere near the payment of
a living wage at its supplier factories - to the contrary, many

7. workers reported poverty wages and labour rights violations,"
says Bettina Musiolek of Clean Clothes Campaign who
coordinated the research. "We have every reason to believe that
those findings reflect the broader reality: H&M took a lot of
credit for its original commitment but has failed to deliver in
the form of an actual living wage materializing in workers'
wallets."
A spokesperson for H&M said in a statement: "We want all
garment workers to earn a Fair Living Wage, which is why we
are continuing to work closely with industry stakeholders and
partners to agree how to achieve a sustainable change.
"We are pleased that the work we do at factory level within our
Fair Living Wage strategy has grown to reach 655 factories
employing more than 930,000 workers. In December we will
present our next update on our progress towards our Fair Living
Wage goals."
This article was originally published on just-style.com on 23
November 2018. For authoritative and timely style business
information visit http://www.just-style.com.
Source Citation (MLA 8th Edition)
"Global protests demand H&M supply chain wage action." just-
style.com, 23 Nov. 2018. Business
Collection, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A569942315/IT
BC?u=udel_main&sid=ITBC&xid=cac9e2c4. Accessed 6 Mar.
2019.

8. Page 1“Th e Heart of the Problem” by Garner and Ree
NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN
SCIENCE
Part I – Emergency
Mrs. Helms came in through the front door of her house with an
armful of groceries. She put the bag down on the
kitchen counter and called to her husband. “Herb, I’m home!
Are you ready for lunch?” She didn’t get an answer,
so she walked to the living room and found Mr. Helms lying on
the fl oor. “Herb! Are you okay?” she asked as she
grabbed his shoulder. Mr. Helms responded weakly while
clutching his chest. Mrs. Helms frantically called 911. It
only took EMS a few minutes to arrive and the paramedics
transported Mr. Helms to the hospital. Upon admission to
the hospital, Mr. Helms’ vital signs were recorded as follows:
Mr. Helms Normal
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 90 120
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 52 80

9. Oral temperature (°F) 98.9 97.8 to 99.1
Heart rate (beats per minute) 120, irregular 60–80
Respiratory rate (breaths per minute) 33, labored 12 to 20
Oxygen saturation 89% 95–100%
Questions
1. Which of Mr. Helms’ vital signs and lab values were
abnormal?
2. What additional medical tests would you order for Mr.
Helms? In other words, what other information would
be useful?
From Heart Attack to Kidney FailureFrom Heart Attack to
Kidney Failure
by
Kristine A. Garner and Brandy C. Ree
Department of Biological Sciences
University of Arkansas – Fort Smith
The Heart of the Problem:The Heart of the Problem:
NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN

10. SCIENCE
Page 2“Th e Heart of the Problem” by Garner and Ree
Part II – Cardiac Involvement
Mr. Helms was admitted to the hospital with chest pains and
shortness of breath. His wife was panicked since her 72
year-old husband had a history of heart disease. After
examination and an echocardiogram, Dr. Collins spoke with
Mrs. Helms. “I’m very sorry, but your husband has had another
heart attack resulting in valve failure. A papillary
muscle that controls a valve in his heart has been severely
damaged and is no longer working.”
Questions
1. What is the purpose of blood fl ow?
2. Describe blood fl ow through the heart starting with blood
entering the right side of the heart and including all
chambers and valves.
3. What is the function of heart valves?
4. What is the function of papillary muscles?

11. 5. Which valve is aff ected with damage to the papillary muscle
in the left ventricle?
NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN
SCIENCE
Page 3“Th e Heart of the Problem” by Garner and Ree
Part III – Cardiovascular Involvement
Dr. Collins called Nurse Nan from the patient’s room and confi
ded, “Mr. Helms is in bad shape. His left
posteromedial papillary muscle was damaged from his heart
attack. Th e papillary muscle is no longer able to maintain
closure of the valve, and this has resulted in mitral valve
prolapse. With decreasing cardiac output, this patient is in for
a fi ght for his life.” Nurse Nan knew that maintaining cardiac
output was necessary for adequate blood fl ow through
the body. As Dr. Collins walked away, Nurse Nan composed
herself to tell Mrs. Helms the bad news and returned
to the patient’s room. Nurse Nan explained to Mrs. Helms that
her husband had left-sided heart failure and that his
blood pressure was slowly and steadily decreasing.

12. Questions
1. In general, how is the direction of blood fl ow disrupted
because of mitral valve prolapse?
2. Does the mitral valve prolapse increase, decrease, or not
change stroke volume (the amount of blood exiting the
ventricle with each ventricular contraction)?
3. How does mitral valve prolapse decrease cardiac output (the
amount of blood exiting the ventricle per minute)?
4. Explain how cardiac output determines blood pressure.
5. Why is Mr. Helms’ heart rate higher than normal?
NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN
SCIENCE
Page 4“Th e Heart of the Problem” by Garner and Ree
Part IV – Pulmonary Involvement
Mrs. Helms was very upset with the news of her husband’s
condition. As the day progressed, she noticed that Mr.

13. Helm’s breathing was increasingly diffi cult. He could barely
speak without losing his breath. Mrs. Helms called the
nurse to her husband’s room. “My husband can’t breathe! What
is wrong? I thought he had a heart attack not a
respiratory condition!” Nurse Nan auscultated the patient’s
chest listening to Mr. Helms’ respirations, which were
rapid and wet, producing rales or crackling sounds. Nurse Nan
calmly informed Mrs. Helms, “I’m sorry. Your
husband’s condition is worsening. Th e damage to his heart is
causing his respiratory problems.”
Questions
1. Th e left side of the heart receives blood from which part of
the body?
2. If the bicuspid (mitral) valve is not fully closing, does
pulmonary circulation increase, decrease, or not change?
3. Does pulmonary blood pressure increase or decrease with
left-sided heart failure? Explain.
4. Does this change in pulmonary blood pressure increase or
decrease capillary fi ltration in the lungs? Explain.
5. How does change in pulmonary blood pressure and capillary

14. fi ltration cause Mr. Helms’ rales (wet breath sounds)?
6. Why is Mr. Helms breathing rapidly?
NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN
SCIENCE
Page 5“Th e Heart of the Problem” by Garner and Ree
Part V – Renal Involvement
Th e next morning when Nurse Nan started her shift, she
immediately checked on Mr. Helms. His cardiovascular and
respiratory conditions were still deteriorating, but Nurse Nan
discovered something new. Mr. Helms’ urine output was
almost nonexistent. Nurse Nan informed Dr. Collins, who was
gravely concerned. Dr. Collins met with Mrs. Helms
to tell her that her husband could not survive kidney failure.
Mrs. Helms looked shocked. She then became very upset
and angry. “What did you do, Dr. Collins? My husband had a
heart attack, but his kidneys were fi ne; he’s never had
a kidney problem! How could you let this happen?” Nurse Nan
put her arm around Mrs. Helms’ shoulders and Dr.
Collins handed her a tissue. Dr. Collins explained, “Th e

15. damage to your husband’s heart is very serious. Th e kidneys
rely on blood pressure to work and his heart failure is causing
the kidney failure.”
Questions
1. What are the functions of the kidneys?
2. What is the force that causes the fi ltration of the blood by
capillaries in the kidneys to occur?
3. Does left-sided heart failure increase, decrease, or not aff ect
kidney fi ltration? Explain.
NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN
SCIENCE
Page 6“Th e Heart of the Problem” by Garner and Ree
•
Case copyright held by the National Center for Case Study
Teaching in Science, University at Buff alo, State University of
New York. Originally

16. published December 8, 2015. Please see our usage guidelines,
which outline our policy concerning permissible reproduction of
this work.
Licensed photo in title block © Win Nondakowit | Fotolia, id
67898135.
Part VI – Resolution
Dr. Collins rushed Mr. Helms into surgery for valve
replacement. Mrs. Helms waited anxiously in the waiting area
for
family for hours until she saw Nurse Nan coming toward her
with a big smile. “Your husband is in the recovery room.
He’s going to be just fi ne.” Mrs. Helms sighed with relief and
gave Nurse Nan a big hug.
Questions
1. How would you expect Mr. Helms’ vital signs and respiratory
and kidney functions to change after valve
replacement surgery? Explain.
2. Now that you are familiar with left-sided heart failure,
describe blood fl ow with right-sided heart failure.
3. What are some possible causes of right-sided heart failure?

17. 4. What symptoms could be expected with right-sided heart
failure?
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