2. EARLY CONTROL THEORY
Low personal control, weak, stake in conformity, and low familial
and community controls causes misbehavior. Forces push people
away from conventional society or pull them toward misbehavior.
3. Social pressure include
poor living conditions,
minority group status, poor
lifestyle opportunities.
KEY CONCEPTS
4. • Biological and Psychological
pushes such as inner tension,
hostility, aggression.
• Social- pulls keep individuals
from acceptable behavior
such as criminal and
delinquent subcultures or bad
companions.
5. • Rebellion against authority
challenge authority through
unacceptable
behavior/norms.
6. The social bond curbs the
natural propensity for
misbehavior; when any bond
element weakens crime results.
SOCIAL BOND THEORY
(SOCIAL CONTROLS)
7. • Humans possess a natural
tendency to engage in
hedonistic/self-serving
pursuits; bond provides
social glue that holds
society together.
8. KEY CONCEPTS
• Social bond is the sum total
of the forces in a person’s
social and physical
environment that connects
him/her to society and its
moral constraints.
9. • Attachment, affection for
sensitivity to social group
members; needed to
internalize norms and
values.
10. • Commitment is a
investment in
conventional norms and
rules (time, money, effort,
and status).
12. A person whose parents fail
to provide sufficient parental
management and oversight
develop low self-control and
engage in crime and analogous
behavior.
SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY
13. Low self control individuals
meet their personal needs in a
manner that conflicts with
community rules.
Parental management
influences an individuals choices
when faced with an opportunity
for immediate gain.
KEY CONCEPTS
14. Public Policy implications of
poor social bonding and parental
management.
Law enforcement practices
Judicial practices in family
court
APPLYING CONTROL
THEORY
15. Low self concept does not
result in criminality. Other
factors such as peer groups
association. Delinquency fosters
high self control, peers generate
self confidence.
ASSESSING CONTROL
THEORY
People age out of crime.
Impulsivity is found in all groups
of people not just criminals.
16. Acceptance of moral values
is more significant.
Juveniles are more likely to be
processed from a broken family
rather than a broken family
causing delinquency issues.
ASSESSING SOCIAL BOND
THEORY
17. • Family relationships are more
significant than broken
homes. Internal patterns of
interaction also influences
delinquency. Lastly, direct and
indirect controls influence
delinquency.
18. Control theories take the opposite approach from other theories
in criminology. As their starting point, instead of asking what drives
people to commit crime, they ask why do most people not commit
crime. Control theorists generally argue that there is no problem
explaining why people commit crime since all human beings suffer
from innate human weaknesses which make them unable to resist
temptation. They focus on restraining or "controlling" factors that are
broken or missing inside the personalities of criminals.
CONCLUSION
19. Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley: Univ. of Ca
Press.
Hirschi, T. (1983). "Crime and the Family" in J. Wilson (ed.)
Crime and Public Policy. San Francisco:ICS.
Hirschi, T. & M. Gottfredson. (1986). "The Distinction Between
Crime and Criminality". In Critique and Explanation: Essays in
Honor of Gwynne Nettler, edited by T. Hartnagel & R. Silverman
(pp. 44-69). NJ:Transaction.
Patterson, G. (1982). Coercive Family Process. Eugene: Castalia.
REFERENCES
