2. Prevalence of hemangiosarcomaPrevalence of hemangiosarcoma
Dogs:Dogs:
5-7 % of primary malignant neoplasms5-7 % of primary malignant neoplasms
Cats:Cats:
0.5 – 2% of primary malignant neoplasms0.5 – 2% of primary malignant neoplasms
Breeds:Breeds:
German Shepherd DogGerman Shepherd Dog
Golden RetriverGolden Retriver
English SetterEnglish Setter
Bull MastiffBull Mastiff
Great DaneGreat Dane
BoxerBoxer
No breed predisposition in catsNo breed predisposition in cats
3. Forms of hemangiosarcomaForms of hemangiosarcoma
Common sites in dogsCommon sites in dogs
SpleenSpleen
Right atriumRight atrium
LiverLiver
Subcutaneous tissueSubcutaneous tissue
KidneyKidney
Common sites in catsCommon sites in cats
Heart & blood vesselsHeart & blood vessels
Cutaneous &Cutaneous &
subcutaneous tissuesubcutaneous tissue
SpleenSpleen
LiverLiver
LungLung
Arises from vascular endothelial cellsArises from vascular endothelial cells
May arise from any tissue with blood vesselsMay arise from any tissue with blood vessels
In general, cats get hemangiosarcoma less commonly
than dogs but may have a higher rate of metastasis
4. No known cause of hemangiosarcomaNo known cause of hemangiosarcoma
Hemangiosarcoma is the diagnosis in 25-50% ofHemangiosarcoma is the diagnosis in 25-50% of
all splenic masses in dogsall splenic masses in dogs
25% of hemangiosarcoma cases in dogs also25% of hemangiosarcoma cases in dogs also
have right atrium involvementhave right atrium involvement
5. Age of onsetAge of onset
Dog:Dog:
8 – 13 years8 – 13 years
May be more common in male dogsMay be more common in male dogs
Cat:Cat:
8-10.5 years8-10.5 years
No sex predilictionNo sex prediliction
6. Clinical signsClinical signs
Weakness and acute collapse most common signWeakness and acute collapse most common sign
in the dogin the dog
Result of tumor rupture and acute intra-abdominalResult of tumor rupture and acute intra-abdominal
hemorrhagehemorrhage
Lethargy, anorexia, vomiting and abdominalLethargy, anorexia, vomiting and abdominal
distention most common in catsdistention most common in cats
Ascities may also be seenAscities may also be seen
7. TreatmentTreatment
CutaneousCutaneous
Surgery plus radiationSurgery plus radiation
therapy preferredtherapy preferred
Good prognosis with oneGood prognosis with one
discrete, easily resectablediscrete, easily resectable
massmass
Dogs: 780 daysDogs: 780 days
Cats: informationCats: information
unavailableunavailable
Non-cutaneousNon-cutaneous
Surgery (oftenSurgery (often
splenectomy)splenectomy)
ChemotherapyChemotherapy
Many protocols in useMany protocols in use
VincristineVincristine
AdriamycinAdriamycin
CyclophosphamideCyclophosphamide
8. Survival timesSurvival times
DogsDogs
Surgery aloneSurgery alone
(splenectomy)(splenectomy)
Survival times rangingSurvival times ranging
from 19 days to 86 daysfrom 19 days to 86 days
depending on studydepending on study
Summarized medianSummarized median
survival time: 3 monthssurvival time: 3 months
Splenectomy andSplenectomy and
chemotherpychemotherpy
91-492 days depending on91-492 days depending on
studystudy
Summarized medianSummarized median
survival time: 6 monthssurvival time: 6 months
CatsCats
Surgery aloneSurgery alone
(abdominal):(abdominal):
20 weeks20 weeks
9. MatildaMatilda
9 year old spayed female domestic short hair cat9 year old spayed female domestic short hair cat
6 month history of weight loss6 month history of weight loss
3 day history of lethargy and inappetance3 day history of lethargy and inappetance
Bradycardic and hypothermic on presentationBradycardic and hypothermic on presentation
Hemoabdomen and PCV of 12%Hemoabdomen and PCV of 12%
10. Hemothorax and hemoabomenHemothorax and hemoabomen
Lungs:Lungs:
Multiple dark red, firm nodulesMultiple dark red, firm nodules
1-3 mm in diameter1-3 mm in diameter
Covered > 50% of the serosal surfaceCovered > 50% of the serosal surface
Serosanguinous fluid and cream colored foam in theSerosanguinous fluid and cream colored foam in the
distal trachea and lungsdistal trachea and lungs
11.
12. Lung HistopathologyLung Histopathology
Focal area of hemorrhage in lung parenchymaFocal area of hemorrhage in lung parenchyma
Some neutrophils and macrophages scatteredSome neutrophils and macrophages scattered
within the hemorrhagewithin the hemorrhage
Some hemosiderophages around theSome hemosiderophages around the
hemorrhagic areahemorrhagic area
14. Spleen:Spleen:
Dark red nodules ranging from 3-10 mm in diameterDark red nodules ranging from 3-10 mm in diameter
Congested with blood on cut surfaceCongested with blood on cut surface
15.
16. Splenic HistopathologySplenic Histopathology
Pleomorphic spindle shaped cells line blood-Pleomorphic spindle shaped cells line blood-
filled cystic spaces throughout the parenchymafilled cystic spaces throughout the parenchyma
Neoplastic cells with variable amounts ofNeoplastic cells with variable amounts of
eosinophilic cytoplasm, indistinct cellulareosinophilic cytoplasm, indistinct cellular
borders and large basophilic cytoplasmborders and large basophilic cytoplasm
Typically one centrally located nucleolus withTypically one centrally located nucleolus with
small amounts of fine chromatinsmall amounts of fine chromatin
17.
18.
19. LiverLiver
Left lateral liver lobe was covered with diffuse, darkLeft lateral liver lobe was covered with diffuse, dark
red nodules over > 80% of the serosal surface.red nodules over > 80% of the serosal surface.
Pale pink area on the dorsal surface of the left lateralPale pink area on the dorsal surface of the left lateral
liver lobe measuring 6.4 x 3.0 cm.liver lobe measuring 6.4 x 3.0 cm.
Large nodule on ventral surface of the left middleLarge nodule on ventral surface of the left middle
liver lobe measuring 1.4 cm in diameterliver lobe measuring 1.4 cm in diameter
Multiple other small nodules throughout the liverMultiple other small nodules throughout the liver
20. Liver HistopathologyLiver Histopathology
A large cystic structure consisting of manyA large cystic structure consisting of many
neutrophils, fibrin, edema fluid and extravasatedneutrophils, fibrin, edema fluid and extravasated
red blood cellsred blood cells
Multifocal areas of mineral depositionMultifocal areas of mineral deposition
Some spindle shaped neoplastic cells scatteredSome spindle shaped neoplastic cells scattered
throughoutthroughout
Some neutrophils presentSome neutrophils present
21. PancreasPancreas
Approximately 50% of the islets are replacedApproximately 50% of the islets are replaced
with amyloid, a pale, eosinophilic homogeneouswith amyloid, a pale, eosinophilic homogeneous
materialmaterial
22. Pelvic Fat PadPelvic Fat Pad
Large, firm mass 9 x 5.2 x 5.0 cmLarge, firm mass 9 x 5.2 x 5.0 cm
Dark redDark red
Released 20 ml of bloody fluid when cutReleased 20 ml of bloody fluid when cut
23. Pelvic Fat Pad histopathologyPelvic Fat Pad histopathology
Neoplastic cells as seen in the spleen –Neoplastic cells as seen in the spleen –
pleomorphic oval and irregular spindle shapedpleomorphic oval and irregular spindle shaped
cells. The neoplastic cells have variable amountscells. The neoplastic cells have variable amounts
of eosinophilic cytoplasm, indistinct cellularof eosinophilic cytoplasm, indistinct cellular
borders, a large basophilic nucleus and usuallyborders, a large basophilic nucleus and usually
one centrally located nucleolus with smallone centrally located nucleolus with small
amounts of fine chromatin.amounts of fine chromatin.
The blood filled cyst contained manyThe blood filled cyst contained many
neutrophils.neutrophils.
24.
25. References:References:
1. Morrison, WB.1. Morrison, WB. Cancer in Dogs and Cats: MedicalCancer in Dogs and Cats: Medical
and Surgical Management.and Surgical Management. Second ed. TetonSecond ed. Teton
NewMedia, Jackson Wyoming 2002. pgs. 480-481, 679-NewMedia, Jackson Wyoming 2002. pgs. 480-481, 679-
685.685.
2. Rosenthall, RC.2. Rosenthall, RC. Veterinary Oncology Secerts.Veterinary Oncology Secerts.
Hanley & Belfus Inc. Philadelphia, 2001. Pgs. 199-204.Hanley & Belfus Inc. Philadelphia, 2001. Pgs. 199-204.
3. Smith AN.3. Smith AN. Veterinary Clinics of North America:Veterinary Clinics of North America:
Hemangiosarcoma in dogs and cats.Hemangiosarcoma in dogs and cats. Saunders, Philadelphia,Saunders, Philadelphia,
2003. pgs. 533-547.2003. pgs. 533-547.
4. MacEwen EG.4. MacEwen EG. Small Animal Clinical Oncology:Small Animal Clinical Oncology:
Miscellaneous tumors.Miscellaneous tumors. Saunders, Philadelphia, 2001.Saunders, Philadelphia, 2001.
pgs. 639-644.pgs. 639-644.