The document discusses the key physical features of Earth. It describes that Earth's surface is made up of both emerged and submerged lands, including six continents in the Northern Hemisphere and five oceans mostly in the Southern Hemisphere. It also explains that landforms like mountains and valleys are shaped by both internal forces within Earth and external erosion factors. Specific types of landforms like plains, plateaus, hills, mountains, valleys, canyons, peninsulas and islands are defined.

1. THE EARTH’S RELIEF

2. CONTINENTS AND OCEANS
On the Earth’s crust there are emerged and
submerged lands:
• Continents occupy 30% of the land surface
and are surrounded by oceans and seas. There
are six continents: Asia, America, Africa,
Antarctica, Europe and Australia.
• Most of the emerged land is in the northern
hemisphere.

3. CONTINENTS AND OCEANS
• Oceans are large masses of salt water. There
are five oceans: The Pacific Ocean, The
Atlantic Ocean, The Indian Ocean, The Arctic
Ocean and the Southern Ocean.
• Most oceans are in the southern hemisphere.

6. LAND RELIEF
• The Earth’s surface isn’t flat, there
are mountains, plains, plateaux,
valleys, etc.
• The relief of the continents is very
diversed.

7. • The relief is the result of the internal
forces of the Earth(plate movements,
volcanoes, earthquakes, etc.) and
external agents (wind, rain,
temperature, rivers, waves, ice... and
human-beings).

8. VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES
• The movement of tectonic plates can produce
volcanoes and earthquakes.

9. EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS

10. MAIN FORMS OF COASTAL RELIEF

12. LANDFORMS
• The main forms of land relief.
• Definitions and pictures.

13. Plain
A plain is
a flat area on
the Earth’s
surface.

14. Plateau
A plateau is
a flat area
higher than
the land
around it.

15. Hill
A hill is
a small
elevation
in the
Earth's
surface

16. Mountain
A mountain is
a place on the
Earth’s
surface that is
much higher
than the land
around it.

17. Valley
A valley is
a lowland area
between
higher lands
such as
mountains.

18. Canyon
A canyon is
a deep
valley
with very
steep sides

19. Peninsula
A peninsula
is a body of
land that is
surrounded
by water on
three sides

20. Island
An island is
a land mass
that is
completely
surrounded
by water

21. Archipielago
An archipielago
(or
archipelago) is
a group or
chain of islands
together in a
sea or ocean.

22. Coast
A coast is
the area
where the
ocean
touches
the land.

23. Lake
A lake is a
body of
water that
is
completely
surrounded
by land.

24. River A river is a
large
natural
stream of
water
emptying
into an
ocean,
lake, or
other body
of water.

25. Cape
A cape is
a pointed
piece of
land that
sticks out
into a sea

26. Gulf A gulf is a
part of the
ocean that
is partly
surrounded
by land (it
is usually
larger than
a bay).

27. Bay
A bay is
a body of
water that is
partly
enclosed by
land (and is
usually
smaller than
a gulf).

28. Strait or channel
A strait is
a narrow
body of
water that
connects two
larger bodies
of water