The JUPITER trial examined the effects of rosuvastatin 20 mg compared to placebo in reducing cardiovascular events among apparently healthy individuals with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) but normal LDL cholesterol. The trial involved over 17,000 participants randomized to rosuvastatin or placebo for 1.9 years on average. Rosuvastatin significantly reduced the primary endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, arterial revascularization, or cardiovascular death by 44% compared to placebo. Rosuvastatin also significantly reduced myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death by 47% compared to placebo. The results provided strong evidence that statin therapy can reduce cardiovascular risk among individuals with elevated inflammatory markers but

1. “An Examination of the JUPITER Trial”
Moderator
Kevin Winfield, MD
Medical Director
Clear Lake Lipid Center
Houston, TX

2. Disclosure
• Disclosure of Unlabeled Use and Investigational
Product Discussions:
Dr. Winfield has indicated that his presentation will
not include the discussion of unlabeled uses of
commercial products or products that have not yet
been approved by the FDA for use in the United
States for any purpose.
• Disclosure of Affiliations and Significant
Relationships:
Dr. Winfield has received honoraria related to
speakers’ bureau activities from Novartis,
AstraZeneca, and Abbott Laboratories.

3. “An Examination of the JUPITER Trial”
Paul Ridker, MD
Director
Center for Cardiovascular
Disease Prevention
Division of Preventive Medicine
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Boston, MA

4. Disclosure
• Disclosure of Affiliations and Significant Relationships:
Dr. Ridker has received honoraria related to consulting activities
from Schering-Plough, Sanofi-Aventis, AstraZeneca, Isis, Dade,
Merck & Co., Novartis, Vascular Biogenics.
He has also received grant support from research activities from
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Cancer
Institute, American Heart Association, Doris Duke Charitable
Foundation, Leducq Foundation, Donald W. Reynolds
Foundation, James and Polly Annenberg La Vea Charitable
Trusts, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pharmacia, Roche, Sanofi-
Aventis, Abbott Laboratories, Amgen.
Equity: Co-inventor on patients held by Brigham and Women’s
Hospital.

5. JUPITER
AHA November 9, 2008
A Randomized Trial of Rosuvastatin in the Prevention
of Cardiovascular Events Among 17,802 Apparently Healthy
Men and Women With Elevated Levels
of C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP):
The JUPITER Trial
Paul Ridker*, Eleanor Danielson, Francisco Fonseca*, Jacques Genest*,
Antonio Gotto*, John Kastelein*, Wolfgang Koenig*, Peter Libby*,
Alberto Lorenzatti*, Jean MacFadyen, Borge Nordestgaard*,
James Shepherd*, James Willerson, and Robert Glynn*
on behalf of the JUPITER Trial Study Group
An Investigator Initiated Trial Funded by AstraZeneca, USA
* These authors have received research grant support and/or consultation fees from one or more
statin manufacturers, including Astra-Zeneca. Dr Ridker is a co-inventor on patents held by the
Brigham and Women’s Hospital that relate to the use of inflammatory biomarkers in
cardiovascular disease that have been licensed to Dade-Behring and AstraZeneca.

6. < 1 mg/L 1 to 3 mg/L > 3 mg/L
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
PHS 1997 WHS 2000 UK 2000 MONICA 2004 ARIC 2004 Iceland 2004
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
NHS 2004
HPFUS 2004 EPIC-N 2005 Strong 2005 Kuopio 2005 FHS 2006
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
CHS 2005 PIMA 2005
Fully
Adjusted
Relative
Risk
0
1
2
3
hsCRP Adds Prognostic Information Beyond Traditional
Risk Factors in All Major Cohorts Evaluated

7. What are the environmental and genetic influences on CRP?
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
<0.5 0.5-1.0 1.0-2.0 2.0-3.0 3.0-4.0 4.0-5.0 5.0-10.0 10.0-20.0 >20
hsCRP (mg/L)
Relative
Risk
of
Future
CV
Events
“low risk” “moderate risk” “high risk”
Ridker et al Circulation 2004;109:1955-59

8. Inflammation, Statin Therapy, and
hsCRP: Initial Observations
Circulation. 1998;98:839–844.
Relative
Risk
Inflammation Absent Inflammation Present
P Trend = 0.005
0
1
2
3
Pravastatin Placebo Pravastatin Placebo
Pravastatin
Placebo
Median
hs-CRP
(mg/dL)
-21.6% (P=0.004)
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
Baseline 5 Years
Circulation. 1999;100:230-235.

9. Follow-Up (years)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
hsCRP>2 mg/L
hsCRP<2 mg/L
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Cumulative
Rate
of
Recurrent
Myocardial
Infarction
or
Coronary
Death
(percent)
LDLC>70 mg/dL
LDLC<70 mg/dL
Clinical Relevance of Achieved LDL and Achieved hsCRP
After Treatment with Statin Therapy
Ridker et al NEJM 2005;352:20-28.

10. 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Follow-Up (Years)
LDL > 70 mg/dL, CRP > 2 mg/L
LDL < 70 mg/dL, CRP > 2 mg/L
LDL > 70 mg/dL, CRP < 2 mg/L
LDL < 70 mg/dL, CRP < 2 mg/L
Clinical Relevance of Achieved LDL and Achieved hsCRP
After Treatment with Statin Therapy
Ridker et al NEJM 2005;352:20-28.

11. JUPITER
Why Consider Statins for Low LDL, high hsCRP Patients?
In 2001, in an hypothesis generating analysis of apparently healthy individuals
in the AFCAPS / TexCAPS trial*, we observed that those with low levels of
both LDL and hsCRP had extremely low vascular event rates and that statin
therapy did not reduce events in this subgroup (N=1,448, HR 1.1, 95% CI
0.56-2.08). Thus, a trial of statin therapy in patients with low cholesterol and
low hsCRP would not only be infeasible in terms of power and sample size,
but would be highly unlikely to show clinical benefit.
In contrast, we also observed within AFCAPS/TexCAPS that among those
with low LDL but high hsCRP, vascular event rates were just as high as
rates among those with overt hyperlipidemia, and that statin therapy
significantly reduced events in this subgroup (N=1,428, HR 0.6, 95% CI 0.34-
0.98).
*Ridker et al N Engl J Med 2001;344:1959-65

12. JUPITER
Why Consider Statins for Low LDL, high hsCRP Patients?
However, while intriguing and of potential public health importance, the
observation in AFCAPS/TexCAPS that statin therapy might be effective
among those with elevated hsCRP but low cholesterol was made on a
post hoc basis. Thus, a large-scale randomized trial of statin therapy was
needed to directly test this hypotheses.
Ridker et al, New Engl J Med 2001;344:1959-65
Low LDL, Low hsCRP
Low LDL, High hsCRP
Statin Effective Statin Not Effective
1.0 2.0
0.5
[A]
[B]
Low LDL, Low hsCRP
Low LDL, High hsCRP
Statin Effective Statin Not Effective
1.0 2.0
0.5
AFCAPS/TexCAPS Low LDL Subgroups
RR

13. JUPITER
Primary Objectives
To investigate whether rosuvastatin 20 mg compared to
placebo would decrease the rate of first major cardiovascular
events among apparently healthy men and women with
LDL < 130 mg/dL (3.36 mmol/L) who are nonetheless
at increased vascular risk on the basis of an enhanced
inflammatory response, as determined by hsCRP > 2 mg/L.
To enroll large numbers of women and individuals of Black or
Hispanic ethnicity, groups for whom little data on primary
prevention with statin therapy exists.
Justification for the Use of statins in Prevention:
an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin
Ridker et al NEJM 2008

14. Rosuvastatin 20 mg (N=8901) MI
Stroke
Unstable
Angina
CVD Death
CABG/PTCA
JUPITER
Multi-National Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of
Rosuvastatin in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Events
Among Individuals With Low LDL and Elevated hsCRP
4-week
run-in
Ridker et al, Circulation 2003;108:2292-2297.
No Prior CVD or DM
Men >50, Women >60
LDL <130 mg/dL
hsCRP >2 mg/L
JUPITER
Trial Design
Placebo (N=8901)
Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Denmark, El Salvador, Estonia, Germany, Israel, Mexico, Netherlands,
Norway, Panama, Poland, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Switzerland,
United Kingdom, Uruguay, United States, Venezuela

15. JUPITER
Baseline Clinical Characteristics
Rosuvastatin Placebo
(N = 8901) (n = 8901)
Age, years (IQR) 66.0 (60.0-71.0) 66.0 (60.0-71.0)
Female, N (%) 3,426 (38.5) 3,375 (37.9)
Ethnicity, N (%)
Caucasian 6,358 (71.4) 6,325 (71.1)
Black 1,100 (12.4) 1,124 (12.6)
Hispanic 1,121 (12.6) 1,140 (12.8)
Blood pressure, mm (IQR)
Systolic 134 (124-145) 134 (124-145)
Diastolic 80 (75-87) 80 (75-87)
Smoker, N (%) 1,400 (15.7) 1,420 (16.0)
Family History, N (%) 997 (11.2) 1,048 (11.8)
Metabolic Syndrome, N (%) 3,652 (41.0) 3,723 (41.8)
Aspirin Use, N (%) 1,481 (16.6) 1,477 (16.6)
All values are median (interquartile range) or N (%)

16. JUPITER
Baseline Blood Levels (median, interquartile range)
Rosuvastatin Placebo
(N = 8901) (n = 8901)
hsCRP, mg/L 4.2 (2.8 - 7.1) 4.3 (2.8 - 7.2)
LDL, mg/dL 108 (94 - 119) 108 (94 - 119)
HDL, mg/dL 49 (40 – 60) 49 (40 – 60)
Triglycerides, mg/L 118 (85 - 169) 118 (86 - 169)
Total Cholesterol, mg/dL 186 (168 - 200) 185 (169 - 199)
Glucose, mg/dL 94 (87 – 102) 94 (88 – 102)
HbA1c, % 5.7 (5.4 – 5.9) 5.7 (5.5 – 5.9)
All values are median (interquartile range). [ Mean LDL = 104 mg/dL ]

17. JUPITER WOSCOPS AFCAPS
Sample size (n) 17,802 6,595 6,605
Women (n) 6,801 0 997
Minority (n) 5,118 0 350
Duration (yrs) 1.9 (max 5) 4.9 5.2
Diabetes (%) 0 1 6
Baseline LDL-C (mg/dL) 108 192 150
Baseline HDL-C (mg/dL) 49 44 36-40
Baseline TG (mg/dL) 118 164 158
Baseline hsCRP (mg/L) > 2 NA NA
Intervention Rosuvastatin Pravastatin Lovastatin
20 mg 40 mg 10-40 mg
JUPITER Trial Study Group, Am J Cardiol 2007
Comparison of the JUPITER trial population to previous statin trials
of primary prevention

18. 0
1
2
3
4
5
hsCRP
(mg/L)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
LDL
(mg/dL)
Months
0 12 24 36 48
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 12 24 36 48
TG
(mg/dL)
HDL
(mg/dL)
Months
JUPITER
Effects of rosuvastatin 20 mg on LDL, HDL, TG, and hsCRP
LDL decrease 50 percent at 12 months
hsCRP decrease 37 percent at 12 months
HDL increase 4 percent at 12 months
TG decrease 17 percent at 12 months

19. JUPITER
Primary Trial Endpoint : MI, Stroke, UA/Revascularization, CV Death
Placebo 251 / 8901
Rosuvastatin 142 / 8901
0 1 2 3 4
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Cumulative
Incidence
Number at Risk Follow-up (years)
Rosuvastatin
Placebo
8,901 8,631 8,412 6,540 3,893 1,958 1,353 983 544 157
8,901 8,621 8,353 6,508 3,872 1,963 1,333 955 534 174

20. JUPITER
Primary Trial Endpoint : MI, Stroke, UA/Revascularization, CV Death
Placebo 251 / 8901
Rosuvastatin 142 / 8901
HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.46-0.69
P < 0.00001
Number Needed to Treat (NNT5) = 25
- 44 %
0 1 2 3 4
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Cumulative
Incidence
Number at Risk Follow-up (years)
Rosuvastatin
Placebo
8,901 8,631 8,412 6,540 3,893 1,958 1,353 983 544 157
8,901 8,621 8,353 6,508 3,872 1,963 1,333 955 534 174

21. JUPITER
Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, Cardiovascular Death
Placebo (N = 157)
Rosuvastatin (N = 83)
HR 0.53, 95%CI 0.40-0.69
P < 0.00001
- 47 %
0 1 2 3 4
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
Cumulative
Incidence
Number at Risk
Follow-up (years)
Rosuvastatin
Placebo
8,901 8,643 8,437 6,571 3,921 1,979 1,370 998 551 159
8,901 8,633 8,381 6,542 3,918 1,992 1,365 979 550 181

22. JUPITER
Arterial Revascularization / Unstable Angina
Placebo (N = 143)
Rosuvastatin (N = 76)
HR 0.53, 95%CI 0.40-0.70
P < 0.00001
- 47 %
0 1 2 3 4
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
Cumulative
Incidence
Number at Risk
Follow-up (years)
Rosuvastatin
Placebo
8,901 8,640 8,426 6,550 3,905 1,966 1,359 989 547 158
8,901 8,641 8,390 6,542 3,895 1,977 1,346 963 538 176

23. JUPITER
Individual Components of the Primary Endpoint
*Nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, revascularization, unstable angina, CV death
Endpoint Rosuvastatin Placebo HR 95%CI P
Primary Endpoint* 142 251 0.56 0.46-0.69 <0.00001
Non-fatal MI 22 62 0.35 0.22-0.58 <0.00001
Any MI 31 68 0.46 0.30-0.70 <0.0002
Non-fatal Stroke 30 58 0.52 0.33-0.80 0.003
Any Stroke 33 64 0.52 0.34-0.79 0.002
Revascularization
or Unstable Angina 76 143 0.53 0.40-0.70 <0.00001
MI, Stroke, CV Death 83 157 0.53 0.40-0.69 <0.00001

24. JUPITER
Primary Endpoint – Subgroup Analysis I
0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0
Rosuvastatin Superior Rosuvastatin Inferior
Men
Women
Age< 65
Age > 65
Smoker
Non-Smoker
Caucasian
Non-Caucasian
USA/Canada
Rest of World
Hypertension
No Hypertension
All Participants
N P for Interaction
11,001 0.80
6,801
8,541 0.32
9,261
2,820 0.63
14,975
12,683 0.57
5,117
6,041 0.51
11,761
10,208 0.53
7,586
17,802

25. JUPITER
Primary Endpoint – Subgroup Analysis II
0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0
Rosuvastatin Superior Rosuvastatin Inferior
Family HX of CHD
No Family HX of CHD
BMI < 25 kg/m
2
BMI 25-29.9 kg/m
BMI>30 kg/m
Metabolic Syndrome
No Metabolic Syndrome
Framingham Risk< 10%
Framingham Risk > 10%
hsCRP > 2 mg/L Only
All Participants
N P for Interaction
2,045 0.07
15,684
4,073 0.70
7,009
6,675
7,375 0.14
10,296
8,882 0.99
8,895
6,375
17,802
2
2
hsCRP > 2 mg/L Only 6,375

26. JUPITER
Adverse Events and Measured Safety Parameters
Event Rosuvastatin Placebo P
Any SAE 1,352 (15.2) 1,337 (15.5) 0.60
Muscle weakness 1,421 (16.0) 1,375 (15.4) 0.34
Myopathy 10 (0.1) 9 (0.1) 0.82
Rhabdomyolysis 1 (0.01)* 0 (0.0) --
Incident Cancer 298 (3.4) 314 (3.5) 0.51
Cancer Deaths 35 (0.4) 58 (0.7) 0.02
Hemorrhagic stroke 6 (0.1) 9 (0.1) 0.44
GFR (ml/min/1.73m2 at 12 mth) 66.8 (59.1-76.5) 66.6 (58.8-76.2) 0.02
ALT > 3xULN 23 (0.3) 17 (0.2) 0.34
Fasting glucose (24 mth) 98 (91-107) 98 (90-106) 0.12
HbA1c (% at 24 mth) 5.9 (5.7-6.1) 5.8 (5.6-6.1) 0.01
Glucosuria (12 mth) 36 (0.5) 32 (0.4) 0.64
Incident Diabetes** 270 (3.0) 216 (2.4) 0.01
*Occurred after trial completion, trauma induced. All values are median (interquartile range) or N (%)
**Physician reported

27. JUPITER
Statins and the Development of Diabetes
0.25 0.5 1.0 2 4
WOSCOPS Pravastatin
HPS Simvastatin
ASCOT-LLA Atorvastatin
JUPITER Rosuvastatin
PROVE-IT Atorvastatin
VS
Pravastatin
0.70 (0.50–0.98)
1.20 (0.98–1.35)
1.20 (0.91–1.44)
1.11 (0.67–1.83)
1.25 (1.05–1.54)
Statin Better Statin Worse
HR (95% CI)
PROSPER Pravastatin 1.34 (1.06–1.68)

28. JUPITER
Secondary Endpoint – All Cause Mortality
Placebo 247 / 8901
Rosuvastatin 198 / 8901
HR 0.80, 95%CI 0.67-0.97
P= 0.02
- 20 %
0 1 2 3 4
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
Cumulative
Incidence
Number at Risk Follow-up (years)
Rosuvastatin
Placebo
8,901 8,847 8,787 6,999 4,312 2,268 1,602 1,192 683 227
8,901 8,852 8,775 6,987 4,319 2,295 1,614 1,196 684 246

29. JUPITER
Conclusions – Efficacy I
Among apparently healthy men and women with elevated
hsCRP but low LDL, rosuvastatin reduced by 47 percent
incident myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular
death.
Despite evaluating a population with lipid levels widely
considered to be “optimal” in almost all current prevention
algorithms, the relative benefit observed in JUPITER was
greater than in almost all prior statin trials.
In this trial of low LDL/high hsCRP individuals who do not
currently qualify for statin therapy, rosuvastatin significantly
reduced all-cause mortality by 20 percent.

30. JUPITER
Conclusions – Efficacy II
Benefits of rosuvastatin were consistent in all sub-groups
evaluated regardless of age, sex, ethnicity, or other baseline
clinical characteristic, including those with elevated hsCRP
and no other major risk factor.
Rates of hospitalization and revascularization were reduced
by 47 percent within a two-year period suggesting that the
screening and treatment strategy tested in JUPITER is
likely to be cost-effective, benefiting both patients and payers.
The Number Needed to Treat in JUPITER was 25 for the primary
endpoint, a value if anything smaller than that associated
with treating hyperlipidemia in primary prevention.

31. JUPITER
Conclusions - Safety
With regard to safety , the JUPITER results
show no increase in serious adverse events among those
allocated to rosuvastatin 20 mg as compared to placebo
in a setting where half of the treated patients achieved
levels of LDL< 55 mg/dL (and 25 percent had LDL < 44
mg/dL).
show no increase in myopathy, cancer, hepatic
disorders, renal disorders, or hemorrhagic stroke with
treatment duration of up to 5 years
show no increase in systematically monitored glucose or
glucosuria during follow-up, but small increases in
HbA1c and physician reported diabetes similar to that
seen in other major statin trials

32. JUPITER
Achieved LDLC, Achieved hsCRP, or Both?
Is the benefit observed in the JUPITER
trial associated with achieving
a low level of LDLC,
a low level of hsCRP
or both?
Do we need to achieve the “dual targets”
of low LDLC and low hsCRP in order to
maximize the benefit of statin therapy?

33. JUPITER
Predicted Benefit Based on LDL Reduction vs Observed Benefit
Proportional
reduction
in
vascular
event
rate
(95%
CI)
Mean LDL cholesterol difference
between treatment groups (mmol/l)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
0 0.5 1
IDEAL
TNT
A-to-Z
CTT
PROVE-IT
JUPITER PREDICTED
Ridker et al NEJM 2008

34. JUPITER
Predicted Benefit Based on LDL Reduction vs Observed Benefit
Proportional
reduction
in
vascular
event
rate
(95%
CI)
Mean LDL cholesterol difference
between treatment groups (mmol/l)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
0 0.5 1
IDEAL
TNT
A-to-Z
CTT
PROVE-IT
JUPITER PREDICTED
JUPITER OBSERVED
Ridker et al NEJM 2008

35. 0
2
4
6
8
10
2
4
6
8
PROVE IT – TIMI 22
NEJM 2005;352:20-28.
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 120 240 360 480 600
Follow-up (days)
A to Z
Circulation 2006;114:281-8
Clinical Importance of Achieving LDL-C < 70 mg/dL and hsCRP < 2 mg/L
Following Initiation of Statin Therapy
0 180 360 540 720 900
Follow-up (days)
LDL>70, hsCRP>2 LDL<70, hsCRP>2 LDL>70, hsCRP<2 LDL<70, hsCRP<2

36. 1. LDL-C is a strong,
independent predictor
of future CV events
2. Statins Lower LDL-C
3. The level of LDL-C
achieved after starting
statin therapy predicts
recurrent event rates (ie
“lower is better”)
1. hsCRP is a strong,
independent predictor
of future CV events
2. Statins Lower hsCRP
3. The level of hsCRP
achieved after starting
statin therapy predicts
recurrent event rates (ie
“lower is better”)
Dual Goals for Statin Therapy :
LDL-C < 70 mg/dL and hsCRP < 2 mg/L
PROVE IT, A to Z, AFCAPS/TexCAPS, REVERSAL
Dose Correct Use of Statin Therapy Require
Evaluation for both LDLC and hsCRP?

37. JUPITER
Implications for Primary Prevention
Among men over 45 and post-menopausal
women:
If diabetic or family history, treat
If LDLC > 160 mg/dL, treat
If hsCRP > 3 mg/L, treat
A simple evidence based approach to statin therapy
for primary prevention.
Ridker et al NEJM 2008

38. JUPITER
Public Health Implications
Application of the simple screening and treatment strategy
tested in the JUPITER trial over a five-year period could
conservatively prevent more than 250,000 heart attacks,
strokes, revascularization procedures, and cardiovascular
deaths in the United States alone.
We thank the 17,802 patients and the >1,000 investigators
worldwide for their personal time, effort, and commitment
to the JUPITER trial.
www.brighamandwomens.org/jupitertrial
Ridker et al NEJM 2008

39. “An Examination of the JUPITER Trial”
Christie Ballantyne, MD
Chief, Section of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine
Director, Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
Co-Director, Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis Clinic
Methodist DeBakey Heart Center
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, TX

40. Disclosure
• Disclosure of Unlabeled Use and Investigational Product
Discussions:
Dr. Ballantyne has indicated that his presentation will not include
the discussion of unlabeled uses of commercial products or
products that have not yet been approved by the FDA for use in
the United States for any purpose.
• Disclosure of Affiliations and Significant Relationships:
Dr. Ballantyne has received honoraria related to speakers’
bureau activities from AstraZenece, Merck, Pfizer, Reliant, and
Schering-Plough. He has also received grant support related to
research activities from Abbott, ActivBiotics, Gene Logic,
GlaxoSmithKline, Integrated Theraputics, Merck, Pfizer,
Schering-Plough, Sanofi-Synthelabo, and Takeda. Dr.
Ballantyne has also received honoraria related to consulting
activities from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Atherogenics, Merck, Merck
Schering-Plough, Novartis, Pfizer, Reliant, Schering-Plough,
Sanfi-Synthelabo, Takeda, and GlaxoSmithKline.