Using learners styles and differences to help students learn more and better
1. Using learners styles and differences to
help students learn more and better
Bruna Caltabiano
Livraria Martins Fontes
July 26, 2014.
São Paulo, Brazil
2. Challenge
o Mr. Brown has 6 black
gloves and 10 brown gloves
in his closet. He blindly picks
up some gloves
from the closet.
o What is the minimum
number of gloves Mr. Brown
will have to pick to be certain
to find a pair of gloves of the
3. HINTS
If you pick 2 gloves blindly, can they be of
different colors?
If you pick 3 gloves blindly, can they be of
different colors?
6. "If something exists, it exists in some
amount.
If it exists in some amount, then it is
capable of being measured.“
- René Descartes
(Principles of Philosophy, 1644)
8. Current Wechsler (WAIS–IV, WISC–IV,
WPPSI–IV) IQ classification
IQ Range ("deviation IQ") IQ Classification
130 and above Very Superior
120–129 Superior
110–119 High Average
90–109 Average
80–89 Low Average
70–79 Borderline
69 and below Extremely Low
9. Multiple Intelligence Theory (MI)
First articulated by Howard Gardner, in
1983.
"It's not how smart you are that matters, what
really counts is how you are smart.“
11. Lack of evidence?
1994 – Sternberg
2000 – Allix
2004 – Sternberg and Grigerenko
2004 - Gardner asserted that he would be
"delighted were such evidence to accrue“
12. North America: some
schools have looked to
structure curricula
according to the
intelligences.
Positive response
applied by teachers to
the problems of
schooling.
Seven kinds of intelligence would
allow seven ways to teach, rather
than one.
Educational Use
(Gardner, 1993)
13. “.. the theory validates educators’ everyday
experience: students think and learn in
many different ways. It also provides
educators with a conceptual framework for
organizing and reflecting on curriculum
assessment and pedagogical practices. In
turn, this reflection has led many educators
to develop new approaches that might
better meet the needs of the range of
learners in their classrooms.”
(Kornhaber, 2003)
19. .
You can’t really take all
these individual
differences into account.
The important thing is to
teach the class
I teach very little to the class as
a whole – but my class has lots
of individual tasks and small
group work. I think the
classroom is always a set of
private lessons – as many as
there are individuals.
You can adapt class
lessons to I respond
to many individual
needs and differences
within the group.
(Scrivener, 2005)
21. Managing Differences
1. Gathering useful feedback from learners
Questionnaire for learners: Individual
Learners Preferences
(Scrivener, 2005)
22. Students’ (unedited)
comments
(Harmer, 2007)
“I didn’t like this
kind of music. I
prefer different
kind fo music.”
“It is difficult to express your feeling even in
my mother language, but finally I could
written down something.”
“I think that music is an excellent way to
learn. But I think it will be more interesting
if we work with the lyrics of songs”
“I liked this lesson.
Because it was funny...”
“I liked this subject
because everyone
could find a
connection part of
them. After we
listened a part of
music we could
descrive what we
think.. “
“I love to learn
about music”
23. 2. Using your intuition
3. Vary activities within a unit
“It is essential that we try
to ensure that different learners
styles are catered for as often as
possible.”
(Harmer,
2007)
24. “The important thing to
remember here is that although the ideas
behind learning styles theories (and other
‘pseudo-science’) aren’t based on any
real evidence, it doesn’t mean that we
shouldn’t vary the way we teach in order
to keep our students motivated. Very
often students may just need one more
example put in a different way in order to
reach that ‘Eureka!’ moment, regardless
of their preferred way of learning.”(Williams, 2014)
25. 3 sections in 3 different places
Checking anwers (pairs and groups)
Reacting to a video
Writing after listening
Deciding on the correct sequence
Filling in the blanks
Listening to sounds
Completing a chart or diagram
Listening
26. Besides English, I also studied French and Spanish
I have two dogs and one cat.
I was born in the countryside of São Paulo
New York City is my favorite city in the world.
I love watching drama movies.
Warm-up: The truth about me
(Puchta & Rinvolucri, 2005)
When I was at school, I used to prefer Physics to Arts.
30. Writing - The story of your hopes and
dreams
(Adapted from Puchta & Rinvolucri, 2005)
31. “If teachers can be guided to recognize
students’ unique strengths and
weaknesses through attention to MI, and
can follow with appropriately geared
activities, they will certainly enrich their
language courses and
will possibly enable students to better
accomplish their purposes.”
(Brown, 2007)
1. Provide students with different activities
2. Understand and deal with student’s frustration.
3. Understand and deal with your own frustration.
33. BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
• Brown, Douglas. Teaching by Principles: An
interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy.
New York: Pearson Education, 2007.
• Gardner, Howard. Multiple Intelligences: The
Theory of Multiple Intelligences. New York:
Basic Books, 1993.
34. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Harmer, Jeremy. The Practice of English Language
Teaching. Essex: Pearson Education Limited,
2007.
• Puchta, Herbert; Rinvolucri, Mario. Multiple
Intelligences in EFL. Padova: Helbling Languages,
2005.
• Richards, Jack; Renandya, Willy. Methodology in
Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2002.
• Scrivener, Jim. Learning Teaching. Oxford:
Macmillan Education, 2005.
We all probably know someone who has a lot of energy and is good at sport, and so it’s easy to label them as a ‘kinaesthetic learner’. Indeed, people are different. People have different tastes and interests. People have had different experiences of life, which lead them to store knowledge of the world in different ways
Three teachers: As a generalization, which one is the most similar to you?
The important thing to remember here is that although the ideas behind learning styles theories (and other ‘pseudo-science’) aren’t based on any real evidence, it doesn’t mean that we shouldn’t vary the way we teach in order to keep our students motivated. Very often students may just need one more example put in a different way in order to reach that ‘Eureka!’ moment, regardless of their preferred way of learning. (Williams)
How can we manage to balancewhole class work with attention to individual differences?Get what students like to do: working in pairs, small groups, discussions, explanations, doing exercises, etc
Example: Questionnaire for learners: Individual learning preferences
taken from “Learning
Teaching” p. 408, by Jim Scrivener
Those are the comments from a multinational group of adult students in Britain, were written in response to a lesson in which they were asked to write na imaginary film scene based on a particular piece of music. Apart from demonstrating how individuals respond differently to the same activity, these comments help us decide whether to use a similar kind of activity again, whether to amend it or whether to abandon it.’
As a language teacher, it is not difficult to realize which activities work and which do not.
How to teach a listening activity to different kinds of intelligence?
Learners listen to three sections of a tape in three different places, then form a group to collaborate on their answers to a task.
Learners check their answers to a listening task in pairs or groups before listening a second time.
Learners watch a video and think how they would have reacted to the situation shown and compare with someone.
Learners write a letter after listening to a text.
Learners listen to three pieces of text and decide what the correct sequence is.
Learners complete gaps in the lyrics of a pop song.
Learners listen to sounds inside and outside the classroom and discuss what they have heard.
Learners complete a chart or diagram while listening.
Infinite obsession - YAYOI KUSAMA
ask students to discuss the colors: the ones they see the most, the least, object or shape, the first thing they have noticed, if there is a hidden emotion, why they think so, what questions they would like to ask
Ask students to write a letter to themselves, to be read in the last week of the term. It will be read by themselves, not by anyone else, not even you. They can make plans, write about their feelings, or write something they would like to read later on. Of course it must be written in English. They put the date, start the letter with Dear + their, sign the letter, seal the envelope and give it to you – they can write freely, for once, without having to worry about teacher’s correction. It is linguistic, of course, but mainlly intrapersonal