1) Two peer-reviewed publications that inform early childhood practice were identified. One examined challenges facing the early childhood workforce and efforts to address sustainability issues. The other looked at the use of information and communication technology in early childhood education and its impacts. 2) Key early childhood professional organizations described include the National Association for the Education of Young Children, which connects policy and research to promote high-quality early learning, and the Association for Childhood Education International, which creates awareness of programs and practices affecting young children. 3) The National Head Start Association, which represents children and families in the US and advocates for policy changes to ensure at-risk children receive support, was also discussed. It currently advocates for vulnerable families and children

1. Healthcare: History & Evolution Early Childhood Field Assessment
Healthcare: History & Evolution Early Childhood Field Assessment ON Healthcare: History
& Evolution Early Childhood Field AssessmentBefore submitting your Assessment, carefully
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PreviewPV001 History and Evolution of the Early Childhood Field Short-Answer
Assessment Submission Form Contact Information Please provide your contact information
and date of submission below. Your Name: First and Last Your E-mail address: Your Email
Here Date: Click here to enter a date Instructions This Competency includes a Short-Answer
Assessment. Write your response to each prompt below in the space provided. Beneath the
prompts is the Rubric which will be used by the Competency Assessor to evaluate your
responses. Carefully review the Rubric rows associated with each prompt to provide a
complete response. When writing your response, begin typing where it reads “Enter your
response here.” There are no space limitations; you can write as much as needed to satisfy
the requirements of the prompt (as defined in the Rubric). Save this file as
PV001_firstinitial_lastname, and upload it to this Assessment within the learning platform.
©2014 Walden University 1 ©2014 Walden University 2 Short Answer 1 For each of the
names listed below, write a 1-paragraph response that describes the individual’s
contribution to the early childhood field. Healthcare: History & Evolution Early Childhood
Field AssessmentJohn Amos Comenius Your Response John Amos Comenius created the
first picture book, which he dedicated to early childhood education because he believed that
all kids below the age of six need to be taught in their local language. On the other hand,
John Amos Comenius introduced the notion of grades or stratification of education into

2. levels based on the age and developmental stage of the learner. Johann Pestalozzi Your
Response Johann Pestalozzi set the pace for kindergarten because he introduced a sequence
of instruction that moved gradually from simple to complex, from easy to difficult as well as
concrete to abstract. On the other hand, Johann Pestalozzi emphasized object lessons and
sense experience, which encouraged the introduction of geography and natural science and
geography into the elementary curriculum. Friedrich Froebel Your Response The greatest
contribution of Froebel in the early childhood field was his contribution to the care and
education of young children. Froebel contributed to the early childhood field by his
invention that is known as kindergarten. Even if he was not the first to discover that play is
instructive, he synthesized the existing educational theories with his innovative ideas.
©2014 Walden University 3 Maria Montessori Your Response Maria Montessori greatly
contributed to the early childhood field because she developed the Montessori method,
which is a system of education for kids of up to six years. The system allowed the kids to
learn in a setting where their learning process is majorly based on self-directed activities
with the instructor present to only remove barriers from the environment as opposed to
teaching by rote or disciplining them. Susan Blow Your Response Susan Bow enhanced the
training of St. Louis public kindergarten teachers. Healthcare: History & Evolution Early
Childhood Field AssessmentOn the other hand, her public kindergarten system became a
national model for administering early childhood education to public schools. Susan Bow
implemented Friedrich Froebel’s pedagogy into instruction in America. John Dewey Your
Response John Dewey contributed to early childhood education by facilitating progressive
learning to the elementary curriculum. He facilitated the introduction of a curriculum that
let learners learn by doing. He held to Froebel’s notion that learners learn best when they
are in their natural setting. ©2014 Walden University 4 Patty Smith Hill Your Response
Patty Smith Hill advocated for free play in the education of young children. She developed
blocks for play, which were contrary to the play gifts of Friedrich Froebel, which came to be
referred to Patty Smith Hill blocks. Caroline Pratt Your Response Caroline Pratt contributed
to the early childhood field by arguing that intrinsic motivation, as well as belief, allow
children to construct meaning via play, as argued by Jean Piaget. On the other hand,
Caroline Pratt ed the notion that not only inherited characteristics but also environmental
chances of engaging in the world facilitated the development and learning in early
childhood. ©2014 Walden University 5 Lucy Sprague Mitchell Your Response Lucy Sprague
was an important figure in progressive education who was influenced by another
philosopher John Dewey to recognize the need for learners to learn through play as well as
directed experience. On the other hand, Lucy Sprague democratized progressive education
because he spread its ideas through the development of teacher education as well as
children’s writers. Healthcare: History & Evolution Early Childhood Field
AssessmentMcMillan Sisters Your Response Sisters, Margaret and Rachel McMillian
influenced early childhood education as they developed Open-Air Nursery School. They not
only introduced the notion of starting education while young before fledgling the
kindergarten program, but their school also was meant for kids who came from poor
backgrounds with the influence of Froebel. They advocated for learning via interactions
with the environment and people as the school kept an open environment for exploration

3. for learners to develop. The current elementary schools reflect on the early nursery schools’
principles. Rubric 0 1 2 3 Not Present Needs Improvement Meets Expectations Exceeds
Expectations Sub-Competency 1: Describe the contribution of prominent researchers, early
childhood professionals, and advocates to the early childhood field. ©2014 Walden
University 6 Learning Objective 1.1: Describe the contribution of prominent researchers,
early childhood professionals, and advocates to the early childhood field. ©2014 Walden
University 0 Not Present Description is missing. 1 Needs Improvement Response vaguely or
incompletely describes the key contributions of each individual. 2 Meets Expectations
Response accurately describes the key contributions of each individual. 3 Exceeds
Expectations Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the
following: Response describes the contributions of an additional individual to the early
childhood field. 7 Short Answer 2 For each of the significant events or research named
below, write a 1-paragraph response that describes its impact on the early childhood field.
The Kindergarten Movement Your Response The Kindergarten Movement was founded by
Froebel, and it impacted early childhood as it introduced into the elementary curriculum
the importance of constructive play as well as self-activity.The movement succeeded in
ensuring that the teacher ought not to impose and intervene mandatory education to a kid
in kindergarten age but only uncovers the prevalent and uncovered hindrance to the kid’s
development in terms of creativity. The Inclusion Movement Your Response The inclusion
movement saw diverse and different learners learn side by side in the same learning
environment. Different and diverse students learning side by side in the same classroom.
The inclusive movement has impacted the early childhood field because it has improved the
quality of education that is received by all kids and is important in the change of
discriminatory attitudes. The Progressive Education Movement Your Response The
Progressive Movement exhibited lasting impacts on practice as well as instructional
methodology. Theorists such as Maria Montessori and John Dewey believed that education
ought to be responsive to the interests and needs of the learners contrary to ©2014 Walden
University 8 teaching a curriculum that was proscribed by conventional practice. They led
to the change of the autocratic teaching styles, which greatly relied on memorization and
textbooks. Founding of National Association for Nursery Education (NANE)/ National
Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) Your Response The founding of
NAEYC/NAYE has improved the well-being of kid’s right from birth to eight years as it
emphasizes the developmental as well as the quality of educational services for the kids in
the above-mentioned age brackets. The Bureau of Education Experiments Your Response
Enter Your Response Here ©2014 Walden University 9 Works Progress Administration
Nurseries Your Response Works progress Administration Nurseries played a role as it
initiated programs that led to the development of kindergarten schools, bridges as well as
parks that enabled easy access of progressive learning and constructive play as well as self-
activity by the learners. Healthcare: History & Evolution Early Childhood Field
AssessmentThe Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act Your Response It offers financial
for demonstration programs for the identification, prevention as well as treatment of child
abuse of kids. It also identified the federal role of ing research, data collection, evaluation
as well as technical as it sets forth the age for child neglect and abuse. The Economic

4. Opportunity Act and the Founding of Head Start Your Response It has established agencies
that aim at fighting poverty among the communities. This has ensured that kids from low-
income families are able to access elementary education freely thus reducing child
negligence among the underprivileged families. Hart and Risley’s Meaningful Differences in
the Everyday Experience of Young American Children Your Response It linked the size of
vocabulary to the socioeconomic status as opposed to a language disorder present, and this
expressed the essence of early knowledge during intervention and assessment. The
Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young ©2014 Walden University 10
American Children created awareness that providing education concerning language
simulation to parents enables parents to develop a luxurious language setting for the kids,
and this s the classroom instruction by collaborating teachers and parents. Perry/High
Scope Preschool Project Your Response Enter Your Response Here Rubric 0 1 2 Not Present
Needs Improvement Meets Expectations Sub-Competency 2: Describe the impact of
significant events and research on the early childhood field. Learning Objective 2.1:
Description is missing. Response vaguely or Response accurately Describe the impact of
incompletely describes the describes the impact of significant events and impact of each
event each event and/or research in the history and/or research on the research on the
early of the early childhood early childhood field. childhood field. field. ©2014 Walden
University 3 Exceeds Expectations Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as
“2,” plus the following: Response describes an additional significant event and/or research
and its impact on the early childhood field. 11 Short Answer 3 In a 4- to 6-paragraph
response, identify at least three early childhood professional organizations. Describe the
purpose of each organization and explain its significance to the early childhood field.
Provide a citation for each organization.Your Response The five early childhood
professional organizations I chose include; The National Association for the Education of
Young Children (NAYE), The Association for Childhood Education International (ACE), The
National Head Start Association Council for Exceptional Children and lastly the National
Association for Family Child Care. The National Association for the Education of Young
Children: Aims at promoting high-quality early learning for every young child right from
birth up to eight years of age by connecting early childhood policy, practice as well as
research. It provides information through its research to the public, which aids in
monitoring the quality of education availed to the kids. Association for Childhood Education
International: Creates awareness for desirable conditions, programs as well as practices
which affect infancy and children from birth to eight years of age; thus, through the
information, it provides a significant understanding for kids in the elementary level of
learning. The National Head Start Association represents children in the United States of
America. It works for policy changes, and this ensures that risk kids access aid to the
family and the community at large. ©2014 Walden University 12 Rubric 0 1 2 Not Present
Needs Improvement Meets Expectations Sub-Competency 3: Describe key professional
organizations that inform early childhood practice. Learning Objective 3.1: Description is
missing. Response incompletely or Response describes three Describe early vaguely
describes three or relevant and appropriate childhood professional fewer early childhood
early childhood organizations and their organizations. organizations and their purposes.

5. purposes. Response includes a partial or inappropriate citation Response includes a for
each organization. citation for each organization. ©2014 Walden University 3 Exceeds
Expectations Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the
following: Response describes more than three relevant and appropriate early childhood
organizations. 13 Short Answer 4 In a 2- to 3-paragraph response, identify at least one
organization that advocates for children and families. Describe the purpose of the
organization and describe one current advocacy issue this organization is working on today.
Provide a citation for the organization. Your Response The organization I identified is The
National Head Start Association. I Healthcare: History & Evolution Early Childhood Field
AssessmentIt represents children as well as their families in the United States of America. It
works for policy changes, and this ensures that risk kids access aid to the family and the
community at large. The National Head Start Association aims to lead and be the untiring
voice representative who will ensure that vulnerable children get served with the set model
together with the entire family as well as the community. It is also committed to creating
institutional and policy changes that guarantee that families and vulnerable kids receive
what they need for their success. Rubric 0 1 2 3 Not Present Needs Improvement Meets
Expectations Exceeds Expectations Sub-Competency 4: Describe research and advocacy
organizations that children, families, and early childhood professionals. Learning
Objective 4.1: Description is missing. Response is vague or Response describes one
Response demonstrates Describe early irrelevant. relevant early childhood the same level of
childhood research and research and advocacy achievement as “2,” plus advocacy
organizations Citation is missing or organization. the following: and their purposes.
incomplete. Response includes a Response describes more citation for the than one relevant
and organization identified. appropriate early childhood research and ©2014 Walden
University 14 0 Not Present ©2014 Walden University 1 Needs Improvement 2 Meets
Expectations 3 Exceeds Expectations advocacy organization. 15 Short Answer 5 Identify at
least two peer-reviewed publications that inform early childhood practice and expand the
professional knowledge base. In a 4- to 6paragraph response, summarize the main focus of
each publication, and explain how it informs early childhood practice and/or expands the
professional knowledge base.Provide an APA citation for each publication. Your Response
According to Cumming, Sumsion & Wong (2015), maintaining an early childhood workforce
is an essential issue for families, children as well as the national productivity of the
instructors. Nevertheless, in many countries, the workforce has remained a challenge, and it
undermines exertions to enhance sustainability. The article examines efforts of addressing
challenges that face early childhood workforce where there are underway childhood
reforms. Cumming, Sumsion & Wong (2015) argue that the efforts of addressing challenges
facing the early childhood workforce in the current police are insufficient and cannot
sustain long-term early childhood workforce. In a nutshell, the article alleges that major
attention to the day-to-day politics of the educators’ as well as the forces that shape the
milieux, can lead to the development of new ways of ing workforce sustainability. On the
other hand, Kerckaert, Vanderlinde & Braak (2015) argue in their article that currently,
many researchers are convinced that Information and communication technology in early
fields offers the learners numerous possibilities. The article aimed to obtain a clear picture

6. of the use of ICT in early childhood education. ©2014 Walden University 16 The article
examines the impacts of using ICT in early childhood education where Kerckaert,
Vanderlinde & Braak (2015) argue that the use of ICT requires basic skills and attitudes.
This takes place frequently and is associated with the level of the prescholars. In conclusion,
the article portrays that professional development is an important factor that stimulates the
use of ICT, transcending the teaching of basic skills as well as attitudes. Rubric 0 1 2 3 Not
Present Needs Improvement Meets Expectations Exceeds Expectations Sub-Competency 5:
Describe peer-reviewed professional journals and other publications that inform early
childhood practice and expand the professional knowledge base. Learning Objective 5.1:
Description is missing. Response describes Response thoroughly Response demonstrates
Describe the main irrelevant publications or is describes the focus of two the same level of
focus of peer-reviewed incomplete. Healthcare: History & Evolution Early Childhood Field
Assessmentrelevant and appropriate achievement as “2,” plus publications that peer-
reviewed the following: inform early childhood APA citations are missing publications that
inform practice and expand or incomplete. early childhood practice Response identifies
more the professional and expand the than two relevant and knowledge base. professional
knowledge appropriate peer-reviewed base. publication. APA citations are mostly accurate.
©2014 Walden University 17 References Cumming, T., Sumsion, J., & Wong, S. (2015).
Rethinking early childhood workforce sustainability in the context of Australia’s early
childhood education and care reforms. International Journal of Child Care and Education
Policy, 9(1), 2. Retrieved: https://ijccep.springeropen.com/articles/10.1007/s40723-015-
0005-z Kerckaert, S., Vanderlinde, R., & van Braak, J. (2015). The role of ICT in early
childhood education: Scale development and research on ICT use and influencing factors.
European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 23(2), 183-199. Retrieved
https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/37198156/EECERJ_Kerckaert_Vande
rlinde_van_Braak.pdf?response-
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0c9 ©2014 Walden University 18 PV001 History and Evolution of the Early Childhood Field
Short-Answer Assessment Submission Form Contact Information Please provide your
contact information and date of submission below. Your Name: First and Last Your E-mail
address: Your Email Here Date: Click here to enter a date Instructions This Competency
includes a Short-Answer Assessment. Write your response to each prompt below in the
space provided. Beneath the prompts is the Rubric which will be used by the Competency
Assessor to evaluate your responses. Carefully review the Rubric rows associated with each
prompt to provide a complete response. When writing your response, begin typing where it
reads “Enter your response here.” There are no space limitations; you can write as much as
needed to satisfy the requirements of the prompt (as defined in the Rubric). Save this file as

7. PV001_firstinitial_lastname, and upload it to this Assessment within the learning platform.
©2014 Walden Un