Food and Nutrition for Lower secondary students
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Subject: Biology/ Lower Secondary They are a brief introduction to chapters. They are simplified explanations with links to videos.
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Food and Nutrition for Lower secondary students
- 1. FOOD AND NUTRITION Why and what we eat, and how food affects our body? BIOLOGY-LOWER SECONDARY 4/25/2020B. SURNAM 1
- 2. About this presentation 1) It is a brief introduction to the subject. 2) Part 1 presents an overview of the topic of food and nutrition. 3) Part 2/3 deals with the specific objectives as prescribed in the MIE book. 4) The worksheets can be adapted to your own needs. 5) Part 3 deals with balanced diet, the importance of balanced diet. NB: The videos contain a lot of information that are often repeated. B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 2
- 3. PART 1 B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 3
- 4. Why do we eat food? B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 4 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
- 5. Why is it important to know about the food we eat? B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 5 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY The food that we eat or we do not eat may/can make us healthy or sick. Video:1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inEPlZZ_SfA&t=215s 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFE1DfAlipo&t=69s
- 6. Part 2 Section 1 B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 6
- 7. Define nutrients as food substances or molecules that all organisms need for proper functioning of the body. • Our food is made up of nutrients. • These nutrients act as fuel, protectors, and body builders in our body. There are 6 nutrients. 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Fats 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 7
- 8. What does “Food rich in” means? Most food contain almost all the 6 nutrients. When we say a food is rich in a certain nutrient, it means that the food contains a high level of that nutrient. B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 8 Examine the detailed labels in these pictures. Carbohydrates=6.8g Fat=16.8g Protein=12g We can find that there is more fat in the picture 1. So we say that the food in picture 1, is rich in fats. PICTURE1 PICTURE2 The food in picture 2 is rich in ____________________.
- 9. HOMEWORK • Examine the labels of canned food, packaged food, soft drinks, any food that you consume. • Find out their ingredients. • Answer the questions: • 1. The food is rich in ______________. • For each of the items B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 9
- 10. Foods rich in___________ B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 10 Carbohydrates Fats Proteins This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC- ND
- 11. Foods rich in___________. B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 11 Vitamins Minerals water
- 12. Part 2 Section 2 B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 12
- 13. Define nutrients as food substances or molecules. Nutrients are made up of molecules Food is made up of nutrients. Nutrients are made up molecules. Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 13 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY- SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY MOLECULES
- 14. State the main role of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 14 Carbohydrates Food for Energy Minerals Food for Health Vitamins Food for Health Proteins Food for Body building
- 16. There Are 2 Types OF CARBOHYDRATES. These 2 Groups Are Further Divided. Carbohydrate Simple Carbohydrate Glucose (From sugar) Fructose (From Fruits) Lactose (From milk) Complex Carbohydrate Starch Fibre B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 16 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
- 17. Carbohydrates There are 2 types of carbohydrates Simple carbohydrate Complex carbohydrate B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 17 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Fructose Glucose Lactose Rice Video on testing the presence of simple carbohydrate: https://www.youtube.co m/results?search_query =test+for+presence+of+ sugar+in+food+ Video on testing the presence of complex carbohydrate: https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=I5Qwlw u8PBM
- 18. Name the Examples Of Food Sources Rich In Simple And Complex Carbohydrates. Video: https://vimeo.com/74242957 Simple Carbohydrate Complex Carbohydrate B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 18 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
- 19. Demonstrate an understanding of starch as a complex carbohydrate made up of simple sugar units. • Video 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5hhrDFo8Vk Video 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YO244P1e9QM Homework • 1. Make a list of all foods rich in simple carbohydrate that you eat. • 2. . Make a list of all foods rich in complex carbohydrate that you eat. B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 19
- 20. What is Fibre? Sources Uses • Dietary Fibre helps us feel fuller for longer and can improve cholesterol and blood sugar levels. • It can help in preventing some diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and bowel cancer. • Fibre is important for our digestive health and regular bowel movements. Fibre helps push the food down our digestive tract by peristalsis. Fibre helps us remove wastes from our body easily. B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 20 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
- 21. B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 21
- 22. B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 22 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC Animal sources of Protein Vegetable Test for the presence of protein: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5X6wCaNPkvc&t=7s Foods Rich In Protein-
- 23. USES OF PROTEINS-Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jf8OdJa8DTU PROTEINS For Growth To make enzymes To make antibodies For Cell Repair And Replacement B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 23
- 24. FATS • USES 1. Fats provide us with energy. 2. Fats insulate our body. This means that it helps us keep warm. • There are animal fats- butter, cream, lard, clarified butter (ghee). • There are vegetable fats, -margarine, vegetable oils, like coconut oil, palm oil, avocado oil, olive oil, mustard oil, peanut butter etc. • Video to test for the presence of fats: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGdb4X9swDQ B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 24
- 25. MINERAL: CALCIUM Sources Uses Helps in bone and teeth formation B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 25 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA What happens when you lack calcium? Rickets What are the signs and symptoms of rickets? 1. Bones become weak-can cause bowed deformity. 2. Bones can fracture more easily. This Photo by Unknown Autho is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
- 26. WATER 1. Our body is made up of approximately 70 % of water. 2. Water is important for the proper functioning of our bodies. a) Water dissolves poisonous substances that are removed from our body though sweat and urine. b) Water helps in digesting food. c) Water helps cool the body. When we sweat, the sweat cools our skin. B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 26 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
- 28. WORKSHEET Case study 1. Mala is always feeling weak and suffers from headaches. She cannot concentrate in class and cannot remember her lessons. 1. What deficiency disease does she suffer from? _______________________________. 2. What will you recommend her to eat so that she gets better? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________. 3. What are the functions of the mineral you have recommended? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 28
- 29. WORKSHEET Case study 2. Jamilah cannot see well at night. 1. What deficiency disease does she suffer from? _______________________________. 2. What will you recommend her to eat so that she can see better? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _________________. 3. What are the functions of the vitamin you have recommended? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________. B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 29
- 30. WORKSHEET Case study 3. Robin has weak bones. He gets hurt easily. He often fractures or breaks his bones. His legs are bowed. So, his mother forbids him to play . 1. What deficiency disease does he suffer from? _______________________________. 2. What will you recommend him to eat so that his bones become stronger? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 30
- 31. WORKSHEET Case study 4. Manuel’s teeth break easily. His bones are not very strong to. He is always wearing a plaster in his arm or foot. His father has forbidden him to take P.E classes. 1. What deficiency disease does he suffer from? _______________________________. 2. What will you recommend him to eat so that his teeth and bones become stronger? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________. 3. What are the functions of the mineral you have recommended? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________. B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 31
- 32. PART 3 B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 32
- 33. Define the term balanced diet as comprising of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals water, and dietary fibres in the correct proportion. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inEPlZZ_SfA&feature=share&fbclid=IwAR2AIKk_nkFGz_OaQfkglzodqIY- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inEPlZZ_SfA&feature=share&fbclid=IwAR2AIKk_nkFGz_OaQfkglzodqIY- qIY-bCAesVZjCpSB1qUxjJx1gCXbSWw0Ibs Question; What is a balanced diet? Answer: A balanced diet gives the body the appropriate nutrients, in the right amount so that the body functions at its best. Balanced diet of each person will depend on the age, lifestyle, work and where the person lives B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 33 Video English and French: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6iIlmLiotg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZH2-VsFrjQ8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgHgOxtonmM
- 34. Balanced Diet For best health: Each case is different. B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 34 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC- ND
- 35. Recognise that malnutrition may be the result of either a lack or an excess of a particular nutrient in the diet Malnutrion Excess of a nutrient/overnutrition Carbohydrate/fat/protein Risk of obesity Risk of diabetes Lack of a nutrient/undernutrition Vitamin A Vitamin D Iron Calcium B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 35
- 36. VITAMIN A Sources Uses B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 36 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA 1.Extremely important for eyes, enables to see at night. 2. Increase the body’s defense against infection. What happens when you lack vitamin A? Nightblindness/We cannot see well or not at all at night. What are the signs and symptoms of lack of vitamin A? We cannot see well or not al all at night.
- 37. Vitamin D Sources Uses B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 37 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY Helps in bone and teeth formation. What happens when you lack Vitamin D? Rickets What are the signs and symptoms of rickets? 1. Bones become weak-can cause bowed deformity. 2. Bones can fracture more easily. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
- 38. MINERAL:IRON Sources Uses B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 38 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Iron helps to form haemoglobin. Haemoglobin’s first role is to transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues to maintain basic life functions. What happens when you lack iron? Anemia What are the signs and symptoms of anemia? 1. WEAKNESS 2. FATIGUE 3. HEADACHES 4. POOR MEMORY AND CONCENTRATION.
- 39. Show an awareness that excess carbohydrates in the diet can lead to diabetes while excess fats can lead to obesity and heart diseases. Excess carbohydrates and fat Excess fuel is stored as fat in the body Obesity Heart disease Pancreas cannot process sugar Diabetes B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 39
- 40. WORKSHEET Case 1: Jean has eaten a loaf of bread, butter, cheese and an omelet for breakfast. 1. Has Jean eaten a balanced diet? _________________ 2. If your answer is “No”, what can he add to his breakfast to turn into a proper balanced meal? ______________________________________________. Case 2. You have bought a regular meal at fast food joint. 1. Is it a balanced meal? 2. What can you add and delete to it, to turn this 3. meal into a balanced one. B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 40
- 41. WORKSHEET/Project work B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 41 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND Instructions: 1. Find out the ingredients that are required to make the following meals: pizza, chicken biryani and steak and chips. 2. Classify the ingredients into the 6 nutrients. 3. Can you turn these meals into a balanced meal? If yes, what will you add to the dishes?
- 42. REFERENCES • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food • https://www.hhs.gov/fitness/eat-healthy/importance-of- good-nutrition/index.html • https://www.healthline.com/health/balanced-diet • https://www.nutritionaustralia.org/sites/default/files/Fibre -2014.pdf B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 42
- 43. THANK YOU B. SURNAM 4/25/2020 43