This document discusses biological classification based on morphology. It summarizes Ernst Haeckel's five kingdom classification system which groups organisms into kingdoms based on cell structure, body organization, nutrition, reproduction and phylogeny. It notes that four of the five kingdoms contain eukaryotes. The document then describes the characteristics of archaebacteria, eubacteria, photosynthetic cyanobacteria, chemosynthetic bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria and their modes of reproduction. It concludes with an overview of protist kingdoms including chrysophytes, dinoflagellates, euglenoids and slime molds, and types of protozoans.

1. BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATION
Prepared by
Bhanupriya R

2. BASED ON MORPHOLOGY

3. THREE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION – ERNST HAECKEL

6. 5 KINGDOM
• The main criteria for classification used by him include cell structure,
body organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic
relationships.
• All prokaryotic organisms were grouped together under Kingdom Monera
and the unicellular eukaryotic organisms were placed in Kingdom
Protista.

7. In 5 kingdom classification how many
kingdoms contain eukaryotes?
• 4
• 3
• 1
• 2

11. Food habit
• Some of the bacteria are autotrophic, i.e., they synthesise their
own food from inorganic substrates.
• They may be photosynthetic autotrophic or chemosynthetic
autotrophic.
• The vast majority of bacteria are heterotrophs, i.e., they depend
on other organisms or on dead organic matter for food.

13. ARCHAEBACTERIA
• Archaebacteria are known to be the oldest living organisms on earth.
• they flourish in the absence of oxygen.
• They can live in a variety of environments and are hence called extremophiles.

14. • Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a different
cell wall structure and this feature is responsible for their survival
in extreme conditions.
• Methanogens are present in the gut of several ruminant animals
such as cows and buffaloes and they are responsible for the
production of methane (biogas) from the dung of these animals.

16. EUBACTERIA
• TRUE BACTERIA
• They are characterised by the presence of a rigid cell wall.

17. PHOTOSYNTHETIC AUTOTROPHS .
CYANOBACTERIA
• cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae) have chlorophyll a
similar to green plants and are photosynthetic autotrophs .
• The cyanobacteria are unicellular, colonial or filamentous,
freshwater/marine or terrestrial algae.
• Some of these organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells
called heterocysts, e.g., Nostoc and Anabaena.

18. CHEMOSYNTHETIC AUTOTROPHIC
• Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidise
various inorganic substances such as nitrates,
nitrites and ammonia and use the released
energy for their ATP production.
• They play a great role in recycling nutrients
• Eg: Nitrosomans

19. HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA
• The majority are important decomposers.
• They are helpful in making curd from milk, production of antibiotics,
• Eg: Pseudomonas putida

20. REPRODUCTION IN BACTERIA

22. KINGDOM PROTISTA

23. 1. CHRYSOPHYTES
• This group includes diatoms and golden algae (desmids).
• PHTOSYNTHETIC

24. • In diatoms the cell walls form two thin overlapping
shells, which fit together as in a soap box.
• The walls are embedded with silica and thus the walls
are indestructible.
• Thus, diatoms have left behind large amount of cell
wall deposits in their habitat; this accumulation over
billions of years is referred to as ‘diatomaceous earth’

25. 11.DINOFLAGELLATES
• These organisms are mostly marine and
photosynthetic
• The cell wall has stiff cellulose plates on the outer
surface
• Most of them have two flagella; one lies longitudinally
and the other transversely in a furrow between the
wall plates.

26. EUGLENOIDS
• Majority of them are fresh water organisms found in stagnant water.
• Instead of a cell wall, they have a protein rich layer called pellicle which
makes their body flexible.
• They have two flagella, a short and a long one.

28. 1V. SLIME MOULDS
• Slime moulds are saprophytic protists.
• The body moves along decaying twigs and leaves engulfing
organic material.
• Under suitable conditions, they form an aggregation called
plasmodium.
• During unfavourable conditions, the plasmodium differentiates and
forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips.

29. PROTOZOANS
• All protozoans are heterotrophs and live as predators or parasites
• There are four major groups of protozoans.
• 1. AMOEBOID PROTOZOANS
• 11. Flagellated protozoans
• 111. Ciliated protozoans
• 1V. Sporozoans

30. TRYPNOSOMA
PLASMODIUM
PARAMOECIUM