Hospital Instruments.ppt

HOSPITAL INSTRUMENTS AND
HEALTH ACCESSORIES
Prof. Jyotsna P. Khedkar
M.Pharm (Pharmacology)
PSGVPM’s IOP
Shahada
Prof. Jyotsna Khedkar, PSGVPM's IOP
Shahada

Surgical Instruments:
• Surgical instruments are those instruments which
is commonly used in surgical operations. These
are metal instruments mainly used to open and
close the operating parts of the body. They can
be classified in general according to their use.
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Classification of Surgical
Instruments
1. Scissors:
a. Straight blunt scissors.
b. Straight pointed scissors.
c. Angled scissors with pointed or blunt.
d. Stitch cutting scissors for cutting stitches.
e. Listers bandage scissors to cut the bandage.
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2. Tissue forceps:
a. Un-toothed tissue forceps.
b. Toothed tissue forceps.
c. Haemostatic forceps.
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3. Towel clips or corner clips:
a. Doyen’s type.
b. Gray’s type.
c. Backhaus type.
d. Moynihon's tetra forceps.
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4. Dissecting forceps:
a. Plain dissecting forceps.
b. Toothed dissecting forceps.
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5. Scalpels and their blades
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6. Needles:
a. Hypodermic needles for parenteral.
b. Surgical needles for stitching.
c. Aneurysm needle.
d. Lumbar puncture needle.
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7. Needle holder
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8. Rubber catheters:
a. simple rubber catheter.
b. Self-retaining catheter.
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9. Miscellaneous:
a. Tongue holding forceps.
b. Sponge holding forceps.
c. Bone holding forceps.
d. Piles holding forceps.
e. Bone cutting forceps.
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10. Intestinal clamp:
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1. Scissors:
• a. Straight blunt scissors.
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b. Straight pointed scissors.
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d. Stitch cutting scissors for cutting
stitches.
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c. Angled scissors with pointed or
blunt.
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e. Lister’s bandages scissors to cut
the bandages.
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2. Tissue forceps:
• These are the surgical instrument used to hold
for traction separation of tissue or for preventing
blood flow.
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a. Toothed:
• i. Allis type.
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ii. Lane’s type.
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iii. Moynihon's type.
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b. Non-toothed: Bobcock’s tissue
forceps.
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c. Haemostatic or artery forceps:
• these are used to prevent blood flow.
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3. Towel clips or corner clips
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4. Dissecting forceps:
• These are used to hold various tissues and
structures.
• a. Plain dissecting forceps:
• These forceps have the spring-like handle and
the inner side is serrated.
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Toothed dissecting forceps.
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5. Tongue holding forceps:
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6. Bone cutting forceps :
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7. Needles and needle holder:
• Needles used for suturing: The size and
shapes are modified according to the suturing.
E.g. straight needle, round shaft curved needle,
triangular shaft curved needle, flat shaft curved
needle, lumbar puncture, aneurysm needle etc.
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i. The hypodermic needle used for:
a. parenteral reusable.
b. parenteral disposable.
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ii. Needle holder:
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Catheters:
• These are rubbers tubing which are inserted in
some organs directly through natural openings.
i. Simple rubber catheter : self-retaining foley’s
balloon catheter: They are used to drain urine.
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ii. Rectal catheters or tube: These are used to
remove faces or gases from the rectum.
iii. Stomach tubes: It is used for aspiration of the
stomach contents and feedings.
iv. Oxygen sterile tubes: For extenuation and
connecting.
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Commonly used specific hospital
equipment:
1. E.C.G. Machines:
To record electrocardiogram it helps in recording
electric changes in the myocardium. An ECG
(electrocardiogram) records the electrical activity of
your heart at rest. It provides information about
your heart rate and rhythm and shows if there is an
enlargement of the heart due to high blood
pressure (hypertension) or evidence of a previous
heart attack (myocardial infarction).
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2. Spygno-manometer:
• Checking blood pressure is also performed to
monitor the effectiveness of medication and
other methods to control hypertension, and as a
diagnostic aid to detect various diseases and
abnormalities.
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3. Doppler echocardiography:
• Ultrasound recording used to
diagnose heart disease. An
echocardiogram checks how
your heart's chambers and
valves are pumping blood
through your heart.
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4. X-ray machine:
• It is used to take
internal photographs
of the body and helps
in diagnosis of bone
disorders
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5. CT Scanners:
• They are highly developed
computerized machines
which record morphology
of internal softer organs.
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• To detect abnormalities in the body, such as
tumours, abscesses, abnormal blood vessels,
etc,
• when they are suspected by symptoms or other
tests.
• To give a surgeon a clear picture of an area of
your body before certain types of surgery.
• To pinpoint the exact site of tumours before
radiotherapy.
• To help doctors find the right place to take
tissue samples (biopsies).
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6. Ultra-sound sonography:
• This equipment records images of internal
abdominal organs and is used as a diagnostic
tool. Ultrasound imaging uses sound waves to
produce pictures of the inside of the body. It is
used to help diagnose the causes of pain,
swelling and infection in the body's internal
organs and to examine a baby in pregnant
women and the brain and hips in infants.
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7. Magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI):
• It is also a highly modernized diagnostic tool in
complicated cases.
• An MRI scan can be used as an extremely
accurate method of disease detection throughout
the body and is most often used after the other
testing fails to provide sufficient information to
confirm a patient's diagnosis.
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• In the head, trauma to the
brain can be seen as
bleeding or swelling. Other
abnormalities often found
include brain aneurysms,
stroke, tumours of the
brain, as well as tumours
or inflammation of the
spine.
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8. Lithotripsy:
• It is a non-invasive
technique used to
break up stones
(urinary liver, gall
bladder) using laser
beams.
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9. Glucometer (blood glucose
meter):
• Blood Glucose Meter. A
blood glucose meter is a
small, portable machine
that's used to measure
how much glucose (a type
of sugar) is in the blood
(also known as the blood
glucose level).
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10. Endoscopy :
• Endoscopy is the
insertion of a long, thin
tube directly into the body
to observe an internal
organ or tissue in detail.
It can also be used to
carry out other tasks
including imaging and
minor surgery.
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11. Proctoscopy :
• A proctoscopy is an endoscopic medical
procedure used to examine the anal canal,
rectum, and the sigmoid colon. It plays a key role
in the treatment and management of rectal and
anal diseases and is considered one of the
simplest and most commonly performed
diagnostic procedures, along with
proctosigmoidoscopy and lower intestinal
endoscopy.
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Health accessories and uses:
1. Wheelchairs.
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2. Walkers.
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1. Hospital beds.
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11. Crutches.
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