2.  Images, actions, and messages that “affirm the
assumed superiority of the White race and the
assumed inferiority of people of color” (Tatum
388).
 The key defining characteristic of racism is
POWER (388).

3. A. Transmitted culturally (music, movies, television,
advertising, education, consumerism)
B. Transmitted individually
C. What has NOT been said, what people have NOT been
exposed to
 What representations of people of color are still missing in the
media?
 How many times have affirming or positive messages been sent
to you about people of color?

4. A. Cultural Transmission
Arab-Americans figured
as taxi drivers and gas
station operators or, at
worst, religious
extremists.
Black men figured
primarily as rappers,
athletes, or criminals
Vogue cover, figuring LeBron James in a King-Kong-like pose with white model, which draws from a
long history of hypersexualization of black men and their threat to white women’s purity.

5. B. Individual transmission
How do family members speak of other races?
How do other students or co-workers “joke” or make use of
racial stereotypes?
C. What has NOT been said, what people have NOT
been exposed to
What representations of people of color are still missing in the
media?
How many times have affirming or positive messages been sent
to you about people of color?

6. 1. Internalized Racism: members of stereotyped group
develop/follow categorizations. In other words, one “buys into”
the stereotype and then fulfills it.
2. Institutional racism: various patterns of racism perpetuated by
our institutions; how do institutions create situations where racial
groups have fewer resources and options? This is what McIntosh
calls “invisible systems conferring unsought racial dominance”
3. Intra-racism: racism within a culture, where privilege is given
based on “levels” of blackness (i.e. light-skinnedover dark-
skinned).

7.  Prejudice: a preconceived judgment or opinion,
usually based on limited information (387)
A. Prejudice is transmitted in the same ways
as racism.
B. Prejudice is distinguished from racism
because it does not confer power or privilege,
especially in the long-term sense.
C. Anyone can be prejudiced, but people of
color cannot be racist.

8. What Is It?
Unearned benefits, rights, and advantages that one
receives because of one’s race
How Does It Work?
1. Because it’s invisible to those who enjoy it, white
privilege grants white people permission to ignore
race and thus oppress others.
2. It is enjoyed and experienced, most often,
unconsciously.
Why Is It Useful (to Whites)?
It reinforces theory of meritocracy, which is the idea
that good things happen to those who deserve it, work
hard,“play by the rules,” etc.