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Peru´s agriculture sector and its
sustainable development/
秘鲁农业部门及其可持续发展
October 13, 2022/2022年10月13日
Carlos Aquino/卡洛斯·阿基诺
Director of Center for Asian Studies/亚洲研究中心主任
San Marcos National University/圣马科斯国立大学
INDEX/索引
• Introduction/简介
• Importance of the agriculture sector in Peru´s economy/农业部门在秘
鲁经济中的重要性
• Problems for a sustainable development of the agriculture sector/农业
部门可持续发展面临的难题
• Conclusions and recommendations/结论和建议
Introduction/简介
• Peru is a country of 33 million people with an area of 1,285,216 km2/秘鲁人
口3300万,占地面积为1285216平方公里
• In 2021 its GDP was of 225.6 billion US dollars./2021年国内生产总值为2256
亿美元。
• In the last two decades it has been one of the fastest growing economies in
Latin America./在过去20年中,它一直是拉丁美洲增速最快的经济体之一
。
• The main engine of that growth has been the export of goods, mainly of the
mining and the non-traditional agricultural exports./其经济增长的主要动力
是货物出口,主要是采矿业和非传统农产品出口。
• The contribution of the agricultural sector (including forestry and fishing) to
Peru GDP was of 7.7% in the year 2020 (% of value added)/2020年,农业部
门(包括林业和渔业)对秘鲁GDP的贡献为7.7%(占增加值的百分比)
In the last two decades it has been one of the fastest growing economies in Latin America./在过去20年中,它
一直是拉丁美洲增速最快的经济体之一。
Source: https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDP_RPCH@WEO/PER/WHQ
商品和服务出口(现价美元) 秘鲁
Source: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.CD?locations=PE
Peru is a country rich in natural resources, especially mining 秘鲁是一个自然资源丰富的国家,
尤其是矿产
2021年采矿生产
世界排名
Source: Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021
Graph 1:/图1:
Source: Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/ 来源: 秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》
REAL PER CAPITA GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT/实际人均国内生产总值
(Index 1960=100)/(指数1960=100)
Annual average % change per
decade/每十年年平均变化百分比
Source:/ INEI and BCRP./ 来源:秘鲁国家统计信息局和秘鲁中央储备银行。
Graph 2:/图2:
Source:/来源: Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》
Source:IMF and BCRP./来源: 秘鲁国家统计信息局和秘鲁中央储备银行。
GDP per capita in international US$ (PPP)/人均国
内生产总值(国际美元)购买力平价
GDP per capita in US$/人均国
内生产总值(美元)
PER CAPITA GDP:IN US$ AND INTERNATIONAL US$ (PPP)/ 人均GDP:美元和国际美元(购买力平价)
Table 1:/表1:
Source: Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/ 来源: 秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT BY ECONOMIC SECTOR/按经济部门分列的国内生产总值
(Real % change)/(实际变化百分比)
Source: INEI and BCRP./ 来源: 秘鲁国家统计信息局和秘鲁中央储备银行。
Average 2012-
2021/2012-2021年平
均值
Average 2017-
2021/2017-2021年平
均值
Primary GDP/第一产业国内生产总值
Agriculture and livestock/农牧业
Fishing/渔业
Metallic mining/金属采矿业
Hydrocarbons/ 烃业
Manufacturing/制造业
Non-primary GDP/二三产业国内生产总值
Manufacturing/制造业
Electricity and water/水电业
Construction/建筑业
Commerce/商业
Services/服务业
GDP/国内生产总值
Table 2:/表2:
Source: Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/ 来源: 秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》
Source:INEI - ENAHO./ 来源: 秘鲁国家统计信息局——秘鲁国家家庭调查局
MONTHLY AVERAGE INCOME BY JOB:/ URBAN AREA -INEI - ANNUAL/ 按工作划分的月平均收入: 市区—秘鲁国家统计信息局—年度
(Soles)/(单独)
Change 2021/2020/ 2021/2020变化
Nominal/标称 Real/实际
Total/合计
By gender/按性别划分
Men/男性
Women/女性
By economic activit/按经济活动划分
Agriculture and livestock/农牧业
Fishing/渔业
Mining/采矿业
Manufacturing/制造业
Construction/建筑业
Commerce/商业
Services/服务业
By age/按年龄划分
From 14 to 24 years/14至24岁
From 25 to 44 years/25至44岁
More than 44 workers/44岁以上工人
By educational level/按教育水平划分
Primary/小学
Secondary/初中
Higher No Univ./高中
Higher Univ./大学
Importance of the agricutural sector in Peru´s economy/农
业部门在秘鲁经济中的重要性
• Even as income in the agricultural sector is the lowest, the sector employs around 29.1% of all the
economically active population employed in the country (see Table 3)/尽管农业部门的收入最低
,但该部门雇用的就业人口约占全国所有从事经济活动人口的29.1%(见表3)
• But Peru´s agriculture sector is divided in two: one oriented for the domestic market, and the other
for export (see Table 4)/秘鲁的农业部门分为两部分:一个面向国内市场,另一个面向出口(
见表4)
• The sector oriented for export is very modern and has been very successfull in positioning Peru as
one of the main exporters of fruits and some vegetables in the world (see Table 5 and 6)./面向出口
的部门非常现代化,并且非常成功地将秘鲁定位为世界水果和一些蔬菜的主要出口国之一
(见表5和表6)。
• The non-traditional agricultural exports in 2021 reached 7.95 billion dollars, a record (its value
increased from a low of only 394 million dollars in the year 2000 and 2.19 billion dollars in
2010)./2021年,秘鲁非传统农业出口额达到79.5亿美元,创历史新高(其出口额从 2000 年
的 3.94 亿美元和 2010 年的 21.9 亿美元的低位增长)。
Table 3:/表3:
Source:/ Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/ 来源: 秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》
Levels/年份 Annual change 2021/2021年度变化
In thousand/单
位:千
In %/单位:百
分比
I. ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION (EAP): 1+2/一、经
济活动人口(EAP):1+2
1. EMPLOYED/1.就业
By economic activity/按经济活动划分
Agriculture and livestock/Fishing/ Mining/农业和畜牧业/渔业/采矿业
Manufacturing/制造业
Construction/建筑业
Commerce/商业
Services/服务业
By size of business/按业务规模
From 1 to 10 workers/1至10名工人
From 11 to 50 workers/11至50名工人
More than 50 workers/50名以上工人
2. UNEMPLOYED/2.失业
II.INACTIVE POPULATION/二. /非活动人口
III.WORKING-AGE POPULATION (PWA)/三. /工作年龄人口
(PWA)
RATES (%)/比率(%)
Activity rate (EAP/PWA)/活动率(EAP/PWA)
Employment/population ratio (Employed EAP/PWA)/就业/人口比率
(就业人口EAP/PWA)
Unemployment rate (Unemployed EAP/EAP)/失业率(失业人口
EAP/EAP)
NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT/国民就业
(Thousand people)/(千人)
Table 4:/表4:
Source: Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/ 来源: 秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》
Table 5/表5
AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION/农业和畜牧业生产
(Real % change)/(实际变化百分比)
Average 2012-
2021/2012-2021
年平均值
Average 2017-
2021/2017-2021
年平均值
A. Agricultural production/A.农业生产
For the domestic market/国内市场
Potato/土豆
Rice/大米
Tangerine/柑橘
Orange/橙子
Tomato/番茄
Banana/香蕉
Galic/大蒜
Lemon/柠檬
Peach/桃子
Pineapple/菠萝
Sweet passion fruit/甜百香果
Passion fruit/百香果
Strawberry/草莓
For industry/工业
Yellow hard maize/黄硬玉米
Oil palm/油棕
Sugar cane/甘蔗
For export/出口
Coffee/咖啡
Asparagus/芦笋
Grapes/葡萄
Avocado/鳄梨
Mango/芒果
Cocoa/可可
Quinoa/藜麦
Blueberry/蓝莓
B. Livestock production/B.畜牧生产
Poultry/家禽
Eggs/蛋
Pork/猪肉
C. Total/C.合计
1/Indudes the forestry sector./1/包括林业部门。
Source:INEI and MINAGRI/ 来源: 秘鲁国家统计信息局和秘鲁农业发展和灌溉部
Table 5:/表5:
Source: Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/来源: 秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》
1/ Exports exclude other goods sold. Besides, exports of copper, zinc and molybdenum in 2021 have been estimated based on the exports reported by MINEM, in
cases of companies that, having made shipments, are not yet listed in the export log./ 1/ 出口不包括销售的其他货物。 此外,2021年铜、锌和钼的出口量是根
据能源和矿业部(MINEM)报告的出口量估算的,以免公司已发货,但尚未列入出口日志。
2/ Indudes furs, leather, and handcrafts, mainly./2/ 主要是皮毛、皮革和手工艺品。
3/ Comprise oil and food sold to foreign aircrafts and reparations of capital goods./3/ 包括出售给外国飞机的石油和食品以及资本货物的赔偿。
Source: BCRP and SUNAT./ 来源:秘鲁中央储备银行和秘鲁国家税务总局。
EXPORTS BY GROUP OF PRODUCTS/按产品分类出口
(Million US$)/(百万美元)
% Change/变
化百分比
% Chg./变化
百分比
Average 2012-
2021/2012-
2021年平均值
1. Traditional exports/1.传统出口
Fishing/渔业
Agricultural/农业
Mining 1//采矿业1
Oil and natural gas/石油和天然气
2. Non-Traditional exports/2.非传统出口
Agricultural products/农产品
Fishing products/渔业产品
Textiles/纺织品
Wood and paper, and its manufacturing/木材、纸张及其制造
Chemicals/化学品
Non-metallic minerals/非金属矿物
lron & steel, and jewelry/钢铁和珠宝
Metal mechanic products/金属机械产品
Others 2/ / 其他2/
3. Others 3/ / 3.其他3/
4. TOTAL/4.总计
Table 6:/表6:
Source:/ Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/ 来源: 秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》
MAIN NON-TRADITIONALAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS/主要非传统农产品
(Million US$)/(百万美元)
1/ Average percentage change 2014-2021./1 2014-2021年平均百分比变化。
Source:BCRP and SUNAT./ 来源:秘鲁中央储备银行和秘鲁国家税务总局。
Subtotal/小计
Total/合计
Most popular products/最受欢迎的产品 Average % Change 2012-
2021/2012-2021年平均变化百
分比
Fresh grapes/新鲜葡萄
Blueberries 2/ / 蓝莓2/
Fresh avocados/新鲜鳄梨
Fresh asparagus/新鲜芦笋
Fresh mangoes/新鲜芒果
Shrimp and prawn feed/小虾和明虾饲料
Organic bananas/有机香蕉
Cocoa and other uses/可可和其他用途
Quinoa/藜麦
Asparagus prepared/芦笋制品
Canned artichokes/洋蓟罐头
Fresh onions/新鲜洋葱
Frozen food/冷冻食品
Vegetables prepared in vinegar/醋制蔬菜
Prepared or in canned mangoes/芒果罐头
Problems for a sustainable devlopment of the
agriculture sector/农业部门可持续发展面临的
难题
• Around 56.5% of total land of Peru is forest./森林约占秘鲁总土地面积的56.5%。
• “Sustainable agriculture is that type of agriculture whose production is economically viable
and does not cause long-term impacts on the environment” (OECD definition)/“可持续农业
是指其生产能产生经济效益且不会对环境造成长期影响的农业类型”(经合组织的定义
)
• In that sense Peru faces, among others, at least three problems: Deforestation, Land
degradation and Pesticide pollution /从这个意义上来说,秘鲁至少面临三个问题:滥伐森
林、土地退化和农药污染
• In the Amazon basin the problema is serious because of deforestation for logging, burning of
forests, and illegal mining activity/由于砍伐树木、焚烧森林和非法采矿活动,这个问题
在亚马逊流域十分严重
• Land degradation happens in the Andes and also in the coast región/安第斯山脉和沿海地区
也发生了土地退化现象
• But also the modern agriculture sector in the coast región is experimenting problems with the
use of water (because of some water-intensive crops)/但是,沿海地区的现代农业部门也在
试验用水问题(由于一些水资源密集型作物)
Map of Peru/秘鲁地图
Source/来源: https://geology.com/world/1200/peru-
physical-map.jpg
AGRICULTURE AND DEFORESTATION IN THE
PERUVIAN AMAZON/秘鲁亚马逊流域的农业和森林砍伐
Source:/来源: https://www.maaproject.org/2021/ag-
deforestation-peru/
Peru's first National Agriculturol Areo Map./秘鲁第一幅国家农业区地图。
Source:MIDAGRI./来源:秘鲁农业发展与灌溉部
AGRICULTURE AND DEFORESTATION IN THE
PERUVIAN AMAZON/秘鲁亚马逊流域的农业和森林砍伐
Source:/来源: https://www.maaproject.org/2021/ag-
deforestation-peru/
Base Map showing our major results.Data:MAAP, MIDAGRI,
MINAM/Geobosques./MAAP,Double click to enlarge./显示主要成果的底图。
数据来源: 秘鲁农业发展与灌溉部/秘鲁环境部/地质勘探。 双击放大。
Forest Loss 2001-17 > Agriculture Area 2018
/2001-2017年森林损害>2018年农业区
Other Agriculture Area 2018/2018年其他农业区
Other Forest Loss 2001-17/2001-17年其他森林损害
Amazon Watershed/亚马逊流域
Conclusions and recommendations/结论和
建议
• Peru´s economy is growing, among other things because of its export sector,
and within this the non-traditional agriculture sector is a great success
story./秘鲁经济的增长得益于其出口部门,其中非传统农业部门是一个
巨大的成功案例。
• But the agriculture sector itself faces some problemas that could jeopardize
its sustainable development./但是,农业部门本身面临一些可能危及其可
持续发展的问题。
• But Peru can ovecome these problems if it use it resources available, among
others, the abundant water in the Amazon and Andean región, and
modernize its traditional agriculture sector./但是,秘鲁如果利用现有的资
源,尤其是亚马逊和安第斯地区丰富的水资源,实现传统农业部门的
现代化,便能够克服这些问题。

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Peru´s agriculture sector and its sustainable development --译文.pptx

  • 1. Peru´s agriculture sector and its sustainable development/ 秘鲁农业部门及其可持续发展 October 13, 2022/2022年10月13日 Carlos Aquino/卡洛斯·阿基诺 Director of Center for Asian Studies/亚洲研究中心主任 San Marcos National University/圣马科斯国立大学
  • 2. INDEX/索引 • Introduction/简介 • Importance of the agriculture sector in Peru´s economy/农业部门在秘 鲁经济中的重要性 • Problems for a sustainable development of the agriculture sector/农业 部门可持续发展面临的难题 • Conclusions and recommendations/结论和建议
  • 3. Introduction/简介 • Peru is a country of 33 million people with an area of 1,285,216 km2/秘鲁人 口3300万,占地面积为1285216平方公里 • In 2021 its GDP was of 225.6 billion US dollars./2021年国内生产总值为2256 亿美元。 • In the last two decades it has been one of the fastest growing economies in Latin America./在过去20年中,它一直是拉丁美洲增速最快的经济体之一 。 • The main engine of that growth has been the export of goods, mainly of the mining and the non-traditional agricultural exports./其经济增长的主要动力 是货物出口,主要是采矿业和非传统农产品出口。 • The contribution of the agricultural sector (including forestry and fishing) to Peru GDP was of 7.7% in the year 2020 (% of value added)/2020年,农业部 门(包括林业和渔业)对秘鲁GDP的贡献为7.7%(占增加值的百分比)
  • 4. In the last two decades it has been one of the fastest growing economies in Latin America./在过去20年中,它 一直是拉丁美洲增速最快的经济体之一。 Source: https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDP_RPCH@WEO/PER/WHQ
  • 6. Peru is a country rich in natural resources, especially mining 秘鲁是一个自然资源丰富的国家, 尤其是矿产 2021年采矿生产 世界排名 Source: Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021
  • 7. Graph 1:/图1: Source: Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/ 来源: 秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》 REAL PER CAPITA GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT/实际人均国内生产总值 (Index 1960=100)/(指数1960=100) Annual average % change per decade/每十年年平均变化百分比 Source:/ INEI and BCRP./ 来源:秘鲁国家统计信息局和秘鲁中央储备银行。
  • 8. Graph 2:/图2: Source:/来源: Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》 Source:IMF and BCRP./来源: 秘鲁国家统计信息局和秘鲁中央储备银行。 GDP per capita in international US$ (PPP)/人均国 内生产总值(国际美元)购买力平价 GDP per capita in US$/人均国 内生产总值(美元) PER CAPITA GDP:IN US$ AND INTERNATIONAL US$ (PPP)/ 人均GDP:美元和国际美元(购买力平价)
  • 9. Table 1:/表1: Source: Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/ 来源: 秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT BY ECONOMIC SECTOR/按经济部门分列的国内生产总值 (Real % change)/(实际变化百分比) Source: INEI and BCRP./ 来源: 秘鲁国家统计信息局和秘鲁中央储备银行。 Average 2012- 2021/2012-2021年平 均值 Average 2017- 2021/2017-2021年平 均值 Primary GDP/第一产业国内生产总值 Agriculture and livestock/农牧业 Fishing/渔业 Metallic mining/金属采矿业 Hydrocarbons/ 烃业 Manufacturing/制造业 Non-primary GDP/二三产业国内生产总值 Manufacturing/制造业 Electricity and water/水电业 Construction/建筑业 Commerce/商业 Services/服务业 GDP/国内生产总值
  • 10. Table 2:/表2: Source: Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/ 来源: 秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》 Source:INEI - ENAHO./ 来源: 秘鲁国家统计信息局——秘鲁国家家庭调查局 MONTHLY AVERAGE INCOME BY JOB:/ URBAN AREA -INEI - ANNUAL/ 按工作划分的月平均收入: 市区—秘鲁国家统计信息局—年度 (Soles)/(单独) Change 2021/2020/ 2021/2020变化 Nominal/标称 Real/实际 Total/合计 By gender/按性别划分 Men/男性 Women/女性 By economic activit/按经济活动划分 Agriculture and livestock/农牧业 Fishing/渔业 Mining/采矿业 Manufacturing/制造业 Construction/建筑业 Commerce/商业 Services/服务业 By age/按年龄划分 From 14 to 24 years/14至24岁 From 25 to 44 years/25至44岁 More than 44 workers/44岁以上工人 By educational level/按教育水平划分 Primary/小学 Secondary/初中 Higher No Univ./高中 Higher Univ./大学
  • 11. Importance of the agricutural sector in Peru´s economy/农 业部门在秘鲁经济中的重要性 • Even as income in the agricultural sector is the lowest, the sector employs around 29.1% of all the economically active population employed in the country (see Table 3)/尽管农业部门的收入最低 ,但该部门雇用的就业人口约占全国所有从事经济活动人口的29.1%(见表3) • But Peru´s agriculture sector is divided in two: one oriented for the domestic market, and the other for export (see Table 4)/秘鲁的农业部门分为两部分:一个面向国内市场,另一个面向出口( 见表4) • The sector oriented for export is very modern and has been very successfull in positioning Peru as one of the main exporters of fruits and some vegetables in the world (see Table 5 and 6)./面向出口 的部门非常现代化,并且非常成功地将秘鲁定位为世界水果和一些蔬菜的主要出口国之一 (见表5和表6)。 • The non-traditional agricultural exports in 2021 reached 7.95 billion dollars, a record (its value increased from a low of only 394 million dollars in the year 2000 and 2.19 billion dollars in 2010)./2021年,秘鲁非传统农业出口额达到79.5亿美元,创历史新高(其出口额从 2000 年 的 3.94 亿美元和 2010 年的 21.9 亿美元的低位增长)。
  • 12. Table 3:/表3: Source:/ Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/ 来源: 秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》 Levels/年份 Annual change 2021/2021年度变化 In thousand/单 位:千 In %/单位:百 分比 I. ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION (EAP): 1+2/一、经 济活动人口(EAP):1+2 1. EMPLOYED/1.就业 By economic activity/按经济活动划分 Agriculture and livestock/Fishing/ Mining/农业和畜牧业/渔业/采矿业 Manufacturing/制造业 Construction/建筑业 Commerce/商业 Services/服务业 By size of business/按业务规模 From 1 to 10 workers/1至10名工人 From 11 to 50 workers/11至50名工人 More than 50 workers/50名以上工人 2. UNEMPLOYED/2.失业 II.INACTIVE POPULATION/二. /非活动人口 III.WORKING-AGE POPULATION (PWA)/三. /工作年龄人口 (PWA) RATES (%)/比率(%) Activity rate (EAP/PWA)/活动率(EAP/PWA) Employment/population ratio (Employed EAP/PWA)/就业/人口比率 (就业人口EAP/PWA) Unemployment rate (Unemployed EAP/EAP)/失业率(失业人口 EAP/EAP) NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT/国民就业 (Thousand people)/(千人)
  • 13. Table 4:/表4: Source: Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/ 来源: 秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》 Table 5/表5 AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION/农业和畜牧业生产 (Real % change)/(实际变化百分比) Average 2012- 2021/2012-2021 年平均值 Average 2017- 2021/2017-2021 年平均值 A. Agricultural production/A.农业生产 For the domestic market/国内市场 Potato/土豆 Rice/大米 Tangerine/柑橘 Orange/橙子 Tomato/番茄 Banana/香蕉 Galic/大蒜 Lemon/柠檬 Peach/桃子 Pineapple/菠萝 Sweet passion fruit/甜百香果 Passion fruit/百香果 Strawberry/草莓 For industry/工业 Yellow hard maize/黄硬玉米 Oil palm/油棕 Sugar cane/甘蔗 For export/出口 Coffee/咖啡 Asparagus/芦笋 Grapes/葡萄 Avocado/鳄梨 Mango/芒果 Cocoa/可可 Quinoa/藜麦 Blueberry/蓝莓 B. Livestock production/B.畜牧生产 Poultry/家禽 Eggs/蛋 Pork/猪肉 C. Total/C.合计 1/Indudes the forestry sector./1/包括林业部门。 Source:INEI and MINAGRI/ 来源: 秘鲁国家统计信息局和秘鲁农业发展和灌溉部
  • 14. Table 5:/表5: Source: Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/来源: 秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》 1/ Exports exclude other goods sold. Besides, exports of copper, zinc and molybdenum in 2021 have been estimated based on the exports reported by MINEM, in cases of companies that, having made shipments, are not yet listed in the export log./ 1/ 出口不包括销售的其他货物。 此外,2021年铜、锌和钼的出口量是根 据能源和矿业部(MINEM)报告的出口量估算的,以免公司已发货,但尚未列入出口日志。 2/ Indudes furs, leather, and handcrafts, mainly./2/ 主要是皮毛、皮革和手工艺品。 3/ Comprise oil and food sold to foreign aircrafts and reparations of capital goods./3/ 包括出售给外国飞机的石油和食品以及资本货物的赔偿。 Source: BCRP and SUNAT./ 来源:秘鲁中央储备银行和秘鲁国家税务总局。 EXPORTS BY GROUP OF PRODUCTS/按产品分类出口 (Million US$)/(百万美元) % Change/变 化百分比 % Chg./变化 百分比 Average 2012- 2021/2012- 2021年平均值 1. Traditional exports/1.传统出口 Fishing/渔业 Agricultural/农业 Mining 1//采矿业1 Oil and natural gas/石油和天然气 2. Non-Traditional exports/2.非传统出口 Agricultural products/农产品 Fishing products/渔业产品 Textiles/纺织品 Wood and paper, and its manufacturing/木材、纸张及其制造 Chemicals/化学品 Non-metallic minerals/非金属矿物 lron & steel, and jewelry/钢铁和珠宝 Metal mechanic products/金属机械产品 Others 2/ / 其他2/ 3. Others 3/ / 3.其他3/ 4. TOTAL/4.总计
  • 15. Table 6:/表6: Source:/ Peru Central Bank, Annual Report 2021/ 来源: 秘鲁中央银行,《2021年年度报告》 MAIN NON-TRADITIONALAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS/主要非传统农产品 (Million US$)/(百万美元) 1/ Average percentage change 2014-2021./1 2014-2021年平均百分比变化。 Source:BCRP and SUNAT./ 来源:秘鲁中央储备银行和秘鲁国家税务总局。 Subtotal/小计 Total/合计 Most popular products/最受欢迎的产品 Average % Change 2012- 2021/2012-2021年平均变化百 分比 Fresh grapes/新鲜葡萄 Blueberries 2/ / 蓝莓2/ Fresh avocados/新鲜鳄梨 Fresh asparagus/新鲜芦笋 Fresh mangoes/新鲜芒果 Shrimp and prawn feed/小虾和明虾饲料 Organic bananas/有机香蕉 Cocoa and other uses/可可和其他用途 Quinoa/藜麦 Asparagus prepared/芦笋制品 Canned artichokes/洋蓟罐头 Fresh onions/新鲜洋葱 Frozen food/冷冻食品 Vegetables prepared in vinegar/醋制蔬菜 Prepared or in canned mangoes/芒果罐头
  • 16. Problems for a sustainable devlopment of the agriculture sector/农业部门可持续发展面临的 难题 • Around 56.5% of total land of Peru is forest./森林约占秘鲁总土地面积的56.5%。 • “Sustainable agriculture is that type of agriculture whose production is economically viable and does not cause long-term impacts on the environment” (OECD definition)/“可持续农业 是指其生产能产生经济效益且不会对环境造成长期影响的农业类型”(经合组织的定义 ) • In that sense Peru faces, among others, at least three problems: Deforestation, Land degradation and Pesticide pollution /从这个意义上来说,秘鲁至少面临三个问题:滥伐森 林、土地退化和农药污染 • In the Amazon basin the problema is serious because of deforestation for logging, burning of forests, and illegal mining activity/由于砍伐树木、焚烧森林和非法采矿活动,这个问题 在亚马逊流域十分严重 • Land degradation happens in the Andes and also in the coast región/安第斯山脉和沿海地区 也发生了土地退化现象 • But also the modern agriculture sector in the coast región is experimenting problems with the use of water (because of some water-intensive crops)/但是,沿海地区的现代农业部门也在 试验用水问题(由于一些水资源密集型作物)
  • 17. Map of Peru/秘鲁地图 Source/来源: https://geology.com/world/1200/peru- physical-map.jpg
  • 18. AGRICULTURE AND DEFORESTATION IN THE PERUVIAN AMAZON/秘鲁亚马逊流域的农业和森林砍伐 Source:/来源: https://www.maaproject.org/2021/ag- deforestation-peru/ Peru's first National Agriculturol Areo Map./秘鲁第一幅国家农业区地图。 Source:MIDAGRI./来源:秘鲁农业发展与灌溉部
  • 19. AGRICULTURE AND DEFORESTATION IN THE PERUVIAN AMAZON/秘鲁亚马逊流域的农业和森林砍伐 Source:/来源: https://www.maaproject.org/2021/ag- deforestation-peru/ Base Map showing our major results.Data:MAAP, MIDAGRI, MINAM/Geobosques./MAAP,Double click to enlarge./显示主要成果的底图。 数据来源: 秘鲁农业发展与灌溉部/秘鲁环境部/地质勘探。 双击放大。 Forest Loss 2001-17 > Agriculture Area 2018 /2001-2017年森林损害>2018年农业区 Other Agriculture Area 2018/2018年其他农业区 Other Forest Loss 2001-17/2001-17年其他森林损害 Amazon Watershed/亚马逊流域
  • 20. Conclusions and recommendations/结论和 建议 • Peru´s economy is growing, among other things because of its export sector, and within this the non-traditional agriculture sector is a great success story./秘鲁经济的增长得益于其出口部门,其中非传统农业部门是一个 巨大的成功案例。 • But the agriculture sector itself faces some problemas that could jeopardize its sustainable development./但是,农业部门本身面临一些可能危及其可 持续发展的问题。 • But Peru can ovecome these problems if it use it resources available, among others, the abundant water in the Amazon and Andean región, and modernize its traditional agriculture sector./但是,秘鲁如果利用现有的资 源,尤其是亚马逊和安第斯地区丰富的水资源,实现传统农业部门的 现代化,便能够克服这些问题。