GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: This final examination is worth 100 points. There are 3 sections: Multiple choice (40 points), Problems (24 points), and essay (36 points) sections. Read all instructions carefully. * Do not leave any required questions blank. Make your best guesses.* **When answering questions for all sections, use the accompanying Answer Sheet. Submit the Answer Sheet document to your Assignment Folder before or on the due date.** ** MULTIPLE CHOICE SECTION INSTRUCTIONS: Read all instructions carefully. Please answer all questions. Each question is worth 1 points. The Multiple Choice section is worth 40 points. **Do not enter your answers here.** Type in the letter you select as the best answer on the Answer Sheet provided by your instructor. 1] In the scientific method, a hypothesis is _____. A ) is a statement of fact B ) makes a prediction that can be tested C ) is usually proven to be correct D ) can only be tested once E ) all of these [2] Which of the following can be considered a definition of "theory?" A ) A theory can be an explanation of scientific laws. B ) A theory is an integrated explanation of numerous hypotheses, each supported by a large body of observations and experiments. C ) A theory is a condensation and simplification of many data that previously appeared unrelated. D ) A theory is a prediction for new data suggesting new relationships among a range of natural phenomena. E ) All of the above. [3] An integrated explanation of numerous hypotheses is known as a _____. A ) fact B ) law C ) control D ) theory E ) guess [4] What is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method? I. State a problem II. Analyze and interpret data III. Develop a hypothesis IV. Share the results with other scientists V. Design and perform experiment to test the hypothesis A ) I – II - III - IV – V B ) III – I - V – II – IV C ) V – IV – III – II – I D ) I – III – V – II – IV E ) V – II – I – III - IV [5] The law of conservation of energy states that in the absence of external work input or output, _____. A ) energy cannot be created or destroyed B ) momentum cannot be created or destroyed C ) mass cannot be created or destroyed D ) energy can be created and then destroyed [6] That family of elements that is highly nonreactive is called the _____. A ) alkaline earth family B ) transition metals C ) alkali metal family D ) rare gas family [7] The role of a catalyst is to _____. A ) speed up a chemical reaction B ) slow down a chemical reaction C ) act as a reactant in a chemical reaction D ) serve as a product in a chemical reaction [8] Ocean water has a pH around 8.2. Identify the correct statement. A ) Ocean water is neither acidic nor basic. B ) Ocean water is slightly acidic. C ) Ocean water is slightly basic. D ) Ocean water has a neutral pH. [9] During an _____ reaction, _____. A ) exothermic; energy is released B ) endothermic; energy is absorbed C ) both are corre.

1. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: This final examination is worth
100 points. There are 3 sections: Multiple choice (40 points),
Problems (24 points), and essay (36 points) sections.
Read all instructions carefully.
* Do not leave any required questions blank. Make your best
guesses.*
**When answering questions for all sections, use the
accompanying Answer Sheet. Submit the Answer Sheet
document to your Assignment Folder before or on the due
date.**
**
MULTIPLE CHOICE SECTION INSTRUCTIONS: Read all
instructions carefully. Please answer all questions. Each
question is worth 1 points. The Multiple Choice section is worth
40 points.
**Do not enter your answers here.** Type in the letter you
select as the best answer on the Answer Sheet provided by your
instructor.
1] In the scientific method, a hypothesis is _____.
A ) is a statement of fact
B ) makes a prediction that can be tested
C ) is usually proven to be correct

2. D ) can only be tested once
E ) all of these
[2] Which of the following can be considered a definition of
"theory?"
A ) A theory can be an explanation of scientific laws.
B ) A theory is an integrated explanation of numerous
hypotheses, each supported by a large body of observations and
experiments.
C ) A theory is a condensation and simplification of many data
that previously appeared unrelated.
D ) A theory is a prediction for new data suggesting new
relationships among a range of natural phenomena.
E ) All of the above.
[3] An integrated explanation of numerous hypotheses is known
as a _____.
A ) fact
B ) law
C ) control
D ) theory
E ) guess
[4] What is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific
method?

3. I. State a problem
II. Analyze and interpret data
III. Develop a hypothesis
IV. Share the results with other scientists
V. Design and perform experiment to test the hypothesis
A ) I – II - III - IV – V
B ) III – I - V – II – IV
C ) V – IV – III – II – I
D ) I – III – V – II – IV
E ) V – II – I – III - IV
[5] The law of conservation of energy states that in the absence
of external work input or output, _____.
A ) energy cannot be created or destroyed
B ) momentum cannot be created or destroyed
C ) mass cannot be created or destroyed
D ) energy can be created and then destroyed
[6] That family of elements that is highly nonreactive is called
the _____.
A ) alkaline earth family

4. B ) transition metals
C ) alkali metal family
D ) rare gas family
[7] The role of a catalyst is to _____.
A ) speed up a chemical reaction
B ) slow down a chemical reaction
C ) act as a reactant in a chemical reaction
D ) serve as a product in a chemical reaction
[8] Ocean water has a pH around 8.2. Identify the correct
statement.
A ) Ocean water is neither acidic nor basic.
B ) Ocean water is slightly acidic.
C ) Ocean water is slightly basic.
D ) Ocean water has a neutral pH.
[9] During an _____ reaction, _____.
A ) exothermic; energy is released
B ) endothermic; energy is absorbed
C ) both are correct
D ) both are incorrect

5. [10] Elements in the same period on the Periodic Table will
have the _____.
A ) same number of electrons in their outermost energy levels
B ) same number of protons in their outermost energy levels
C ) increasing number of protons as they move across the the
period
D ) decreasing number of protons as they move across the
period
[11] Which of the following represents a chemical change?
A ) Metal expanding when heated.
B ) Dry ice, solid carbon dioxide, undergoing sublimation.
C ) The burning of gasoline.
D ) Ice melting
[12] Groups on the periodic table list elements with _____.
A ) similar chemical properties
B ) different chemical properties
C ) similar number of electrons
D ) similar number of neutrons
[13] Spectral lines are useful in _____.

6. A ) Identifying atoms or molecules
B ) understanding how electrons are arranged in atoms.
C ) both of the above
D ) none of the above
[14] Which of the following does not influence the rate of a
reaction?
A ) Temperature
B ) Surface area
C ) Concentration of reactants
D ) Molar mass
[15] Cups made of different materials are sitting on the kitchen
counter. Each is filled with hot coffee having the same
temperature. Which type of cup will cool the quickest?
A ) Glass
B ) Ceramic
C ) Metal
D ) Styrofoam
[16] Which part of the visible region of the electromagnetic
spectrum has the lowest energy?
A ) The blue end.

7. B ) The yellow end.
C ) The red end.
D ) The ultraviolet end.
[17] Which of the following forces is greatest?
A ) Gravitational Force
B ) Electromotive Force
C ) Nuclear Force
D ) Coulombic Force
[18] As the distance between two oppositely charged particles is
tripled, _____.
A ) the attractive force is one-third as large
B ) the attractive force increases by a factor of three
C ) the attractive force is one-ninth as large
D ) the repulsive force is one-ninth as large
[19] Temperature is generally proportional to a substance's
_____.
A ) chemical energy
B ) vibrational potential energy
C ) rotational kinetic energy
D ) average translational kinetic energy

8. [20] The force of gravity between two bodies depends on their
_____.
A ) masses and charges
B ) masses and distance apart
C ) charges and distance apart
D ) masses only
[21] Identify the correct statement below dealing with Newton's
Second Law.
A ) Force and mass are inversely proportional to one another.
B ) Force and acceleration are inversely proportional to one
another.
C ) Mass and acceleration are inversely proportional to one
another.
D ) Mass and acceleration are directly proportional to one
another.
[22] A box is moved from the floor to the top of a table.
A ) Work is done by the box.
B ) Potential energy of the box increases.
C ) Kinetic energy of the box is constant throughout the
process.
D ) None of the above

9. [23] Light waves and sound waves both consist of vibrations.
However, _____.
A ) sound waves require no medium for transmission
B ) sound and light waves both require a medium for
transmission
C ) light waves require no medium for transmission
D ) light waves require a medium for transmission
[24] Momentum is defined as ________________.
A) weight x height
B) mass x velocity
C) force x distance
D) work/time
[25] To maximize the effect of the net force of a karate punch
on a wood block, you should make sure that ____________.
A) the pice of wood is thin
B) the piece of wood is thick
C) the time of impact is long
D) the time of impact is short
[26] What would be the path of the moon if all the gravitational
forces acting on it vanished to zero?

10. A) a parabola
B) an ellipse
C) a straight line
D) a sine wave
[27] If an atom has 17 electrons, 20 neutrons, and 19 protons,
what is its approximate atomic mass?
A) 39
B) 37
C) 19
D) 17
[28] An element does not react in any chemical reactions. The
element is most likely _______.
A) a halogen
B) an alkaline earth
C) a noble gas
D) an alkali metal
[29] During which geological era did dinosaurs live?
A) Cenozoic
B) Mesozoic

11. C) Paleozoic
D) Precambrian
[30] The theory of plate tectonics helps explain all of the
following except the __________.
A) cause of earthquakes
B) origin of volcanoes
C) origin of mountains
D) origin of earth’s magnetic field
[31] Which of the following is a true statement?
A) Light can not travel through a vacuum
B) Sound can travel through a vacuum
C) Sound can not travel through a solid
D) Sound can travel through a liquid
[32] ______________ rocks form from existing rock.
A) Igneous
B) Metamorphic
C) Sedimentary
D) All of the above
[33] Seasons on earth are caused by ___________.

12. A) a change in distance between the earth and sun
B) the tilt of the earth’s rotational axis with respect to its
orbital plane around the sun
C) a change in solar energy output
D) global climate change
[34] The earth is _____________ of years old.
A) trillions
B) billions
C) millions
D) thousands
[35] The inner planets ________ outer planets.
A) have higher masses than the
B) have higher densities than the
C) are younger than the
D) are older than the
[36] Which is not a specific branch of physical science?
A) Physics
B) Chemistry

13. C) Astrology
D) Meteorology
[37] Condensation is a process that results in ______________.
A) cooling
B) heating
C) convection
D) conduction
[38] A student wants to know whether his rock will float in
water. She measures the mass and volume of the rock and
determines that its density is 2.1 gram/mL. Identify the correct
statement.
A) The only way to know whether the rock will float is to put it
into the water.
B) The rock will float because its density is less than that of
water.
C) The rock will sink because its density is greater than that of
water.
D) None of the above.
[39] Air is classified as _________________.
A) an element
B) a compound

14. C) a homogeneous mixture
D) a heterogeneous mixture
[40] A method used to determine the age of rocks is
________________.
A) radiometric dating
B) relative dating using fossil information
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
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**
COMPUTATION SECTION
Complete all 6 questions in this Short Answer Section
INSTRUCTIONS: Each question is worth 4 points. Total points
for this section is 24 points.
Answer all questions in this section. To get full credit for a
question you must show your work and explain your reasoning
in detail.
**Do not enter your answers here.** Type your answers into the
Answer Sheet provided by your instructor.
[1] A 50 newton horizontal force pushes a 10 kg mass sitting on
a horizontal surface. Additionally, the horizontal surface exerts
a 25 newton frictional force on the mass. What is the
acceleration of the mass?

15. [2] A water wave oscillates up and down three times each
second. The distance between wave crests is 2 m.
a. What is its frequency?
b. What is its wavelength?
c. What is its speed of this wave?
[3] An isotope of the element Thallium, Tl-206, undergoes beta
decay with a half life of 3.1 minutes. Assume you begin with
1.0 grams of the thallium isotope, what mass of the isotope will
be left after 9.3 minutes have elapsed?
[4] Assume that a 6 volt energy source is in a circuit that has a
resistance of 10 ohms. Determine the current and power.
Provide numerical values and units.
[5] A solution has a hydronium-ion concentration of 1.0 x 10-5
mol per liter. What is the pH of this solution? Is this solution
acidic or basic? What is the hydroxide-ion concentration of this
solution?
[6] Balance the following chemical equations.
a. Ni + O2 → Ni2O3
b. F2 + HBr → Br2 + HF
ESSAY SECTION
Complete 4 out of 9 questions in this Essay Section
INSTRUCTIONS: Each question is worth 9 points. Total points
for this section is 36 points.
Answer all questions in this section. Explain in detail to get full

16. credit.
**Do not enter your answers here.** Type your answers into the
Answer Sheet provided by your instructor.
[1] How would you explain the difference between kinetic
energy and potential energy? Give an example from the real
world where potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy.
[2] How would you describe the differences between heat,
temperature, and thermal energy? Give examples of how each
term is used.
[3] Describe the components in the atom. Indicate the charge on
each of the species and their location. Indicate the role, if any,
that each plays in (a) chemistry and (b) nuclear processes.
[4] Describe the difference between an ionic bond and a
covalent bond. Give an example of a compound that exhibits
ionic bonding. Give an example of a compound that exhibits a
covalent bond.
[5] Describe the difference between asteroid and moon.
[6] Describe the difference between weather and climate.
Explain how the specific heat of water plays a role in the
weather of land close to large water bodies.
[7] Explain in your own words the Scientific Method. Why is it
important for non-science majors to have a basic understanding
of science? How could you apply what you’ve learned in this
course to a problem in everyday life.
[8] The ocean has a pH of approximately 8.9. Is the ocean
acidic or basic? There is concern that the ocean is becoming
more acidic. Why might this be occurring and what effect might

17. it have on the ocean’s ecosystem.
[9] Describe the similarity and differences between Newton’s
Law of Universal Gravitation and Coulomb’s Law.
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