4. SIGNIFICANCE OF OPERATIONAL
DEFINITION
FUNDEMENTAL ATTRIBUTES OF ACONCEPTS/
VARIABLES UNDER STUDY
MEASUREMENT OF THE CONCEPTS AND ITS
CHARACTERISTICS IN WHOLE.
5. TOOL TO ENERGIZE THE RESEARCHER TO
FOCUS ON OBSERVATION OR MEASUREMENT
OF VARIABLE OF INTEREST
6. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
IS AN ACTIVE STATEMENT WHICH DESCRIBES
WHAT IS TO BE ACHIVED BY THE STUDY AND
HOW THE STUDY IS GOING TO ANSWER THE
SPECIFIC RESEARCH QUESTION.
8. CONT:
It is a concrete statement describing what the
research trying to achieve
It should be feasible, logical , observable, and
measurable.
Obtaining answer to research question or testing
the hypothesis.
9. TYPES OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
General objectives: main objectives of the research
study. Focused on broad outcomes a researcher
has to achieve at the end of the study.
10. Specific objectives: its prepared on the basis of
general objectives and is usually short term goal
oriented.
Specific objectives merge together to make a
general objectives.
11.
12. WRITING RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
Should be clear, concise and written in declarative
format.
Should be written in present tense.
Use appropriative action verb makes the objectives
realistic and achievable.
13. CONT:
Well written objective should be specific to a
variable.
Should be omit the words that are repetitively used
in objective statement. ie,of ,an,is among etc
Written in measurable format.
14.
15. ASSUMPTIONS
Are those principles which are accepted to be true
but without empirical evidence or proof.
Defined as the statement that are taken granted or
are considered true without any empirical
evidences or any scientific testing.
16. TYPES OF ASSUMPTIONS
Universal assumption: There are belief that
assumed to be true by a large part of society or
universe.
Assumptions based on theories: Based on some
theory finding we have assume that it is true.
17. Methodological assumption: methodological
assumption to conduct thestudy.
Eg : self structured knowlwdge questionnaire can
assess the knowlwdge regarding universal precautions
among staff nurses.
o Warranted assumption: it states along with the
proof or evidences to support.
o Eg : exercise can reduce the weight.
19. TYPE I ERROR AND TYPE II ERROR
Type I error:
The rejection of a null hypothesis that is actually true,
i.e, saying an intervention is effective when it is
acutually not.
20. Type II error
The acceptance of null hypothesis that is actually false,
i.e, saying an intervention is ineffective when it actually
is.
21. LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE( )
Is usually a set by researcher in view of the serious
consequences that might arise on account of
making a mistake in accepting a false research
hypothesis.
p
22. It is set at .05 or .01 , it means that researcher is
willing to risk being wrong to the extend of 5% or
1%
Researcher tells that there is 5 chances in 100 or 1
chance in 100 of making a mistake in accepting
research hypothesis when it is actually false.