2nd and 3rd September 2011,a General Lecture Theatre, Dr Chirantan Mandal, Dr Avik Basu, Dr Dipayan Sen Dr Ushnish Adhikari,Dr Srimanti Bhattacharya, Dr Shubham Presided by Dr Arnab Sengupta (Physiology Dept Medical College Kolkata)

1. EXERCISE AND SPORTS IN WOMEN BY SHREEMANTI BHATTACHARYYA 3RD YEAR STUDENT MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, KOLKATA.

2. The myth

3. Myth of the“stronger sex”and“the weaker sex” Women’s sport as reflected in the medical discourse

4. Physiological differences between male and female athletes

5. Fat storage Muscle mass Muscle strength Endurance Thermoregulation

7. Cardiovascular response

8. LV end diastolic cavity dimensions

9. Distribution of maximum lv wall thickness in 738 male athletes and 600 female athletes

10. Relative impact of different sports on LV cavity dimensions

11. Metabolic differences between male and female athletes

12. Basal metabolic rate Active young woman-2400kcal/d Active young man-3000 to 3200kcal/d BMR when calculated in terms of lean muscle mass the difference disappears.

13. Oxygen uptake Women have 10-15% less Hb/100ml of blood. Men have higher levels of arterial-venous oxygen difference Blood Lactate Levels Women and girls reach elevated venous blood lactate levels at a lower absolute workload. Fat metabolism Women cannot mobilize or utilize fat from adipose tissue better than men.

15. Athletic disorders specific to women

16. Female athlete triad Exercise Effects Energy Drain Eating Disorders Mental Stress Hypothalamic Dysfunction GnRH FSH & LH Oestradiol Progesterone Infertility (temporary) Genetic Factors Reproductive Immaturity Delayed Menarche Short Luteal Phase/Anovulation Oligo/Amenorrhoea Reduced Bone Mass Stress Fractures

17. Bone mineral Density of the lumber spine and lower limb

18. Nutrition and the active woman

22. The pregnant athlete

25. Conclusion As more women undertake serious conditioning and training and gain in international experience, many former “barriers” will fall by the wayside and many “limits” will be exceeded.