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Mounting CDROMs on Solaris
News Recommended Links Reference Bootable CDs and CD
burining on Solaris Installation
Using vold Direct mounting using
mount command Sharing CDROM Unmounting the CD-ROM
Drive
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Unix in general and Solaris in particular has the propensity to make simple tasks complex and mounting CDROM
is one of such cases. There are two main ways of mount CDROM on Solaris
Using vold daemon
Direct mounting using mount command
Using vold
The simplest way to mount CDROM on Solaris is use vold
daemon. The vold daemon in Solaris manages the CD-ROM
device and automatically performs the mounting similar
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2. to how Windows manages CDROMs (but not as transparent
or reliable). If CD is detected in drive its should be
automatically mounted to the /cdrom/cdrom0 directory. If you
are running File Manager, a separate File Manager window
displays the contents of the CD-ROM.
If the /cdrom/cdrom0 directory is empty because the CD-ROM
was not mounted, or if File Manager did not open a
window displaying the contents of the CD-ROM the first step is to verify the vold daemon is running using the
command:
# pgrep vold
If vold is running, the system displays the process identification number of vold. If the system does not display
anything, restart the daemon by entering the following command:
# /usr/sbin/vold &
If the vold daemon is running but did not mount the CD-ROM, stop the vold daemon process and then restart the
daemon. To stop the vold process, you must know the process identification number. you can get it by entering
this command:
# pgrep vold
Restart the vold process by entering the following command:
# pkill vold && /usr/sbin/vold &
Using direct mount command
If approach based on vold does not work you do try to do it via direct mount command. The first step is to determine the device which
corresponds to the CDROM drive on you server or workstation.
CDROM on Solaris is usually linked to device /dev/sr0. You can determine the name of the device by entering the following command:
ls -al /dev/sr* |awk '{print "/" $11}'
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3. This command returns the name(s) of the CD-ROM devices on the server. For example, the command can return the string
/dev/dsk/c0t6d0s2.
You can also get the device name in cxtydzsn format, associated with the CD drive:
% iostat -En
c1t0d0 Soft Errors: 149 Hard Errors: 0 Transport Errors: 0
Vendor: MATSHITA Product: CDRW/DVD UJDA740 Revision: 1.00 Serial No:
Size: 0.56GB <555350016 bytes>
Media Error: 0 Device Not Ready: 0 No Device: 0 Recoverable: 0
Illegal Request: 149 Predictive Failure Analysis: 0
Here
-E displays all device error statistics & -n shows the names in descriptive format. We are interested in only the logical device name
though.
slice 0 is the default
After you determined the name of device for CDROM drive you can use mount command (if mounting directory for example /cdrom does
not exit you need to create it mkdir /cdrom; chmod a+rwx /cdrom ):
mount -F hsfs -r /dev/sr0 /cdrom
or
mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s0 /cdrom
to mount it (I would like to stress it again that directory /cdrom should exist and have proper permissions for operation to succeed).
After then you can check the results using df command, for example
/ (/dev/dsk/c0d0s0 ):11467100 blocks 959851 files
... ... ...
/cdrom (/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s0 ): 0 blocks
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4. If you want to simplify the mount process, you can add an entry to the /etc/vfstab file. Edit the /etc/vfstab file and add the following entry:
/dev/dsk/cൈt6dൈs2 - /cdrom hsfs - no ro
If you have UFS CDROM you can specify multiple entries, one for each typr of the filesystem, for example:
/dev/dsk/cൈt6dൈs2 - /cdrom-hsfs hsfs - no ro
/dev/dsk/cൈt6dൈs2 - /cdrom-ufs ufs - no ro
Sharing CDROM mounted on Remote server/workstation
Use a text editor to create an /etc/dfs/dfstab file, if one does not exist. Add the following line to the /etc/dfs/dfstab file:
share -F nfs -o ro /cdrom/cd1
Ensure your remote machine is enabled as an NFS server by entering the following command:
# ps -ef | grep nfs | grep -v grep
This indicates whether the following daemons are running: /usr/lib/nfs/nfsd and /usr/lib/nfs/mountd.
If these daemons are not running, you need to enable your machine as an NFS server by entering the following command:
# /etc/init.d/nfs.server start
If your machine is enabled as an NFS server, enter one of the following commands:
# share
or
# shareall
Log on as superuser on target machine. Then create a /cdrom directory, if one does not already exist, by entering the following command:
# mkdir -p /cdrom/cd1
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5. Now you can mount the remote CD-ROM as NFS filesystem using command
# /usr/sbin/mount -r remote_machine_name:/cdrom/cd1 /cdrom/cd1
Unmounting the CD-ROM Drive
You need to move out of the CDROM directory to successfully unmount it:
# cd / && umount /cdrom/cdrom0
If CDROM is mounted via NFS from remote computer you need unmount it in two places.
mments
The typical problem is that some process is still using the mounted filesystem. The fuser utility lists processes using a file or files in a
filesystem. To determine what processes may be preventing a filesystem's amount, the -c switch should be used:
fuser -c /cdrom
This command will list the process ids of processes with open files in the filesystem mounted under /mnt. The characters following the pid
provide additional information about the file:
c - the process is using the file as its current working directory
m - the file is mapped with mmap
o - the process is using it as an open file
r - the file is the root directory of the process
t - the process is accessing the file as a text file
y - this file is the controlling terminal for the process
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6. Before unmounting a filesystem, Solaris checks to ensure that no files are open to prevent loss of
data. The following are steps that can be followed when a filesystem won't unmount.
The fuser utility lists processes using a file or files in a filesystem. It's To determine what processes may be preventing a filesystem's
umount, the -c switch must be used as running this command as root:
fuser -c /mnt
/mnt: 19504tm 19492tm 19460tm
This command will list the process ids of processes with open files in the filesystem mounted under /mnt. The characters following the
pid provide additional information about the file:
c - the process is using the file as its current working directory
m - the file is mapped with mmap
o - the process is using it as an open file
r - the file is the root directory of the process
t - the process is accessing the file as a text file
y - this file is the controlling terminal for the process
A useful option for fuser is -u which adds the username owning the process to the display:
fuser -cu /mnt
/mnt: 19504tm(root) 19492tm(root) 19460tm(qmchenry)
If you feel comfortable killing the processes reported by fuser, you can do it in one quick blow with the -k option:
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7. fuser -ck /mnt
This sends the SIGKILL signal to each process which is the same as running kill pid to each process.
However, before you go to this extreme, perhaps the most common reason a filesystem won't unmount is because you (or a previous
shell you used) has its current working directory in that filesystem.
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8. Old News
SUMMARY howto mount a cdrom in solaris
Brent Bailey mrb at bmyster.com
Wed May 19 17:36:33 EDT 2004
again.. i want to thank the following people Bhavesh Shah and Debbie for
giving a clue to my question..
QUESTION: how do you mount a cdrom in solaris
SUMMARY:
Bhavesh Shah said:
1) just make sure automountd daemon is running - if not start it from
/etc/init.d - /etc/init.d/autofs start
then mount insert the cdrom and it will be automatically mounted.
2) mount -F hsfs /dev/dsk/cxtxdxs2 /mnt
Debbie said:
If you have vold running (via /etc/init.d/volmgt) it will
mount automatically. To have it mount immediately, you
can run "volcheck" (or "volcheck -v" for more information).
Then to eject it, type "eject cdrom" at the prompt (the
button on the device won't work). Also, if it's a
CDW or CDRW, you need to turn off vold before trying
to write (or even run "cdrecord --scanbus").
again ,,,thank you
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10. Reference
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Index
Book Information
Preface
1. Managing Removable Media (Overview)
2. Managing Removable Media (Tasks)
3. Accessing Removable Media (Tasks)
4. Writing CDs and DVDs (Tasks)
5. Managing Devices (Overview/Tasks)
6. Dynamically Configuring Devices (Tasks)
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16. The format Utility (Reference)
17. Managing File Systems (Overview)
18. Creating UFS, TMPFS, and LOFS File Systems (Tasks)
19. Mounting and Unmounting File Systems (Tasks)
20. Using The CacheFS File System (Tasks)
21. Configuring Additional Swap Space (Tasks)
22. Checking UFS File System Consistency (Tasks)
23. UFS File System (Reference)
24. Backing Up and Restoring File Systems (Overview)
25. Backing Up Files and File Systems (Tasks)
26. Using UFS Snapshots (Tasks)
27. Restoring Files and File Systems (Tasks)
28. UFS Backup and Restore Commands (Reference)
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