1906 Pure Food And Drug Act Regulates Drug Ingredients

Pure Food And Drug Act Of 1906 Summary
In 1906, the Pure Food and Drug Act, that was years in the making was finally passed under
President Roosevelt. This law reflected a sea change in medicine–– an unprecedented wave of
regulations. No longer could drug companies have a secret formula and hide potentially toxic
substances such as heroin under their patent. The law required drug companies to specify the
ingredients of medications on the label. It also regulated the purity and dosage of substances. Not by
mere coincidence was the law passed only about five years after Bayer, a German based drug
company began selling the morphine derivative, heroin. Thought to be a safe, non–habit forming
alternative to morphine, heroin quickly became the "cure–all drug" that was used to treat ... Show
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Mothers and nurses were giving children heroin–filled soothing syrups to treat a cold, or simply to
"soothe" them to sleep. The journalist said, "the systematic doping of the delicate organisms of
infants with these subtle and powerful drugs [was] practiced everywhere remorselessly or in
desperate ignorance of its consequences." The involvement of innocent children in the drug problem
evokes a sense of urgency; however, the article does not just appeal to the reader's emotions. Rather
it is substantive, providing insight about what was happening in politics and medicine at the time.
There was an attempt to investigate and try to regulate the medical use of opiates and other
questionable drugs. The author cited an investigation by the Division of Drugs in the Bureau of
Chemistry that found that soothing syrups often contained drugs such as powdered opium,
chloroform, codeine, and cannabis, in combination or in place of heroin. It also referenced the action
taken by pharmacists in Philadelphia to only sell these habit–forming "remedies" with a doctor's
approval or prescription. When looking at this article in a broad sense, one can see the change in
mindset by medical authorities––which only ten years prior saw heroin as a great innovation in
medicine. As the medical community began to pull back on casually dispensing heroin, people
began to question the medical
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Food Drug And Cosmetic Act 1938
The 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act mandated that manufacturers of drugs had to provide labels
on their drugs. These labels provided the consumer with information about what certain drugs
contained and specific directions about how to take them. This action prevented false claims about
drugs and allowed consumers to know that certain drugs were safe. As a result, the scrutiny of drugs
ensured the selling of safe drugs in the United States. Food became upheld to a standard after
passing the 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The manufacturers of various foods were required
to list the ingredients contained in their products. Only certain ingredients that were deemed
nutritious and safe became allowed to be included in food production. This

Pros And Cons Of The Pure Food And Drug Act
The Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act are congressional acts that were signed by
President Teddy Roosevelt on June 30, 1906 in an effort to prevent the adulteration and misbranding
of products distributed. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, America was in the process
of transforming from an agrarian society to an industrial economy which became known as the
Progressive Era. During this period, meatpacking industries and food corporations were run by
corrupt business owners who overworked employees in unsanitary conditions, and had no regulation
of how the food was processed. As a result of the high demand for food in the United States, food
industries were under the impression of mass producing goods to create ... Show more content on
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Laborers were forced to work in filthy facilities that had no lighting or place to wash their hands and
materials. The dangers of the consumption of food and the unsafe and disease–ridden procedures the
meatpacking and food agencies were performing needed to be addressed to the public. Likewise,
muckrakers and journalists were people who reinforced public awareness on the food scam and
heightened the ideals they were accompanying to. Finally, after the ongoing scandal, the public's
outcry sought Congress's attention and the Pure Food and Drug Act along with the Meat Inspection
Act were considered to prevent the sale, manufacture, and transportation of misbranded goods that
were harmful to the human health and welfare. After months of debate between the Senate and the
House, the act was signed by Roosevelt to protect the public and ensure that natural food was being
processed to purchasers. In consequence to the new act passed, meat and food industries were
required to provide hygienic and practicable conditions for their employees, regulate the standards
of the products, and inspect the processing plants and food before

1906 Pure Food And Drug Act
The Short and Long Term Effects of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act
In the very early 1900s, the country's attention began to turn from the problems of primitive man to
the safety of a consumer society who no longer was watching their food supply grow on their own
property. Mass production was in its infancy, as well as modern pharmacology, and although the
ability to produce food and drugs in a factory setting was there, the necessary safety precautions had
not yet been laid out. People were getting ill or even dying in huge numbers because there was no
regulations on the production of consumer goods. While this was not such a problem when dealing
with toys, farm equipment, or even clothing, it was a massive problem when dealing with food or ...
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The continued, growing supply, and demand for powerful psychoactives proves this. To lie to the
populace in order to fulfill a personal view of what society should be is unjustifiable, as the U.S. is a
democratic republic, and one man's views are theoretically never allowed to become law. Both of
these realities pale in comparison with the actions taken by the government to attempt to rehabilitate
the addict. To illustrate this point some facts must be stated. In 2013, 98,200 people were currently
imprisoned for drug related crimes. This is 51% of the total federal prison population. Of the nearly
4 million people on probation at the end of 2012, 25% had a drug charge as their most serious
offense. The amount of money that would be saved, and the number of people who would still be
living upstanding productive lives if drug charges had never been criminalized is almost incalculable
(People Sentenced For Drug Offenses In The US Correctional System). Additionally, according to
the NCADD, 8% of the U.S. population used an illicit drug in the past 30 days. 20% has used a
prescription for nonmedical purposes (NCADD). In effect, this means that between 20 and 30% of
the population could be imprisoned for potentially years at a time on a monthly basis. The draconian
laws set up by the government

Orphan Drug Act Research Paper
There have been 5,000 rare diseases that have been identified. The disease is considered rare in the
United States if less than 200,000 people have it. The pharmaceutical industry will not develop a
cure for the disease since it does not affect most of a population. For this reason, Congress passed
the Orphan Drug Act (ODA) in 1983.
Under the Ronald Reagan administration the Orphan Drug Act allows the federal government to
help out in the making of new drugs for these rare diseases. Incentives are given to the drug
manufacturer in order to intise them to find a cure or develop a drug that will help out. To find a
cure can become very expensive and time consuming for the drug companies. There are incentives
given to the drug manufacturers like grant funding, assistance in the drug development, seven–year
patent on the drug post–Food and Drug Administration approval, and so forth. In the end, the drug
company has the better end of the deal.
Some people do not fully understand what orphan drugs are. Orphan drugs are defined as drugs that
have not been developed yet because the need for that drug to be made is not in that of high demand
from the general public. Also, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
More than 265 of the drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Out of these
265 drugs 209 of these drugs are for the use of rare diseases. The increase has been astonishing
taking into consideration from when the Orphan Drug Act was first passed there were only about 15
orphan drugs that were approved.
The Orphan Drug Act has come a long way and has helped many people maintain a long a
prosperous life. For those who have not been so fortunate many of us owe a great deal of thanks to
these people. If these people did not take the sacrifice many more people today would not be here if
it was not for the orphan drugs that were created for people with rare

Anti Drug Abuse Act Of 1986
In 2010, the Obama Administration passed into law The Fair Sentencing Act, which directly targeted
the harshly different punishments for people caught in possession of crack versus people caught in
possession of cocaine and effectively overruled the punishments of each drug outlined in the Anti–
Drug Abuse Act of 1986. Immediately, there was discussion regarding the purpose and effectiveness
of this act versus the 1986 act. The Anti–Drug Abuse Act of 1986, although it was eagerly pursued
and supported by black communities, has ultimately been accused of being indirectly, or
purposefully, discriminatory towards African Americans. This law established shockingly different
punishments for users of crack versus users of cocaine. As is commonly known and has been proven
statistically, African Americans are more likely to consume crack than cocaine and are more likely
to consume crack than any other race would.
For decades since the 1986 Act, those prosecuted for possession of crack cocaine were given harsher
punishments than those who were caught with cocaine. Despite minimal differences between the
effectiveness and formulation of either drug, crack cocaine was prosecuted at a 100:1 ratio to
cocaine. Many questioned why the gap existed, but ultimately the reasoning lied with who was
consuming either drug. Crack cocaine was popular in extremely urban areas, prone to house more
minorities than suburban areas. Cocaine, however, was typically a more "elitist" drug consumed and

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and the Pure Food and Drug...
Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle" and the Pure Food and Drug Act
Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle," gave the most in–depth description of the horrid truths about the way
America's food companies, "the only source of food for people living in the city," are preparing the
food they sell. "The Jungle" describes the terrible conditions of a Lithuanian family that moved to
the US, and had to work, live, and die for the food companies in Chicago. "The Jungle" spurred a
movement in the American people to do something about the problems facing the American food
supply. Because of the growing concern about the quality of food in America the government took
action to prevent further problems. Thus the Food and Drug Act of 1906 was passed to ... Show
After years of wondering from job to job, being injured, and being put back in jail for a month,
Jurgis wonders into a socialist political rally. The speech the orator delivers inspires Jurgis, and he
joins the socialist party. He gets a job in a socialist–run hotel and is reunited with a member of is
family. The book ends with Jurgis having lost almost all of his family and life to the terrible
conditions of life in Chicago, but gains new beliefs in socialism. This is just a very shortened up
summery of "The Jungle." In many parts of the book it describes the rotten and diseased meat. "The
cans have shiny, attractive surfaces but contain's a mass of putrid meat unfit for Human
consumption."(Sparknotes, Quotations) In one part of the book it talks about a man who would be
shoveling the meat into carts, and would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one. There
were many things that went into the meat that made the poisoned rat as a tidbit. Men would have no
place to wash their hands before eating, and so they washed them in the water tat was ladled into the
sausage. Ends of meat, scraps of corned beef, and all odds and ends of the waste of the plants, would
be dumped into old barrels to set until the spring. In the spring the barrels of rotten, and diseased
scraps would be dumped into the hoppers with fresh meat to be sent out to the public for sale.
(Sparknotes) Though it was not Upton Sinclairs original

Food And Drug Act Of 1906 Essay
Dead rats, infection diseases, and poison. These are only a few of the absolutely horrid things that
would carelessly be thrown in by factory workers during the making and packaging process in the
1900s. People of that time period were completely unaware of how uncared for the meat that they
were eating every day really was. Their food wasn't cared for the way ours is today and it definitely
wasn't inspected, therefore ending up with that unwanted rat chunk in your meat. The Food and
Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 really shaped the cycle our food before it hits stores
today compared to the 1900s, by making it a law to have all equipment cleaned correctly, including
the food, and making sure all food gets inspected before it goes to the mouths of buyers like you and
me. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since it was not a law to check food and meat before being sold, factories would take no precautions
as to what was really going into the meat being sold, introducing the turn of the century in food
processing.
In 1906, a man named Upton Sinclair wrote a book by the name "The Jungle", a yellow journalism
novel written about the way food was being produced and the truth behind everything that was
really inside all the meat the citizens were eating. Yellow Journalism is a style of writing that uses
eye–catching headlines and exaggerates the facts of a situation into a big problem. Although
Sinclair's objective was to educate the American public about the injustices of a capitalistic society,
readers focused mainly on the health and hygiene aspects of the work (Benson, Sonia, "Meat
Inspection Act/Pure Food and Drug

History and Laws behind the Federal Food and Drug Act of...
History and Laws behind the Federal Food and Drug Act of 1906 As one of the primary federal
consumer–protection laws in existence today, The Federal Food and Drug Act of 1906 was a law
that had two primary goals for food and drugs: (a) forbid harmful ingredients and additions and (b)
demand labeling of ingredients to inform consumers. According to Janssen (1981), it was hoped that
the enactment of this law would eliminate adulterations and poisons sometimes found in foods,
sometimes in drugs and often in both. The foundation of food and drug protection came from the
development of scientific methods of analysis by the Federal Bureau of Chemistry, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through his own research with human volunteers to determine the effects of food preservatives on
digestion and health, dubbed the "Poison Squad," Wiley enlisted the support of the American
Medical Association, the General Federation of Women's Clubs and other consumer groups
(Janssen). Meanwhile, his staunchest opposition came from the largest advertisers in the country;
distillers and patent medicine firms. "But the tide was turned, according to historians and Dr. Wiley
himself, when the voteless, but militant club of women throughout the country who rallied to the
pure food cause" Janssen, 1981, ¶ 12). Undoubtedly, these women supported Dr. Wiley because he
had become a popular speaker at their supper clubs where crusading writers of national magazines
also joined his campaign by publishing his findings as editorials. Ultimately, legislation closely
followed the January 1906 publishing of Upton Sinclair's best–selling novel The Jungle, which
portrayed dangerous working conditions as well as the unsanitary methods of Chicago's
meatpacking industry. On June 30, 1906, The Pure Food and Drug Act was passed providing
inspection of meat products and prohibiting the sale, manufacture, and transport of harmful patent
medicines. Major Provisions

The Drug Quality and Security Act Essay
Introduction: Since 2001, compounded drugs have caused more than 1,000 illnesses, and 87 deaths
in the United States (cite 1). All of these unfortunate incidents were caused by errors during the
manufacturing of compounded drugs, and in most cases, because of contamination. On the 25th of
September 2013, the Drug Quality and Security Act, also known as H.R. 3204, was introduced, and
three days later, was passed by the House of Representatives. On the 18th of November, this Act
cleared the Senate. On the 27th of September, 2013, President Barack Obama signed the Drug
Quality and Security Act into law (cite 2).
Background: Compounded drugs are drugs that are mixed by a licensed pharmacist, in a licensed
pharmacy (cite 4). Compounding ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The difficulty with tracking and controlling drugs comes from the current laws. States have power
over pharmacies, however, the FDA has power over the manufacturers of drugs. The new law, the
Drug Quality and Security Act, also known as the track and trace system requires that all
manufactures add serial numbers and electronic codes to their packages, so that they can be tracked
as they move from the manufacturer to the pharmacist, and any steps in between. Now, large
compounding pharmacies must register with the FDA, while smaller pharmacies can continue to
operate under state laws and requirements. A major flaw found in the law was that the law does not
require any company to register with the FDA, which forces the individual doctors and hospitals to
make decisions of whether or not to purchase from FDA–registered companies or not (cite source).
Point of View: In my opinion, the new law does provide a more specific regulation that will help
control the manufacturing and distribution of compounded drugs. I do believe that the United States
Food and Drug Administration should have more power to control and regulate the distribution of
drugs, as well as have more power to inspect companies to insure product safety.
Conclusion: Because of past incidents where tainted drugs have compromised the safety

The Drug And Cosmetic Act 1938
FDA POSITION: LEGAL ARGUMENT 1) FOOD DRUG AND COSMETIC ACT 1938, (FD&C
ACT) according to this act it is illegal to import prescription drugs which are not FDA approved into
USA by individuals or groups. We (FDA) are a federal regulatory body of United States responsible
for regulating the use of the unapproved drugs in United States. The FDA has a ban for importing
the unapproved drugs from other countries. The United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act (Act) (21 U.S.C. section 331) prohibit the shipment of unapproved drugs, which includes the
importing drugs from other countries. The importer can be liable for prosecution by the FDA. 2)
Kefauver Harris Amendement or "Drug Efficacy Amendment" is a 1962 amendment according to
this drug cannot be brought into united states without proving its efficacy and safety. This act says
that manufacturers need to prove the effectiveness of drug products before they go on the market,
and report any serious side effects to us (FDA). It also requires that evidence of effectiveness of the
unapproved drug be based on adequate and well–controlled clinical studies conducted by qualified
experts and all this information to be documented in the appropriate form according to ICH
guidelines and submitted for approval. The drug is allowed for marketing after the FDA approves
the NDA when all the information is reviewed and is considered safe and appropriate. FDA Social
Argument: 1) We are a drug–regulated body and completely responsible

The Drug Addiction Treatment Act Of 2000
To begin, opioid abuse and addiction have increased in frequency in the United States over the past
20 years.4 In 2009, an estimated 5.3 million persons used opioid medications nonmedically within
the past month, 200000 used heroin, and approximately 9.6% of African Americans used an illicit
drug.4 Racial and ethnic minorities experience disparities in availability and access to mental health
care, including substance use disorders.4,7 Primary care practitioners are often called upon to
differentiate between appropriate, medically indicated opioid use in pain management vs
inappropriate abuse or addiction.4 Racial and ethnic minority populations tend to favor primary care
treatment settings over specialty mental health settings.5,6 Recent therapeutic advances allow
patients requiring specialized treatment for opioid abuse and addiction to be managed in primary
care settings.4 The Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 enables qualified physicians with readily
available short–term training to treat opioid–dependent patients with buprenorphine in an office–
based setting, potentially making primary care physicians active partners in the diagnosis and
treatment of opioid use disorders.4,11
Moreover, opioid drugs are potent modulators of many physiological and psychological processes.
When given acutely, they can elicit the signature responses of euphoria and analgesia that societies
have coveted for centuries.1 Repeated, or chronic, use of opioids induces adaptive or allostatic

Prescription Drug Marketing Act Of 1987 Essay
The Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987 was signed into law on April 22nd 1988. The law was
made to protect people from the purchasing and consuming tampered products. This includes
counterfeit, adulterated, misbranded, or expired drugs. The FDA takes a special point to monitor
counterfeit medication. Lately there are many serious counterfeit drugs that have been killing
people. One example is that they have been finding many counterfeit drugs that contain fentanyl.
Because this is such a potent pain killer people are accidentally overdosing.
This law was made after the first drug tampering case happened. The first tampering was in Chicago
this incident led to seven deaths. She had replaced the Tylenol capsules with cyanide. After this
happened people started copycat murders. Two of the copycat murders happened in Washington
State. This tamper led to three murders. This was also a cyanide tamper but in Excedrin instead of
Tylenol. After that happened there was one staged murder that happened in Seattle with the Excedrin
tamper. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It consists of tamper resistant packaging on all OTC products. This tamper resistant packaging is
consistent of an outer product protectant which is usually a plastic wrap around the lid and an inner
protectant that is something sealing the bottle. Most OTC medications now have a warning on them
that says do not take if the seal has been broken or tampered with.
The Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987 also fell into the category of making sure people don't
sell their personal prescriptions. This is a problem most often with controlled substances. It is also
there to ensure safe and effective medications. When people sell their prescription drugs on the
street they can tamper with them and you won't know until after you take it, which is why it is

The Misuse Of Drugs Act
Laws are created by parliament which is made up by the MP'S society votes for during the election
process. The Misuse of Drugs Act (1971) was introduced to prevent the misuse of controlled drugs
such as cannabis, amphetamine and other drugs stated in the Act. The Act attempts to prevent the
misuse of drugs by making it a criminal offence to be in possession or supply, manufacture, import
and export drugs (Drugscope, 2015). The Act also gives the Home secretary authority to ban new
drugs and increase the penalties associated with them. Sometimes the government will set out a
proposal for a new law in a document known as a green paper which then faces scrutiny and
discussion this could be by experts in the area that the proposed Law intends to change/ affect or a
select committee within parliament. The proposal can then be changed and made into a white paper.
This then forms the Bill which gets introduced into Parliament (Making laws: How a law is made
part 2 of 2, 2009). There are 2 different types of Bills a private and a public Bill. The Misuse of
Drugs Act (1971) was a public Bill as it affects the public. These also have 2 categories, government
Bills and Private member bills. The Misuse of Drugs Act (1971) was a government Bill. A bill goes
through a consultation stage where the opinion of others is noted on what the proposed Law should
say. This usually takes place before the Bill is introduced to Parliament. A Bill can either go through
the House of Commons or Lords

Prescription Drug User Act ( Pdufa )
Before getting marketing approval for any drug in United States it has to pass through FDA review
process. Under prescription Drug User Act (PDUFA) came in effect in 1992, FDA has set up
specific goals to improve drug review process time and created two tiered system of review times.
The standard review and The Priority Review. A drug can get priority Review designation if offer
major advances in treatment, or provide a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority
Review means that the time it takes FDA to review a New Drug application (NDA) is reduced. The
goal for completing priority review is six months whereas Standard review process takes ten
months. The priority review status can apply both to drugs that are used to treat serious disease and
drugs for less serious illness. The FDA is giving additional attention and resources towards the drug
approval process which have potential significant advances in a treatment. In the period 1999–2011,
100 FDA–priority review pharmaceuticals were approved by both the FDA and the EMA. The
majority of the products were ﬁrst submitted to and approved by the FDA. The FDA has a
signiﬁcantly shorter drug application review time than the EMA. Pros of Priority Review Speeding
therapy to patients – The most prominent possible upside would be speed in the form of getting new
therapies into patients more quickly. Helping American competitiveness –A second positive,
depending on one's perspective, would be possibly increasing

Orphan Drug Act
The different acts within the industry:
Whilst there are many different acts inside the pharmaceutical industry, for the sake of this essay, I
have decided to talk about only the major acts involved. Soon different laws started being
formulated and enforced on drug development and distribution. The Import Drug act of 1848 was
issued to limit the number of entry of poor quality drugs from overseas into the country. In 1906
another act was issued, it was called the Food and Drug Act of 1906. However this act only came
into effect around 1930. The act stated that there should be clear labels of what the product is, on all
food and drug items[4]. After this act came the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938, this act
focused on labelling products ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These incentives can be:
– Protocol Assistance:
Protocol Assistance is an agency which supports the development of orphan drugs, by providing
scientific advices. This is very beneficial as it could mean obtaining answers that could help with
research.
Requesting for a sponsor can be done in the early stages of development before being submitted for
a market authorisation app. Another way is in the later stage of post authorisation phase [9]. The
agency could be available to them at a reduced fee. However this all depends on the status of the
sponsors [10].
– Fee Reductions:
These are financial support being shown. The European medicine Agency (EMA) has introduced a
10% fee reduction for the initial marketing authorisation inspection, before there was no reduction
involved. Another fee reduction being done is the pre authorisation inspection. However the benefits
don't stop there, for SME's, additional financial support is being given and these include; services of
all protocol assistance and the marketing authorisation inspections.

The Classification of Cannabis Under the Misuse of Drugs...
ADVISORY COUNCIL ON THE MISUSE OF DRUGS The classification of cannabis under the
Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 ADVISORY COUNCIL ON THE MISUSE OF DRUGS 1.
Background 1.1 In October 2001 the Home Secretary asked the Advisory Council on the Misuse of
Drugs (the 'Council') to review the classification of cannabis preparations in the light of current
scientific evidence. The Council is established under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 to keep under
review the drug situation in the United Kingdom and to advise government ministers on the
measures to be taken for preventing the misuse of drugs or for dealing with the social problems
connected with their misuse. In particular, the Council is required to advise on the appropriate ...
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The Report itself is based on a detailed scrutiny of the relevant scientific literature including four
reviews commissioned by the Department of Health in 19981 as well as an update commissioned by
the Home Office and completed in November 2001.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 1 Ashton (1998), Johns (1998), and
Plant (1998a, 1998b) – see bibliography. 2 Nutt and Nash (2001) – see bibliography. 3
ADVISORY COUNCIL ON THE MISUSE OF DRUGS 3. Epidemiology 3.1 Information about
the use of cannabis in the UK comes from a variety of sources. None are ideal but, collectively, they
provide a reasonable indication of the present scale of use and of the changes that have occurred
over the past 20 years. The available sources of information come from: 3.2 surveys of self–reported
use; seizures (by police and customs officers); cautions and court appearances data; and National
Drug Misuse databases. Cannabis use appears to have increased dramatically over the past two
decades. British Crime Survey (BCS) data show that, in England and Wales, lifetime use between
1981 and 2000 amongst those aged 20 to 24 years rose from 12 per cent to 52 per cent. In the same
age group, the 2000 BCS suggested that use in the previous year was 27 per cent, and in the
previous month was 18 per cent. By comparison, use of amphetamine or heroin in the past month
was 3 per cent and less than 0.5

Support Drug Regulation Acts
S.959–Pharmaceutical Compounding Quality, Security and Accountability Act, was introduced into
the U.S Senate May 15, 2013 by Thomas Harkin, Democratic senator of Iowa, along with the
support of five cosponsors. The bill, if it'd passed would have amended the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) to expand the regulation of compounded drugs. It would have allowed the
Federal Government to oversee drug compounders' operations to ensure drug quality and safety.
Most recently, the bill was referred to the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee
but never made it to the floor for a vote. Supporters of S.959 were both Republicans and Democrats.
This bill was a bipartisan effort. There was opposition to this bill from the ... Show more content on
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The National Community Pharmacist Association (NCPA) supported the senate's concern limiting
outbreaks like the meningitis outbreak but thought that the compounding section of the bill should
be rethought out. They did however agree with the anti–drug counterfeiting portions of the bill. Both
the IACP and NCPA were willing to compromise on the bill and were working with the Senate
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee to achieve a compromise.
In contrast, the supporters of the bill had quite the opposite to say; arguing that setting national
regulation for the drugs would better ensure safety. Each state beforehand had their own regulations
and they differed from state to state. With the bill, the compounders would be required to stick to
FDA regulations, while still maintaining some authority by overseeing the operations, but then
reporting to the FDA. Senator Pat Roberts of Kansas argued the bill was a fair median between
federal regulation and state oversight of pharmaceutical processes. Roberts in a statement said "this
legislation protects traditional pharmacy while giving patients more confidence in the quality and
safety of their compounded drugs" (as cited by Morris, 2013). Another large supporter was Allan
Coukell. He is the senior director for drug and medical devices for the Pew Charitable Trusts.
Coukell stated that his group supported the bill and argued it was "a major advance for the

How Did The Food And Drugs Act Of 1906
The Food & Drug Administration became a possibility because of the Pure Food and Drugs Act of
1906. Harvey Washington Wiley was the driving force behind this law and headed its enforcement,
which provided basic elements of protection that consumers had never had before (FDA's Origin).
The FDA is an agency that works within the US Department of Health and Human Services of the
executive branch of government (About FDA). The Food and Drug Administration is responsible for
protecting the public health of all Americans by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of a large
range of products from drugs to cosmetics (What We Do).
The FDA is a very structured, governmental agency. The Office of the Commissioner and four
directors overseeing

Essay On Food And Drugs Act Of 1906
There was a time where there was no limits to what substances were in products we humans
consume or use everyday. It is alarming to think that there could be items in our food or medicine
that are potentially dangerous and deadly. It is for these reasons that the Food and Drug
Administration came to be. It all started in a time where companies could say anything they wanted
about a product without any scientific validation or proof. The government stepped in and
established the Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906 along with a new agency: the FDA. This act's
purpose was to protect the public against dangerous substances in food and from products identified
as healthy without scientific support. This law was an accumulation of many bills and ideas that
aimed to protect consumers from contaminated products. (The Pure Food and Drug Act) Now, the
FDA conducts recalls, market withdraws, and safety alerts in order to protect the citizens.
The US Food and Drug Administration is a branch of the US Department of Health and Human
Services. The Office of the Secretary, HHS's chief policy officer and general manager, administers
and oversees the organization, its programs, and its activities. The Deputy Secretary and a number
of Assistant Secretaries and Offices support OS. (Message from HHS) The FDA is ... Show more
They regulate bottled water, food, medicine, and cosmetics which are all crucial to a human's life.
Without these limitations and orders on dangerous substances, people would not be confident in
what is in the items they own. The FDA even regulates microwaves for radiation which preserves
the health of millions of people. The amount of recalls is going down due to the laws the FDA
makes and enforces. No more can big companies manipulate the population to buy dangerous goods
that are marketed to be healthy and safe. To find out more and get statistics go to

Ethical Issues Surrounding The Orphan Drug Act
Another issue involving the Orphan Drug Act that has caused great conflict and controversy is the
market exclusivity it provides as an incentive. In 1989 Amgen's drug erythropoietin was approved
by the FDA to treat anemia. Amgen was given exclusive marketing rights for seven years and
erythropoietin became one of the most successful drugs in history. In these types of instances, the
issue is that these companies have essentially created a monopoly where they have complete control.
[6][7] Since there is no competition, companies have the opportunity to drive up the prices forcing
people to be left with the ultimatum of either paying high out of pocket prices or leaving their
condition untreated. The reduction in competition also severely limits the access to treatments for
patients with rare diseases. [6] ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Originally, the drug was being sold for only $20 a dose but now because of it obtaining orphan drug
status, the price has increased to a staggering $1500 per dose. This price increase would cost woman
who are at high–risk for preterm birth $30,000 for treatment. [6][8] There are approximately
132,000 pregnancies that are eligible for this particular treatment, however, with costs being
anywhere from 75 to 100 times more expensive, many of these woman will be left untreated and as
a result there is the potential for a rise in preterm pregnancies.

Drug Abuse Prevention And Control Act
It has been over thirty–one years since the United States first waged the War on Drugs. This war
has cost hundreds of billions of dollars to fight and has given our country many mixed results. We
have seen fluctuations in the numbers over the years, which are, can be linked to different social
fads and political agendas. Despite the enormous amount of money we have spent to rid our country
of illegal drugs, we still have four million Americans addicted today. Stricter drug laws have caused
there to be an overflow of prisoners convicted of drug charges and have transformed these people
into tax burdens instead of taxpayers. Through the investigation of the drug war with President
Nixon, through the peak of drug use in the late 70 's to the rise of crack in the 80 's and into the
legalization of Marijuana, This paper will explain why drugs continue to flow into America at an
alarming rate and try and uncover the effectiveness of the war.
Beginning in 1970, Congress passes the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control act. In
addition to consolidating previous anti–drug laws, the act provides federal funding for drug abuse
prevention and treatment efforts. The Act establishes tough penalties for drug trafficking, but
actually lessens federal penalties for the possession of marijuana. In 1971, President Nixon declares
"War on Drugs. To coordinate anti–drug efforts, he creates the special Action Office for Drug
Abuse Preventior. In 1972, the Drug Enforcement Agency

Drug Court Acts As An Intervention Program
perform that particular action (Harrell and Roman, 2001). On the opposite side of this, people are
more likely to repeat behavior that earns positive rewards.
The goal of these programs is to provide treatment to reduce recidivism of inmates and provide them
with treatment that will allow them to rejoin society. For the participants drug court acts as an
intervention program. It functions by "addressing the problems associated with drugs use, learning
skills to avoid relapse, increasing family involvement, and promoting accountability for offenders"
(Goetz & Mitchell, 2006).
Most drug courts follow a similar model. The defendants entered in the program can come in
through diversion, mental health courts or after they accept a plea to their charge.
First–time, non–violent offender are eligible to voluntarily enter the drug court program. Other
defendants who have already been charged with an offense can also be entered into the program
through a plea if it is deemed they would benefit from treatment rather than jail time.
Problem–solving courts are designed to fix problems throughout the courthouse, not just in
specialized courts. These problem–solving courts have four models: drug court, mental health court,
domestic violence court and community courts. Drug courts aim to provide treatment to the
offenders and get them help rather than punish them. Mental health court seek to rehabilitate
patients through assessment and therapies. Domestic violence courts work to keep

Anti Drug Abuse Act Of 1986
On June 17th 1971, President Richard Nixon stood in front of congress and announced his widely
criticized War on Drugs. The President claimed that drugs were the "Public Enemy Number One"
among Americans. Fast–forward to 1986, Congress passed the Anti–Drug Abuse Act of 1986. This
act placed mandatory minimum sentences on minor drug infractions. The war on drugs not only
incarcerated a very high number of Blacks, but also tore families apart in an effort to clean up
neighborhoods which still affect many African American families almost a half–century later.
In October 1982, President Ronald Reagan addressed the nation and promised a "planned, concerted
campaign against all drugs, hard soft or otherwise." The President had two ways he to ... Show more
As clear bias law, this plan untimely laid the frame work for what we now know as the term "mass
incarceration".
As a result of these drug laws the use of drugs decreased slightly, but the number of African
American men incarcerated for drug crimes skyrocketed to more than 300 %, The number of
African Americans arrested for drug abuse went from 112,784 to 452,574 in a short period of time.
Young African American males were almost 9 times more likely to be incarcerated than their
Caucasian counterparts. With considerably long sentence, and having to serve out a minimum of
85% of their time, these men have absolutely nothing to turn to. No longer was the goal of the penal
system to reform these misguided men. Now the main priority of the prison system was to punish.
Instead of giving these men a basic education, and helping them become productive members of
society once they were released, Congress cut funding to educational programs, and actually tried to
pass an act known as the No Frills Prison Act, which funded prisons to "prevent luxurious
conditions." To make things worse, South Carolina prisons banned basic necessities out of spite,such
as the air conditioners. The war on drugs not only effected the prisoners, but it also caused a grave
hardship on their families as well. Nearly 2.7 million children admitted to having a parent who is
currently incarnated, with the vast majority being nonviolent drug offenses. One out of every

Pure Food And Drug Act Of 1906 Analysis
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 On June 30, 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the Pure
Food and Drug Act. He began to enforce this act by also passing the Meat Inspection Act of 1906.
The person responsible for introducing the act is Sen. Weldon Heyburn. The act is sure to benefit the
health of Americans in the present and future. In the first place, children from Camden and St. Louis
died from tainted vaccines in 1901. The purpose of the act is to prevent misbranding and
adulteration of products to prevent more health problems and death. It bans the manufacture, selling,
and transportation of medicines that are poisonous or without scientific support. It also applies to
goods shipped in interstate or foreign commerce. The Department

Pure Food And Drug Act Essay
The Pure Food and Drug Act
"He's got a lot of fellows there that tell him how they feel, they take a batch of poison every time
they eat a meal" (Murphy 2). This part of the song "They'll never look the same" by Lew Dockstader
was made about the Poison Squad, a name given by reporter George R. Brown, to describe the
twelve men who were gathered by Harvey Wiley to test the effects of common food preservatives at
that time (1902). The Poison Squad led to the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. The Pure Food and
Drug Act took a stand against adulterated food/drugs and led other acts like the Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act of 1938 and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act of 1966.
Before the Pure Food and Drug Act, companies could add whatever they wanted to their products
and consumers did not know what is was. "They use everything about the hog except the squeal."
(Sinclair 35) There was false advertising, false claims and most of the time food was adulterated and
had dangerously unsafe preservatives. "Borax compounds...were used to make old butter seem like
new...the effects of borax included nausea and loss of appetite, symptoms resembling those of
influenza and overburdened kidneys"(Carson 1) In addition to borax, common ... Show more
Wiley but it wasn't the first act he introduced into Congress. "All through the 1800's and 1890's,
pure food bills were introduced in congress– largely through his work –and were all killed". (Harvey
W. Wiley 1) Before the Food and Drug Act was passed he had to prove the preservatives that they
were using were dangerous. He proved it by using the Poison Squad to eat the chemicals which
made them sick. The Poison Squad gave Wiley enough information to write the Pure Food and Drug
Act. "For Wiley, the dangerous experiments paid off when his trials were completed behind
sufficient evidence to prove that the chemicals being added to food were both dangerous and
deadly!" (Wirth

Food And Drug Act Of 1906
Everyday you consume things may it be food, drinks, or prescription drugs. Most people will just
absent mindedly intake these products subconsciously knowing that they are monitored by
government organizations ensuring your safety. It has not always been that was and has progressed
greatly throughout the years. although all consumer safety organizations may not be reputable, they
do much more good than harm. Consumer safety is something that is extremely important to the
American family, and has help thousands of people survive. Consumer safety is something that has
allowed America to progress to where it is today.
FDA stands for Food and Drug Administration, it is responsible for protecting the public health by
assuring that foods are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is an industry that today is in very close ties with the FDA. The FDA has lost face because it is
now to closely linked with big pharmaceutical companies. It is more beneficial and profitable for
'Big Pharma' to have more unhealthy people because that would mean more drug sales. Mercola,
Joseph, Dr. "Exposing the Truth Behind FDAApproval and Guidance." The FDA is something that
many people know about, but do not know what happens within the company. A majority of
Americans have heard stories on the news of people making huge acquisitions of how the FDA
killed their child by no correctly regulation fast food companies ; or how their husband died for a
heart attack because the warning label on his bottle of medication was not correct. Dr. David
Graham is the senior scientist within the FDA's Office of Drug Safety. Graham became concerned
when he started to see an increased number of patients having heart attacks and strokes after taking
a large does of the drug Vioxx, back in 2002. He raised his concern to the FDA saying that the
warning label needs to be changed due to his new findings. He had trouble getting this any attention
from the FDA's administration and decided it was time to 'blow the whistle' and go to the media.
Graham made a statement saying, "The people who approve the drug in the first place, within the
FDA, and take pride in the fact that they've brought a drug to the market – that is their baby. This is
their drug." he says this because the

Compare And Contrast The Pure Food And Drug Act 1906
The Pure Food and Drug Act The Pure Food and Drug Act protect consumers from harmful stuff in
food, drinks and medicines. It restricted the sale of some dangerous and useless medicines. Between
1879 and 1906 approximately 200 bills were found but all failed to pass through congress. But
finally The Pure Food and Drug Act law was passed through both the houses in 1906, which was
signed by 26th U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt and it was passed on the same day as Meat
Inspection Act was passed.
"The Pure Food and Drug Act law passed the senate on February 21,1906"
"The Pure Food and Drug Act law passed the House on June 20, 1906"
The Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Act divided administration of food regulation into two
bureaus. The one is the Bureau of Animal industry led by Daniel Salmon, which carry out Federal
Meat Inspections. The another one is Bureau of chemistry led by Wiley, administered of Pure Food
and Drug Act.
Before the Pure Food and Drug Act passed there were many controversies going in the U.S. For
example, "1898–1899 Soldiers in the Spanish–American war were dead because of eating bad meat
or beef". "On November 1901 children in St.Louis and Cambden were dead from contaminate
vaccines". ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sinclair was considered as a Journalist who revealed a corruption in business and government. In
1905, he published his book "The Jungle" in which he exposed that was going on meat packing
industry .In his book his stories said about spoil meat and hordes of rats. All Sinclair wanted was to
get this over but due to slow actions of government Sinclair was frustrated and he decided to tell all
this story to New York Times. After that the story was related to Congress and American Public.
This put pressure on congress and finally the Pure Food and Drug Act law was

1970 Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention And Control Act
Ultimately, problems associated with drug–taking behavior can be viewed in terms of five schedules
of controlled substances that were established by the 1970 Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention
and Control Act. First, Schedule I drugs have the highest potential for abuse and have no accepted
medical use and the availability of this drug is for research only. An example of Schedule I drug is
heroin with a high risk of physical or psychological dependence. Next, Schedule II drugs have a
high potential for abuse. Furthermore, Schedule II drugs have some accepted medical use; however,
use may lead to severe physical or psychological dependence. Example of a Schedule II drug is
hydrocodone, no prescription renewals are permitted, and in cases of

Pure Food And Drug Act Analysis
The Pure Food and Drug Act was first implemented in 1905 by President Theodore Roosevelt but it
was not officially a law until 1906 and its main purpose was to make sure all food and drug labels
were labeled accurately (Hart & Ksir, 2013, p. 53). This act was created in order to fix the American
food and drug industry because "At the turn of the 20th century, America's food supply was
enshrouded in unsafe and disgusting practices. Diseases were rampant as American slaughter and
packing houses were not regulated nor checked for sanitation purpose" ("Pure Food and Drug Act"
2015).
The Pure Food and Drug Act made sure that all drugs to have clearly readable warning labels
printed on its container. The labels should show whoever is using the product

Drug And Cosmetic Act Of Chipotle
Put down your carnitas burrito and give a side–eye to your soda. Chipotle has been has sneaking
GMOs into its "non–GMO" menu offerings. At least that's what a recent class action lawsuit is
claiming.
Back in late April, Chipotle announced it was "G–M–Over it," rolling out a marketing campaign that
claimed it was only going to use "non–GMO ingredients."
"When it comes to our food, genetically modified ingredients don 't make the cut," read
advertisements for the fast–casual chain. (You'll probably recall that the media reacted quite
critically and wasted no time lambasting the company.)
Apparently consumers in California were just as dubious. In her class action lawsuit filed last week
in federal court in San Francisco, lead plaintiff Colleen Gallagher of Piedmont, Calif., said that
Chipotle deceived customers into paying more for their food and violated the Federal Food, Drug
and Cosmetic Act with its false and misleading food labeling.
The lawsuit, filed on behalf of California consumers who bought food from Chipotle after April 27,
2015, says that the advertising campaign is deceptive and misleading because many menu items do
contain GMOs and that the plaintiff was injured "by purchasing (or overpaying for) Chipotle's Food
Products" (page 18). and that "[p]laintiff would not have purchased Chipotle's Food Products (or
paid as much for it) had she known the truth" (page 19).
It is a bit strange that Chipotle, a restaurant chain that has done the most work to align itself

Drug Abuse : Act Of Marijuana Use
Drug Abuse Implications in Reference to Marijuana use Drug abuse is too much consumption of
drugs which results in problematic consequences as a result of the excessive consumption. The issue
of drug abuse has presented major controversies as to whether or not is detrimental to health and
should not be used or whether people have the absolute right to do whatever they may please with
their lives so long as nobody else is being affected. The abuse of drugs has not only disastrous
consequences for a drug user but his or her entire family as well. In the present times, the abuse of
drugs is at its peak. Particularly in the third world countries and the developing countries,
individuals and specifically youth has been involved in such nefarious activities which are only
ruining their lives. At the name of freedom and liberty, many countries are disseminating such a
mentality that every adult is free to his or her own life styles (Regier et al., 1990). The report by
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) shows that 24.6 million
Americans aged 12 or older were current (past month) illicit drug users, which is a representative of
9.4 percent of this age group (SAMHSA, 2014). The use of psychoactive substance poses a
detrimental effect to the health, social and economic fabric of families, communities and nations.
The worldwide use of psychoactive substance is estimated at 2 billion alcohol users, 1.3 billion
smokers and 185 million drug users

Food And Drug Act Of 1906 Essay
Sabrina Schramm
U.S. History
Marcotte
Food and Drug Administration Before 1906, the working conditions and practices of the
meatpacking industry were horrendous and caused lots of health issues for many Americans. A book
published by Upton Sinclair called "The Jungle" called attention to these issues to the White House
when President Teddy Roosevelt read it (Oakes, McGerr and Lewis). Thus, the Pure Food and Drug
Act of 1906 and the Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 was created (Oakes, McGerr and Lewis).
This expanded the mission of the Bureau of Chemistry which was now responsible for regulation of
these new acts (FDA's Origin & Functions – FDA History). The Bureau of Chemistry was later
changed to the Food, Drug and Insecticide Administration ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
A terrible incident happened in Tennessee in 1937 when a drug called Elixir Sulfanilamide was
mislabeled and contained toxic quantities of antifreeze that killed over 100 people (FDA's Origin &
Functions – FDA History). Before this event, Congress debated substituting the 1906 Act and this
instance in Tennessee drove Congress to approve the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 that
provided an updated set of standards. Unlike before when the government had to disprove a drug
was effective, the new act stated that drugs had to be proven effective before being sold. It not only
replaced the Pure Food and Durg Act, but the Sherley Amendment as well (Centennial Edition of
FDA Consumer).
From the 40s to the 60s, the FDA required more guidance over the abuse of amphetamines and
barbiturates than any other drugs in combination. The Durham–Humphrey Amendment of 1951
concluded the debate against what was considered to be an over the counter drug and a prescription
drug (FDA's Origin & Functions – FDA History). The Kefauver–Harris Drug Amendments were
added to the FD&C Act in 1962 to ensure FDA approval of drugs preceding the commerce of the
drug (Centennial Edition of FDA

Pure Food And Drug Act Research Paper
Before the Pure Food and Drug Act, food was produced and sold in a manner that left holes in
information necessary for consumers health. Food that today would be considered toxic was sold to
everyday consumers. After the Industrial Revolution, it became common for people to buy their
food from large food suppliers instead of family farmers. Many consumers weren't aware of the
conditions of large industrial factories, but many people's opinions changed once their food's real
quality surfaced to the public by muckraker journalists. The Pure Food and Drug Act was the most
perpetual aspect of the Progressive Era: the act offered consumers reassurance of what they ate and
took as medication, prevented a great deal of illnesses, and led way to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Foreign Competitors were increasing sales in the U.S. stealing many customersfrom American
companies. Food and drug industries found new ways to market and advertise to appeal to the
interests of the buyers. Many trademarks appeared in the industries during this time, companies
wanted to give off a family–oriented integrity to their products. Medical products were usually
associated with physicians, whether they were real or not to gain trust from consumers. Often times
remedies that had no real health benefits would be sold alongside medicines that in turn had
scientific validated benefits. Buyers weren't able to have a one to one connection with their food
suppliers in large urban cities like they did before. Shoppers now confided in journalists to give
insight. "Journal articles instructed readers on how to act, how to consume, and how to eat" (Barkan

Drug Supply Chain Security Act Case Study
An improper pharmaceutical product entering the business is not a new issue or concern, but the
new mandates appear to be increasing the amount of attention needed to protect the public. The
Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA), which composes Title II of the Drug Quality and
Security Act, had made changes to Section 582 of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. The
amendment to the section now mandates that all manufacturers of pharmaceutical goods,
distributors, those who repackage the products, and medication dispensers to report the Food and
Drug Administration, as well as trading partners (not all but certain ones) products that were
determined by them to be either suspect or illegitimate within 24 hours. These new requirements
became

Food And Drug Act Of 1906
Everyday you consume things may it be food, drinks, or prescription drugs. Most people will just
absent mindedly intake these products subconsciously knowing that they are monitored by
government organizations ensuring your safety. It has not always been that was and has progressed
greatly throughout the years. although all consumer safety organizations may not be reputable, they
do much more good than harm. Consumer safety is something that is extremely important to the
American family, and has help thousands of people survive. Consumer safety is something that has
allowed America to progress to where it is today.
FDA stands for Food and Drug Administration, it is responsible for protecting the public health by
assuring that foods are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Companies were selling drugs that were guaranteed to do things for people, with no proof to back it
up. The Pure Food and Drug Act required that all foods and drugs sold across the United States carry
accurate labels indicating the presence and dosages their ingredients. It also required federal
inspection of meats.
Today pharmaceutical industry is worth 300 billion dollars and controls a majority of the money
market. It is an industry that today is in very close ties with the FDA. The FDA has lost face because
it is now to closely linked with big pharmaceutical companies. It is more beneficial and profitable
for 'Big Pharma' to have more unhealthy people because that would mean more drug sales. Mercola,
Joseph, Dr. "Exposing the Truth Behind FDAApproval and Guidance." The FDA is something that
many people know about, but do not know what happens within the company. A majority of
Americans have heard stories on the news of people making huge acquisitions of how the FDA
killed their child by no correctly regulation fast food companies ; or how their husband died for a
heart attack because the warning label on his bottle of medication was not correct. Dr. David
Graham is the senior scientist within the FDA's Office of Drug Safety. Graham became concerned
when he started to see an

A Broken Class System?. The Misuse Of Drugs Act 1971...
A Broken Class System?
The misuse of drugs act 1971 implements a class system for different types of drugs based,
supposedly on the dangers they pose to both users and society in accordance with the United Nation
commission on narcotic drugs. Class A, the most dangerous of drugs, contains such drugs as heroin
and crack cocaine as well as MDMA, LSC and magic mushrooms. The maximum penalty for class
A offenses is life imprisonment. Class B includes amphetamines, barbiturates and cannabis among
others and Class C contains such drugs as tranquilisers, ketamine and anabolic steroids.
So according to the classification of drugs in the UK, it's fair to assume that the most dangerous
drugs are Class A, but research and evidence suggests this is ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
16% of men and 9% of women respondents to the survey had drank on five of the proceeding seven
days. 34% of men and 28% of women had consumed more than the recommended daily allowance
at least once in the past week. The Nation Health Service estimates that around 9% of men and 4%
of women show some signs of alcohol dependence.
There are zero cases where cannabis was proved to be the cause of death. While it is true that the
effects of cannabis can lead to death, to die directly from cannabis consumption, per G.T. Carter et
al (2004), you would have to consume 628kg of cannabis would have to be taken in 15minutes. It is
quite literally impossible to die from cannabis consumption alone. When compared to alcohol it
remains baffling as to why one is illegal and one is not. Office of National Statistics figures show
that for 2014 there were 8697 cases of alcohol related deaths in the UK alone, a rate of 14.3 deaths
per 100'000. This number has fallen from 2008 when there the rate stood at 15.8 deaths per 100'000,
yet is still higher than the figures of twenty years ago. This is one glaring example of the dangers to
both the user and society at large of alcohol when compared to cannabis.
So, what are the reasons behind cannabis being illegal? Advocates for the keeping cannabis
prohibition in the UK, and in other countries round the world argue that, Cannabis causes psychosis,
Cannabis is a gateway drug; leading to experimentation and use of 'harder' drugs. They argue that

Federal Food Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
According to, http://www.toxicology.org/gp/fda.asp, the Society of Toxicology website, in 1937 the
Massengill pharmaceutical company dispersed Elixir Sulfanilamide. This drug was prescribed
generally to anyone who had symptoms of strep throat. Elixir Sulfanilamide contains diethylene
glycol, which is a chemical equivalent of antifreeze. There were 107 documented deaths, involving
many children, because of the lack in regulations. The Pure Food and Drug Act was deemed to
insufficient to protect the public. This tragedy was the critical motivation for the creation of the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDC) can be found in chapter 9 of title 21 in ... Show
Since the amendment the technology that is capable of finding such small particles of substance has
caused some reconsideration of the "at any level," concept. The flavor industry requested for a "de
minimis," which refers to a level of risk that is too small to raise concern. The Senate has
propositioned bills that would improve the meaning of the Delaney Clause but nothing has passed
yet (http://cnie.org/NLE/CRSreports/Pesticides/pest–1.cfm).
1996 Food Quality Protection Act In 1996 both houses of congress passed the quality protection act
(FQPA) unanimously. This amendment particularly reformed regulations of pesticides. Eliminating
the Delaney Clause from being applied to pesticide residues. The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) website indicates that this new law sets a single health–based standard instead of the
previous multiple standards. The general safety standard is considered to be, "a reasonable certainty
of no harm." When the EPA sets the standards it will have to take in consideration all sources, which
include water, and other pesticides with a common "mechanism of toxicity"
(http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/regulating/laws/fqpa/backgrnd.htm ). The website also mentions a
special provision considering babies and children, where there is to be a clear determination that
proves tolerance levels are in fact safe for children. Three Food Standards

Progessives and The Pure Food and Drug Act Essay
At the turn of the century America entered a new age that many historians call the Progressive Era.
During this time period, the American Political system changed its view on how America should be
brought about. It provided a purification of the American government through direct democracy.
This era included many social and political reforms, which were brought about due to monopolies,
and trust corporations. One the key pieces of legislation that was a prime example of the progressive
era, was the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. This law came about due to muckraking, and also
because of public and political interests. Muckraking, such as Upton Sinclair's piece, "The Jungle",
helped in the timing of the adoption of this legislature. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These articles shifted the popular opinion in favor of a law being made to protect the regulation of
food and prescription drug production.
There were other measures that formed this bill, but it was the muckraking that pushed for the
timing of the bill. One measure was public interests. During this time period many people began to
question the quality of their food and how it was being processed. Also locals would write about
such instances, such as when Adams wrote about the quality of the machines that came in contact
with the meat. This outraged many citizens causing many groups to bombard Congress with their
concerns. Also during this time, there were certain advances that labeled the food market during this
time one of which is the development of cheaper food products. These cheaper products allowed for
more competition between these cheaper brands and the more dominant more expensive brands.
However, these cheaper brands did provide stiff competition for the dominant brands, but in this
case was not necessarily a good thing. While the cheaper products did save those companies money,
it hurt them in the public interest in the long run. This was because there were no regulations and the
companies could alter the food and deceive the consumer, because of this. There was also the fear of
the unknown, such as what the company has to done the food product and how their food was being
handled. This could also lead to consumer being

1906 Pure Food And Drug Act Regulates Drug Ingredients

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