2. 12.1 Fuels12.1 Fuels
1. Recall coal, natural gas and petroleum as fossil
fuels that produce carbon dioxide on combustion.
2. Name methane as the main constituent of
natural gas.
3. Describe petroleum as a mixture of
hydrocarbons and its separation into useful
fractions by fractional distillation.
3. 12.1 Fuels12.1 Fuels
4. Understand the essential principle of
fractional distillation in terms of differing boiling
points (ranges) of fractions related to molecular
size and intermolecular attractive forces.
4. 12.1 Fuels12.1 Fuels
5. State the use of:
• refinery gas for bottled gas for heating
and cooking,
• gasoline fraction for fuel (petrol) in cars,
• diesel oil / gas oil for fuel in diesel engines.
5. 12.2 Hydrocarbons12.2 Hydrocarbons
1. Describe the properties of alkanes
(exemplified by methane) as being generally
unreactive, except in terms of burning.
2. State that the products of complete
combustion of hydrocarbons, exemplified by
methane, are carbon dioxide and water.
6. 12.2 Hydrocarbons12.2 Hydrocarbons
3. Name, identify and draw the structures of
methane, ethane, ethene and ethanol.
4. Recognise the alkanes and alkenes from
their chemical names or molecular structures.
5. Describe the manufacture of alkenes by
cracking.
6. Distinguish between alkanes and alkenes by
the addition reaction of alkenes with bromine.
7. 12.2 Hydrocarbons12.2 Hydrocarbons
3. Name, identify and draw the structures of
methane, ethane, ethene and ethanol.
4. Recognise the alkanes and alkenes from
their chemical names or molecular structures.
5. Describe the manufacture of alkenes by
cracking.
6. Distinguish between alkanes and alkenes by
the addition reaction of alkenes with bromine.
