This document discusses various computing languages used for data analysis including Power Query M, DAX, R, and Python. Power Query M is the formula language used in Power Query, while DAX is primarily a formula or query language developed by Microsoft for data modeling and analysis. R is an open-source statistical computing and graphics environment that runs on various platforms. Python is a general-purpose programming language commonly used for tasks like getting data from scripts and customizing visualizations. References are provided for documentation on these languages.

1. 2018/19 1Carlos J. Costa (ISEG)
Carlos J. Costa (2020)
Prof. Carlos J. Costa, PhD
Associate Professor of Information Systems and Operation Management
COMPUTING LANGUAGES

2. 2018/19 2Carlos J. Costa (ISEG)
Carlos J. Costa (2020)

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Carlos J. Costa (2020)
Power Query M Formula Language.
Language used in the context of PowerQuery
It's a functional, case sensitive language like F#.

4. 2018/19 4Carlos J. Costa (ISEG)
Carlos J. Costa (2020)
Data Analysis Expressions
DAX is primarily a formula or a query
language.
DAX was developed in 2009 by Microsoft

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Carlos J. Costa (2020)
• Creating Columns

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Carlos J. Costa (2020)
• Creating Table

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Carlos J. Costa (2020)
• Arithmetic Operations and Conditions:
Sales[SalesAmount] = Sales[ProductPrice] *
Sales[ProductQuantity]
comment = if(Sales[Profit]>0;"Profit";"Loss")
Margin = if(ISERROR(Sales[profit]/Sales[value]);
BLANK();
Sales[profit]/Sales[value]
)
country= SWITCH ( Sales[idCountry],
"Fr", "France",
"Ca", "Canada",
"Me", "Mexico",
"Un", "USA",
"Other"
)

8. 2018/19 8Carlos J. Costa (ISEG)
Carlos J. Costa (2020)
• LOOKUPVALUE
DiscountValue =
LOOKUPVALUE(Discount[Discount];
Discount[Discount Band];
Sales[Discount Band])
TotalCosts = LOOKUPVALUE(
'Product'[Manufacturing cost];
'Product'[idProduct];
Sales[idProduct]
)*Sales[Units Sold]

9. 2018/19 9Carlos J. Costa (ISEG)
Carlos J. Costa (2020)
• Summarizing
AllSales = sum(Sales[TotalSales_no_Discount])
• SUMX allows to iterate line by line
AllSales =
SUMX (
Sales;
Sales[Sale Price] * Sales[Units Sold]
)

10. 2018/19 10Carlos J. Costa (ISEG)
Carlos J. Costa (2020)
• iterate sales but with conditions
AllSales =
SUMX (
FILTER(
Sales;
Sales[idCountry]="fr"
);
Sales[Sale Price] * Sales[Units
Sold]
)

11. 2018/19 11Carlos J. Costa (ISEG)
Carlos J. Costa (2020)
• SQL:
Select Product.Product, Sum([Units Sold])
From Sales, Product
Where Product.idProduct=Sales.idProduct <- inner joint
Group by Product.Product
• Corresponding in DAX:
Table = SUMMARIZE (
Sales;
'Product'[Product];
"SumOfSales"; SUM (Sales[Units Sold])
)

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Carlos J. Costa (2020)

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Carlos J. Costa (2020)
R is a free software environment for
statistical computing and graphics.
It compiles and runs on a wide variety
of UNIX platforms, Windows and
MacOS.

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Carlos J. Costa (2020)
• Getting Data using
script
• Customizing Visualizations

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Carlos J. Costa (2020)
 Generic Language
 License: compatible with GNU-GPL
 Guido van Rossum
• https://www.python.org/

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Carlos J. Costa (2020)

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Carlos J. Costa (2020)
• Getting Data using
script
• Customizing Visualizations

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Carlos J. Costa (2020)
References
• https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/powerquery-m/
• https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dax/
• https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-
bi/desktop-python-scripts
• https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-
bi/desktop-r-visuals