Maria Camila Duque Restrepo UPB

1. COULD WE BE THE SOLUTION?
Maria Camila Duque Restrepo
Medicine Student
UPB

2. B I B L I O G R A P H Y
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology [Internet] 20 June, 2017:
ScienceDaily. [Retrieved 14 July
2017]. Available in: https://
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/
2017/06/170620093229.htm
Northwestern University [Internet]
10 July, 2017: ScienceDaily.
[Retrieved 14 July 2017]. Available in:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/
releases/2017/07/170710160943.htm
COULD WE BE THE SOLUTION?
Maria Camila Duque Restrepo
Medicine Student UPB
Additionally it can help
couples who have had
multiple miscarriages to
find the reason behind
them.
In Pediatrics, karyotype
is used to examine
babies and kids who
have unusual features or
development delays.
In Hematology, utilized
to find the Philadelphia
chromosome found in
chronic myelogenous
leukemia CML.
M E D I C A L U T I L I T Y
Chromosomes can
suffer deletions of an
arm or a small part of it.
Also there can be an
increase in the number
of chromosomes. This is
the most important
reason why Karyotype
is useful in Medicine.

3. Chromosomes carry all that genetic
information and so its constitution
inside the nucleus is of mayor
importance, this constitution is
called KARYOTYPE, which is
unique for every human being.
In order for us to observe and
analyze the karyotype, first we have
to use a group of techniques called
CELL CULTURE. Usually we
need cells going through division
because they need to be in a specific
stage: Prometaphase or Metaphase.
The biologists of MIT discovered the
mechanism used by the immune system
when its going to combat genetically
imbalanced cells. This is right after
noticing a problem in the genetic
information, the cell sends out recruit
signals to Natural Killer cells and they
destroy them.
Cells in our body signal
for many functions,
like to stop or start
their cycle . This had
been considered almost
impossible for years
but scientists have
found a synthetic
material able to trigger
this kind of signals in
cells.
This could help in
effective regenerative
treatments. It signals
neural stem cells to
proliferate, and when
the time comes, trigger
the differentiation into
neurons.
HOW CELLS COMBAT
C H R O M O S O M E IMBALANCE
I N T R O D U C T I O N
STUDENTS OPINION
I think this is a huge step that the
scientific community has made,
because it shows that we wouldn’t need
to put a foreign body into our own in
order to find a cure, but our own cells
are the ones who have the answer.
“This may be a huge step towards the
fight against cancer”
– professors and members of cancer
research institutes
The state of chromosome imbalance is
called aneuploidy and usually its fatal
for the organism, in human with the
exception of chromosomes 21, 13 and
18. Also aneuploidy holds cell division,
this intrigued the researcher because it
is known that most cancer cells are
aneuploid and they proliferate
uncontrollably.
NEW TECHNOLOGY TO MANIPULATE CELLS
COULD H E L P T R E A T
PARKINSON’S, ARTHRITIS,OTHER DISEASES
Skin cells could be
converted in specific
stem cells using
techniques already
known or the synthetic
material, then activate
the differentiation of
the stem cells into
dopamine-producing
neurons. The new
technique uses
specially codified DNA
strands that will
activate the process of
conversion into
specific stem cells.
STUDENTS OPINION
I think this will be a great relief for
patients and their family, because it will
give them a better life quality and
family time.

4. The nucleus is the most
important part of the cell
It holds all the genetic
information that codes
for:
Proteins
EnzymesFunctions

5. HOW CELLS COMBAT
CHROMOSOME IMBALANCE

6. NATURAL KILLER cells
By the absence or decreased
expression of MHC class I
molecules on the cell's surface
Cytotoxic function
Which cell has an important role in
immunity against viruses and in
tumor surveillance?
large granular
lymphocytes
They appear in
week 6 of
gestation
Why?
How?

7. A n e u p l o i d y
happens when
i n c e l u l a r
division the
c h r o m o s o m e s
d i v i d e
unevenly

8. “These cells are in a downward
spiral where they start out with a
little bit of genomic mess, and it
just gets worse and worse”
– Angelika Amon

9. Students
opinion
It’s amazing out our NK cells are capable of identifying
the cells that are defective with certain cytokines
produced by them without affecting the surroundings.
And that there is no need for radiation and
chemotherapy that hits patients so hard.

10. NEW TECHNOLOGY TO MANIPULATE
CELLS COULD HELP TREAT PARKINSON’S,
ARTHRITIS, OTHER DISEASES

11. Stem cells are a class of
undifferentiated cells that
are able to differentiate
into specialized cell types
Embryos Aldult tissue
This unique cells can be
found in

12. Neurodegenerative diseases occur when nerve
cells in the brain or peripheral nervous
system lose function over time and ultimately
die
Parkinson’s crude incidence rate of 4.5–19 per 100 000
population per year

13. Parkinson’s is a movement disorder caused by a neurological
problem
Dopaminergic cell can no longer produce
dopamine
Trembling
Stiffness
Slowness
Poor balance and coordination

14. O
P
I
N
I
O
N
Patients usually have
conflict when accepting
the treatment because
it’s uncomfortable for
them or it causes some
kind of negative effect
on their health and
their life quality is
seriously compromised.
So I think it’s very
useful that there are
techniques that allow
our patients to be happy
with the treatment.
students

15. MEDICAL UTILITY

16. N o w - a - d a y s w e
h a v e m a n y
teratogens that
can cause a very
l o n g l i s t o f
genetic problems
in our newborns
specially when
they are consumed
through the third
and eight week of
pregnancy.
Valproic acid
Tetraciclin
and androgenic steroids
Some examples

17. A great number of
pathologies that are
listed in Hematology have
s o m e k i n d o f
translocation, deletion, or
r e a r r a n g e m e n t i n
chromosomes which is
the primary cause of the
disease.

18. Just a few days ago, there was a
stem cell transplant in Medellín
A ten month old baby was the
patient, he suffered of an
immunological disease and was
saved because of this technique

19. UpToDate [Internet]. Walthman (MA): UpToDate; 2005 [updated
09 July 2014; retrieved 27 July 2017]. Available in: http://
www.uptodate.com/contents/the-development-of-immune-cells-
in-the-fetus-and-neonate?source=search_result&search=the-
d e v e l o p m e n t - o f - i m m u n e - c e l l s - i n - t h e - f e t u s - a n d
neonate&selectedTitle=1%7E150
Medline Plus [Internet]. USA: Medline Plus; 2016 [updated 7
August 2017; retrieved 10 August 2017]. Available in: https://
medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html
Noticias Caracol [Internet]. Medellin: Noticias Caracol; 2017
[updated 4 August 2017; retrieved 6 August 2017]. Available in:
https://noticias.caracoltv.com/medellin/gracias-al-trasplante-de-
celulas-de-cordon-umbilical-medicos-le-salvaron-la-vida-bebe-
de-10-meses
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