Diabetes mellitus type 1 (Type 1 diabetes, T1DM, formerly known as insulin dependent or juvenile diabetes) is a form of diabetes mellitus that results a progressive autoimmune disease, in which the beta cells that produce insulin are slowly destroyed by the body's own immune system. It is unknown what first starts this cascade of immune events, but evidence suggests that both a genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as a viral infection, are involved. The subsequent lack of insulin leads to increased blood and urine glucose. Eventually, type 1 diabetes is fatal unless treated with insulin. Diabetes was one of the first diseases described, with an Egyptian manuscript from c. 1500 BCE mentioning "too great emptying of the urine". The first described cases are believed to be of Type 1 Diabetes. Indian physicians around the same time identified the disease and classified it as madhumeha or "honey urine", noting the urine would attract ants. The term "diabetes" or "to pass through" was first used in 230 BCE by the Greek Appollonius of Memphis. The disease was considered as rare during the time of the Roman Empire, with Galen commenting he had only seen two cases during his career. Galen named the disease "diarrhea of the urine" (diarrhea urinosa). He described the symptoms and the course of the disease, which he attributed to the moisture and coldness.

1. Group member :
1. Nur Ain Atiqa binti Azeman (03-201203-00124)
2. Ratna Seri Dewi binti Md. Yunus (03-201203-00079)

4.  Indian physicians identified Diabetes Mellitus as
madhumeha or "honey urine", noting the urine would attract
ants.
 Diabetes mellitus type 1 (Type 1 diabetes, T1DM).
 Formerly known as ‘insulin dependent’.
 Usually a progressive autoimmune disease, in which the beta
cells that produce insulin are slowly destroyed by the body's
own immune system.

5. Islets of
Langerhans
contain beta cells
and are located
within the
pancreas. Beta
cells produce
insulin which is
needed to
metabolize
glucose within
the body.

7.  Lifestyle
 Diet
 Genetic
 Chemical and drugs

9.  Genetic
This factors also cannot fully explain
the development of diabetes.

11.  Polyuria (frequent urination)
 Polydipsia (excessive thirst)
 Polyphagia (excessive hunger)
 Weight loss
 Vomiting and nausea
 Abdominal pain
 Blurred vision
 Numbness in legs
 Slow healing wounds
 Rapidly breathing
 Extreme lethargy

12. COMPLICATION
Eye damage (retinopathy)
 Nerve damage (neuropathy)
 Kidney Disease (nephropathy)
 Heart and artery disease
Foot problems

14. Insulin therapy
Pancreas transplantation
Immunosuppressive Drugs (Cyclosporine A)

16. Diet
Drink lot of water
Avoid alcohol
Always consult with physician
Lifestyle