The document provides an overview of the review of literature (ROL) process. It defines ROL as the systematic presentation of relevant references and findings on a research topic. The purposes of ROL are to identify the current state of knowledge, focus the research topic, avoid duplicating previous work, and determine the appropriate research design. Sources of information for ROL include primary sources, secondary sources, print sources like journals and books, and electronic sources like databases and websites. The stages of ROL are selecting a topic, searching and analyzing literature, and writing the review. Criteria for selecting sources include relevance to the topic and publication date.

1. REVIEWOF Literature

2. INTRODUCTION ROL :-
Review of Literature (ROL) is a systematic
way of presentation of relevant references
along with brief findings in the specific
juncture for the proposed study or
research proposal.
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3. DEFINITION
• It refers to the activities involved in
searching for information on a topic and
developing a comprehensive picture of
the state as knowledge on that topic.
-Polit & Hungler
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4. PURPOSES OF ROL :-
• To get research ideas and to focus on a
research topic.
• To identify topic and area of research.
• To avoid reinventing the wheel
• To identify other people working in the
same fields
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5. Contd..
• To increase your breadth of knowledge of
your subject area
• To identify information and ideas that may
be relevant to your project
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6. Contd..
• To be able to determine an appropriate
research design, sampling technique,
sample size, data collection instrument,
data analysis and interpretation technique.
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7. OBJECTIVE
• Discover unanswered questions about
subject concepts or problems.
• Describe the strength and weakness of
designs, methods and instruments used
in earlier works.
• Discover conceptual traditions used to
examine problems.
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8. Contd..
• Determine the appropriate research
design / method for answering research
question.
• Determine the need for replication of
well designed study or refinements of a
study.
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9. RELATIONSHIP OF THE REVIEW OF THE
LITERATURE TO THEORY, RESEARCH,
EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE.
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10. Contd..
• The review of the literature as a
concept essential to the growth of
nursing theory, research, education,
and practice.
• In turn, knowledge, generated from
theorists, researchers, educators, and
practitioners, builds the literature
through scholarly publications and
presentations.
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11. Contd..
• Uncovers new knowledge that can lead
to the development, validation, or
refinement of theories.
• Reveals appropriate research questions
for the discipline.
• Provides the latest knowledge for
education.
• Supplies practices with new knowledge,
especially as research-based nursing
interventions.
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12. SOURCES OF ROL :-
i. Primary sources
ii. Secondary sources
iii. Print sources
iv. Electronic sources
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13. i. Primary sources: Research study is
written by original investigator(s).
ii. Secondary Sources: Research study
written by someone other than the study
investigator(s).
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14. Print Sources
Print literature sources are following:
• Books on research
• Journal and magazines
• Research Thesis
• Research Dissertation
• Research Abstracts
• Research Reports
• News Letters
• Official Records etc.
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15. Print sources:
Abstract
Indexes:
• CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing
& Allied Health Literature) published
monthly. It indexes 300 nursing and allied
health journals.
Indexes
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16. • Index Medicus- It is the biomedical index
where about 2000 journals are indexed.
• Nursing Studies Index- It is an annotated
guide to research report.
• International Nursing Index
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17. Nursing Journals:
• Nightingale Times
• Journal of Advance Nursing
• International Journal of Nursing Studies
• Journal of Clinical Nursing
• American Nurses Association, etc.
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18.  Abstracts:
• Nursing Research Abstracts
• Psychological Abstracts
• Dissertation Abstracts International
• Masters Abstracts International
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19. iv Electronic Sources:
• Internet
• The world wide website
• The e-mail address
• CD- ROMs
• Online Bibliographic Databases
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20. Online Bibliographic Databases:
• CINAHL(Cumulative Index to Nursing
and Allied Health Sciences)
• Ovid website: (www.ovid.com)
• e-mail address: webmaster@ovid.com
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21. • CINAHL Plus with Full Text
• Registry of Nursing Research
(www.nursinglibrary.org.) free access
• MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and
Retrieval system Online) MEDLINE also
available through the NLM homepage at
(www.nlm.nih.gov) can be search for free
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22. • OLDMEDLINE : NLM plans to continue
adding older citation from its print indexes
to PubMed.
• Medline Plus available at
(http://medlineplus.gov/.)
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23. • PsycINFO:- The PsycINFO corresponds
to the print Psychological Abstracts.
(www.psychinfo.com.)
• Online Journals:- available both in print
and online. Online journals often called
e-journals, Online magazines are called
e-magazines.
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24. Free Online Journals:-
• Internet Journal of Advanced Nursing
Practice
(www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFileP
ath=journals/ijanp/front.xml)
• Journal of Undergraduate Nursing
Scholarship (juns.nursing.arizona.edu)
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25. • Online journals of Issues in Nursing
(www.nursingworld.org/ojin)
• Online journals of Nursing Informatics
(www.eaa-knowledge.com/ojni#)
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26. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
OF RESOURCES FOR ROL:-
• Key words for searching Literature Review.
• Material closely related to the topic.
• Not a record of what you have read.
• If there are many similar studies with similar
findings, you choose a representative one to
discuss and cite the others.
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27. STEPS IN ROL :-
Selecting a review topic
Selecting the literature
Gathering, reading and analyzing the
literature
Writing the review
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28. At the end of your
ROL the reader
must have only
one thought in
their mind, that
this Research
question must be
answered
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29. CITATION & PLAGIARISM:
• Citation: Use the past or present perfect
tense when describe the earlier research.
• Plagiarism: use some one’s words, ideas
or information without referencing them, i.e.
presenting them as your own.
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30. HOW TO WRITE ROL:-
Study design
Author
Aim
Year
Place
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31. Sample
Sampling technique
Tool
Result
Conclusion
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32. STAGES OF LITERATURE
REVIEW
Step I Tracking down materials
Starting Point
• Ask your guide for some key work
• Read a general text
• Get a recent review article and work
backward
• Look at a related thesis/research paper
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33. Contd..
Resources
• Bibliographies
• WWW
• Abstracts and journal articles
• Library catalogues, Index Medicus
• Journal indexes
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34. Contd..
Selection Focus
• Closely related to your area
• Recent work
• Respected work
• One that gives a balanced view
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35. Step – II Reading critically
and taking notes
• Keep meticulous bibliographic records
• Read with an objective
• Evaluate what your read
• Relate each text to what you have read
before
• Draw your own conclusions
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36. Step – III Planning and drafting
your literature review.
• Draw up several plans and discuss
before writing.
• Identify thread/pattern Coherent pieces
of work.
• Write a small section for each subtopic
and then join up.
• Conclude each section with an author
whose work is of key importance to
your study.
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37. Writing drafts
• Expect and accept that rewriting and
modifying drafts is a normal process.
• Decide to enjoy the writing.
• What ever the idea you have in mind,
unless you write it down, its
imperfections cannot come out.
• Shows drafts to your guide/ others
before modifying them.
• Avoid unclear language and spelling
mistakes.
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38. Step IV Editing your
Literature review:
Check Content
• Is it broad enough and focused enough?
• Have you represented several points of
view?
Check Structure
• It is organized according to issuers
• Is there continuity
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39. Contd..
Check Presentation
• Is there a flow of thought
• Is it logical
Check Language
• Clear, concise and unambiguous
• Easy to read
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40. TIPS TO LOCATE
LITERATURE
• Search for relevant and most recent
and current studies and researches.
• Ask for catalog or dissertation at
library.
• Ask for recently published/ presented
studies
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41. Contd..
• How old and current literature is
required will depend on type of study
e.g., for historical study oldest
document are required.
• End of the article, report and chapter
hash reference, do refer them.
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42. Contd..
• If taking notes think broadly, keeping
keywords in mind (problem area and
objectives).
• Make a separate notebook and arrange
it in alphabetically/tabular form.
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43. EXAMPLE OF ROL :-
A Study To Assess The Knowledge
and Practices Regarding
Rehabilitation of Breast Cancer
Patients Who Have Undergone
Mastectomy
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44. • Literature related to knowledge of
Breast Cancer and its treatment
• Literature related to post mastectomy
complications
• Literature related to different aspects
of rehabilitation after mastectomy
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45.  A experimental study was done by
Cho.Oh., to investigate the effect of
comprehensive rehabilitation program
on physical function, immune response,
fatigue, and quality of life, in
mastectomy (In 2003, at Japan).
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46. The samples were 55; 27 in control group
and 28 in experimental group. Purposive
sampling technique was used. The result
was that the experimental group
participated in comprehensive
rehabilitation program for 10 weeks,
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47. with one session for peer support group
activity per week. The results revealed that
shoulder extension and abduction of
healthy upper extremity, increases quality
of life and decreases fatigue.
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48. The study concluded that the benefits were
significantly higher in the experimental group
than control group. The 10 weeks
rehabilitation program showed a large
affirmative effect on physical function, fatigue
& quality of life, of breast cancer patients after
mastectomy.
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49. CONCLUSION
The Literature Review is one of the most
essential and complex activities in the
process of research.
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50. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chowdhury, Sunanda S. Roy.(2010). Text Book Of
Nursing Research, Edition Ist, Publisher Kumar: Delhi,
85- 88
Grove, Nancy Burns and Susan k.(2008).
Understanding Nursing Research, Edition 4rth, Publisher
Elsevier: St.Louis,Missouri, 136,147
Nieswadomy, Rose Marie. (2009). Foundation of
Nursing Research, Edition 5th, Publisher Pearson
Education 88-90
Internet
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/literature
http://www.slideshare.net/ssmunnolli/nursing
literature-search-review
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51. THANK Q
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