Read from Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, Lester & Lester on the outline (read right now).  Also, read additional description of citing periodicals as described below. Outline and summarize an article from a periodical, preferably a journal. Projects: Complete an outline and draft of a summary of an article.  Visit the "Discussions" and comment on one other summary.   Turn in an outline and final draft of an article, including a “Works Cited” page, to your instructor. Length:  1.5-2 pages.  Include your outline, which does not count toward the page count. Important: Include a copy of one of the articles with your analysis. You can do this by cutting and pasting the article into a Word file or printing a copy. Objectives: By the end of the unit, students will be able to:  Find an appropriate article with useable, valuable information for research. Identify a published author’s organization in a formal outline. Write a clear outline showing the organization of a published source. Select and condense an author’s important points in one’s own words. Avoid plagiarism by substantial paraphrasing. Sustain a convincing, objective tone in one’s own writing. Avoid passive verb construction by using active voice in one’s own writing. Conclude a summary with an even more condensed abstract of information one has discovered through research. Use a formal “Works Cited” page. Summarizing – the Continual Process:  Though summarizing sounds like a boring and predictable pastime, it is one of the keys to successful research.  In addition, because everyone summarizes differently, we cannot take it for granted. You will need to find an article in a periodical that is about some aspect of your topic.  (It may or may not be an article that you will actually use and cite in your final research paper.)  To summarize an entire article, begin by finding the author's organization.  This will allow you to quickly go back and fill in the important points and write a summary of the article.  When summarizing, your own opinion is not necessary.  You are selecting what you think the author focused on when writing the article.  You need to condense the important points on one typewritten, double-spaced page.  For the purposes of research, summarizing does not mean to leave out specifics.  In fact, well-chosen specific details can create the strongest summaries by supplying those details that are most important to larger ideas or events. The most helpful first step will be breaking down the article into a coherent outline form.  Review the section on outlining in the text.  Putting the article in outline form will help to avoid merely recopying or plagiarizing an article.  When you are satisfied that your outline is complete, use it as a fairly strict guide to write your paper.  The purpose is to retell the article from the journal so that the reader can read your paper and know the important points in the article.  However, you have to use your own language, w ...

1. Read from Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, Lester
& Lester on the outline (read right now). Also, read additional
description of citing periodicals as described below.
Outline and summarize an article from a periodical, preferably a
journal.
Projects:
Complete an outline and draft of a summary of an article. Visit
the "Discussions" and comment on one other summary.
Turn in an outline and final draft of an article, including a
“Works Cited” page, to your instructor.
Length: 1.5-2 pages. Include your outline, which
does not count toward the page count.
Important: Include a copy of one of the articles with your
analysis. You can do this by cutting and pasting the article into
a Word file or printing a copy.
Objectives:
By the end of the unit, students will be able to:
Find an appropriate article with useable, valuable information
for research.
Identify a published author’s organization in a formal outline.
Write a clear outline showing the organization of a published
source.
Select and condense an author’s important points in one’s own
words.
Avoid plagiarism by substantial paraphrasing.
Sustain a convincing, objective tone in one’s own writing.
Avoid passive verb construction by using active voice in one’s
own writing.
Conclude a summary with an even more condensed abstract of
information one has discovered through research.
Use a formal “Works Cited” page.
Summarizing – the Continual Process: Though summarizing
sounds like a boring and predictable pastime, it is one of the

2. keys to successful research. In addition, because everyone
summarizes differently, we cannot take it for granted.
You will need to find an article in a periodical that is about
some aspect of your topic. (It may or may not be an article that
you will actually use and cite in your final research paper.)
To summarize an entire article, begin by finding the author's
organization. This will allow you to quickly go back and fill in
the important points and write a summary of the article. When
summarizing, your own opinion is not necessary. You are
selecting what you think the author focused on when writing the
article. You need to condense the important points on one
typewritten, double-spaced page.
For the purposes of research, summarizing does not mean to
leave out specifics. In fact, well-chosen specific details can
create the strongest summaries by supplying those details that
are most important to larger ideas or events.
The most helpful first step will be breaking down the article
into a coherent outline form. Review the section on outlining in
the text. Putting the article in outline form will help to avoid
merely recopying or plagiarizing an article. When you are
satisfied that your outline is complete, use it as a fairly strict
guide to write your paper.
The purpose is to retell the article from the journal so that the
reader can read your paper and know the important points in the
article. However, you have to use your own language, while
choosing words appropriate to summarizing the article. One of
the purposes is to be concise and concentrated.
Do not use quotations from the article for this paper. Use
paraphrase.
OBJECTIVE TONE
A summary, to be convincing, needs to sustain an objective
tone. Objectivity means a judgment without emotion or bias.

3. In reality this may be impossible or at best very difficult.
Therefore, when writing, the goal is to create an objective tone.
Phrases that indicate a personal judgment or emotional decision
weaken the paper if the aim is to create an objective tone.
Therefore, such phrases are best edited out of the initial draft.
The purpose of the summary is to put the article concisely and
directly in front of the reader while not using the author's
words. A careful editing of the draft can help to do this. Use
the score sheet as a checklist to edit your draft. Consider each
of the items separately and check your draft for each item. It
will be used to evaluate your summary. Also visit the link to
make comments on summaries written by others on the Bulletin
Board.
Be sure to title your paper. The title is another exercise in
summarizing since you must condense the central thought to a
phrase of your own.
WORKS CITED PAGE
Normally you would not cite one work. However, for practice
at citing, include a formal “Works Cited” page as described in
the text with your summary. The format for listing different
kinds of periodicals is in the text and other locations. That
section of the text has guidelines for citing other kinds of
publications as well. For this paper, it is fine to put the formal
citation at the bottom of the second page if you have a lot of
room.
Discussion Board:
Visit the appropriate "Discussions" to post a first draft of your
summary. Read a few other drafts; use the score sheet below to
help with your comments on the summary of others.
Post the draft in the appropriate Discussions list by January 21.
Submit the Final copy to the instructor on January 26 with your
Preliminary Search for Sources..
Study questions:

4. - How do you keep an outline parallel?
- What are some methods of creating an objective tone?
- What does substantial paraphrasing mean?
- What is passive and active verb construction?
Summary Rubric (Evaluation Sheet)
Evaluation of Summary Score Sheet (Rubric used to evaluate
your paper):
Evaluated on -
Identifies completely work,
author, and source with “Works Cited” page -- 10 pts-------------
--------------------------
Covers all major points--------------------------- 5 pts--------------
-------------------------
Identifies central premise------------------------ 5-------------------
---------------------------
Is edited to be clear and concise---------------- 10------------------
----------------------------
Outline reflects source/organization----------- 10------------------
--------------------------
Edited to maintain objective tone-------------- 10------------------
--------------------------
Uses standard grammar,
punctuation, spelling, etc.------------------------ 15-----------------
---------------------------
Chooses effective & appropriate details------ 10-------------------
-------------------------

5. Avoids passive verb construction-------------- 5--------------------
--------------------------
Does not use a quotation or wording of the original------- 5------
----------------------------------------
Refers to entire paper in conclusion------------ 10------------------
--------------------------
____________________________________________________
______________
TOTAL POSSIBLE POINTS 100pts
Rubric
Summary Essay Rubric
Summary Essay Rubric
CriteriaRatingsPts
Identifies completely work, author, and source with “Works
Cited” page
10 pts
Covers all major points
5 pts
Identifies central premise
5 pts
Is edited to be clear and concise
10 pts
Outline reflects source/organization
10 pts
Edited to maintain objective tone

6. 10 pts
Uses standard grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc
15 pts
Chooses effective & appropriate details
10 pts
Avoids passive verb construction
5 pts
Does not use a quotation or wording of the original
5 pts
Refers to entire paper in conclusion
10 pts
Total Points: 95
Article summary
In U.S., 58% Back Legal Marijuana by Jeffery M. Jones
In his article “In U.S., 58% Back Legal Marijuana Use” posted
on the Gallup survey website, Jeffery M. Jones argues about the
increased backing of legalizing marijuana in the US. He gives
an example of Princeton N.J.’s assertion of the majority of the
Americans continued calls for supporting marijuana legalization
in the US as evidenced by 58% of the supportive citizens and
the steady trend change over a 46 year period as attested by
Gallup (Carroll, 2005). According to the Gallup surveys of as
early as the 1960s and the subsequent polls held on the state of
marijuana legalization over a span of 4 decades ending in 2009,
the supporting percentage of citizens rose from 12% to 40%
(Gallup & Newport, 2010). In his argument, the percentage of
legalizing marijuana has been steady above 50% over the past
six years which is the resultant effect of increased support from
the youths.

7. Jeffery goes on to argue that with many localities and states
advocating marijuana legalization the present youths have
outshined their cohort age mates of earlier times by their
overwhelming support for the legalization issue. According to
him, Gallup has noted that the key factors leading to the results
are age and party affiliations (Gallup & Newport, 2010). He
attributes the support increase by youths to them being the
potential users of the if-to-be legalized marijuana (Friese &
Grube, 2013). Attitude change of generations over their
lifespan is central to the massive youth support as Jeffery
elucidates by quoting Gallup’s findings.
Jeffery adds that while some of the old Americans aged above
65 years have little support for marijuana legalization, their
subsequent generations born thereafter show tremendous
attitude change in support of marijuana legalization in the US
(Joffe, & Yancy, 2004). He further notes that the Democrats and
Independents in party affiliation whose majority backing is the
youth tend to push for marijuana legalization to the States even
though it is illegal in the federal law (Gallup & Newport, 2010).
As Jeffery argues it is imperative to note that births from the
year 1969 onwards are influential to the poll scores on
marijuana legalization as a topic of public discourse in the US.
Moreover, in conclusion, Jeffery argues that the 58% Gallup top
score is expected to soar even into the future as younger
generations tend to be more inclined to support marijuana
legalization as they approach their adulthood as compared to
their cohort age mates of earlier times (Carroll, 2005).
Therefore, as the aged die off their support for pot legalization
declines while that of the youths rise.

8. In U.S., 58% Back Legal Marijuana Use
By Jeffrey M. Jones
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
· Majority favors legal marijuana for third consecutive year
· Younger generations more supportive than older generations
· Older generations more supportive than they were in the past
PRINCETON, N.J. -- A majority of Americans continue to say
marijuana use should be legal in the United States, with 58%
holding that view, tying the high point in Gallup's 46-year
trend.
Americans' support for legal marijuana has steadily grown over
time. When Gallup first asked the question, in 1969, 12% of
Americans thought marijuana use should be legal, with little
change in two early 1970s polls. By the late 1970s, support had
increased to about 25%, and held there through the mid-1990s.
The percentage of Americans who favored making use of the
drug legal exceeded 30% by 2000 and was higher than 40% by
2009.
Over the past six years, support has vacillated a bit, but
averaged 48% from 2010 through 2012 and has averaged above
the majority level, 56%, since 2013.
The higher level of support comes as many states and localities
are changing, or considering changing, their laws on marijuana.
So far, four states and the District of Columbia have made
recreational use of marijuana legal, and Ohio voters are set to
decide a ballot initiative that would do the same this coming
Election Day. The topic has been an issue on the 2016
presidential campaign trail, and several candidates have
expressed a willingness to let states set their own marijuana
laws even though federal law prohibits marijuana use.
Young Adults Consistently More Supportive of Legal Marijuana
Gallup has previously reported that two of the biggest

9. differentiators of Americans' opinions on legal marijuana
are age and party identification. Younger Americans, Democrats
and independents are the most likely of major demographic and
political groups to favor legalizing use of the drug, while
Republicans and older Americans are least likely to do so.
Younger Americans have always shown the most support of any
age group for making marijuana legal, but this has grown from
20% of 18- to 34-year-olds in 1969 to 71% of those in the same
age group today. But even older age groups today are more
likely to favor legal marijuana than the comparable age groups
in the past. For example, 35% of senior citizens today (aged 65
and older) are in favor of legalization, compared with 4% of
senior citizens in 1969. Among all age groups, the increase in
support has been proportionately greater over the last 15 years
than it was between any of the earlier time periods.
These patterns by age indicate that one reason Americans are
more likely to support legal marijuana today than they were in
the past is because newer generations of adults, who are much
more inclined to favor use of the drug, are replacing older
generations in the population who were much less inclined to
want it to be legalized.
But the increase in support nationwide is also a function of
attitude change within generations of Americans over the course
of their adult lifespans. Gallup's historical data allow for a look
at how views on marijuana legalization have changed over time
among independent samples of those in the same birth cohorts.
For example, Americans who are aged 65 through 79 today --
born between 1936 and 1950 -- are more supportive of making
marijuana legal in 2015 than those born in the same years were
15, 30 and 46 years ago. This birth cohort's support has
increased from 20% in 1969 to 29% in 2000/2001, and is 40%
today.
Americans born from 1951 through 1965 and from 1966 through
1980 are also more likely to favor legalizing marijuana than

10. they were 15 years ago, with support growing a little more than
20 percentage points within each of these birth cohorts over that
time. That exceeds the increases in support for older birth
cohorts over the same time.
The oldest Americans, those born in 1935 or earlier, have shown
far less change in their attitudes about marijuana over their life
spans. The near-doubling of support between 1969 and 1985,
from 8% to 15%, reflects the dying off of the oldest Americans
in that birth cohort during that time period as much as it does
attitude change among those from that birth cohort who were
still living.
Implications
Americans' support for legalizing marijuana is the highest
Gallup has measured to date, at 58%. Given the patterns of
support by age, that percentage should continue to grow in the
future. Younger generations of Americans have been
increasingly likely to favor legal use of marijuana as they
entered adulthood compared with older generations of
Americans when they were the same age decades ago. Now,
more than seven in 10 of today's young adults support
legalization.
But Americans today -- particularly those between 35 and 64 --
are more supportive of legal marijuana than members of their
same birth cohort were in the past. Now senior citizens are
alone among age groups in opposing pot legalization.
These trends suggest that state and local governments may come
under increasing pressure to ease restrictions on marijuana use,
if not go even further like the states of Colorado, Oregon,
Washington and Alaska in making recreational marijuana use
completely legal.
Historical data are available inGallup Analytics.
Survey Methods
Results for this Gallup poll are based on telephone interviews
conducted Oct. 7-11, 2015, with a random sample of 1,015
adults, aged 18 and older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the
District of Columbia. For results based on the total sample of

11. national adults, the margin of sampling error is ±4 percentage
points at the 95% confidence level. All reported margins of
sampling error include computed design effects for weighting.
Each sample of national adults includes a minimum quota of
60% cellphone respondents and 40% landline respondents, with
additional minimum quotas by time zone within region.
Landline and cellular telephone numbers are selected using
random-digit-dial methods.