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Life Cycle Assessment Bainbridge Graduate School  30 October 2006 American Center for LCA, IERE www.iere.org
IERE, ACLCA & R. Schenck ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LCA History ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Systems Analysis; Input-output Industrial System Raw Material Extraction Manufacturing, Production Distribution ,  Transportation Operations and Maintenance Recycle and Waste Management Inputs (resources) energy, materials Outputs air and water emissions, wastes
Indicators of All Impact Categories Human Toxicity Ozone Depletion Ecotoxicity Fossil Fuel Depletion Photochemical Smog Eutrophication Acidification Climate Change
Phases of a Life Cycle Assessment Goal and Scope Impact Assessment Inventory Analysis Interpretation
ISO and the 14040 series ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Scoping ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
System Function/Functional Unit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mass and Energy Inventory Manufacturing Energy Materials Air Emissions Water Emissions Wastes
FLOWS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Not a comprehensive list, but a minimum list
Electricity Life Cycle Use Transportation Disposal Raw Material Acquisition Generation
Raw Materials
Transport
On site Transport Water Production & Processing Generation Pollution Control Material Storage & Handling Maintenance Transmission Distribution Resource Extraction Processing Manufacturing Distributed generation Construction &  Demolition Disposal Fleet Operations System Boundary
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Environmental Impacts Categories ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Life Cycle Impact Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example Impact Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
After Impact Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Normalized Type III Ecolabel % of land farmed 99 160 Biodiversity/Land Use % of feed is GMO 78 168 Gene Modified Organisms moles hormone used 0.0 0 Hormone Used lbs soil eroded 8 67 Soil losses moles antibiotic used 0.0001 70 Antibiotic Use lbs water used 59 34 Water Use lb oil equivalents 2.0 92 Fossil Fuel Depletion lbs water polluted 0.1 42 Aquatic Toxicity lbs PM-10 464 84 Air-based Toxicity lbs ozone equivalents 0.0 12 Photochemical Smog lbs PO 4  equivalents 0.065 107 Eutrophication lbs SO 2  equivalents 0.1 66 Acidification lbs CFC-12 equivalents 0.0 0 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion lbs CO 2  equivalents 3.8 40 Climate Change Unit per Pound Meat Farm Result  % of US Average Impact Category Rosendahl Farm #rfne001 Pork Ecoprofile
Interpretation Phase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Uses of LCA LCA DfE Vendor  Management Annual Reports Emissions Trading Product Stewardship Public  Policy Marketing  & Labels EMS
Public Policy Benefits of LCA’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LCA in EMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LCA is Hard Numbers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LCA in Design for Environment & Product Stewardship ,[object Object],[object Object]
LCA in Emissions Trading ,[object Object],[object Object]
ISO & International Law ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LCA-based Laws in Europe ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A few comments on EU laws ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
USA implication of EU Laws ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Japanese LCA Based Laws ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other Countries Considering LCA Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implications for the USA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Life Cycle Thinking ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
About 85% of building impacts come from the operations & Maintenance Industrial System Raw Material Extraction Manufacturing, Production Distribution ,  Transportation Operations and Maintenance Recycle and Waste Management Inputs (resources) energy, materials Outputs air and water emissions, wastes
Where do Building Impacts Come   From ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Stay out of the   WET
LC Activities in USA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Federal Government ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/lcaccess
Data Sources - The US LCA Database ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EPP Guidance Principles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
North American LCI Data Base ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NREL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
National Institute of Standards and Technology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BEES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
State and Local Governments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Universities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
University Projects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NGO’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
US Businesses Doing LCA’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Wal-Mart’s Sustainability Program ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
In Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Canada AD Study

  • 1. Life Cycle Assessment Bainbridge Graduate School 30 October 2006 American Center for LCA, IERE www.iere.org
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  • 4. Systems Analysis; Input-output Industrial System Raw Material Extraction Manufacturing, Production Distribution , Transportation Operations and Maintenance Recycle and Waste Management Inputs (resources) energy, materials Outputs air and water emissions, wastes
  • 5. Indicators of All Impact Categories Human Toxicity Ozone Depletion Ecotoxicity Fossil Fuel Depletion Photochemical Smog Eutrophication Acidification Climate Change
  • 6. Phases of a Life Cycle Assessment Goal and Scope Impact Assessment Inventory Analysis Interpretation
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  • 10. Mass and Energy Inventory Manufacturing Energy Materials Air Emissions Water Emissions Wastes
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  • 12. Electricity Life Cycle Use Transportation Disposal Raw Material Acquisition Generation
  • 15. On site Transport Water Production & Processing Generation Pollution Control Material Storage & Handling Maintenance Transmission Distribution Resource Extraction Processing Manufacturing Distributed generation Construction & Demolition Disposal Fleet Operations System Boundary
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  • 20. Normalized Type III Ecolabel % of land farmed 99 160 Biodiversity/Land Use % of feed is GMO 78 168 Gene Modified Organisms moles hormone used 0.0 0 Hormone Used lbs soil eroded 8 67 Soil losses moles antibiotic used 0.0001 70 Antibiotic Use lbs water used 59 34 Water Use lb oil equivalents 2.0 92 Fossil Fuel Depletion lbs water polluted 0.1 42 Aquatic Toxicity lbs PM-10 464 84 Air-based Toxicity lbs ozone equivalents 0.0 12 Photochemical Smog lbs PO 4 equivalents 0.065 107 Eutrophication lbs SO 2 equivalents 0.1 66 Acidification lbs CFC-12 equivalents 0.0 0 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion lbs CO 2 equivalents 3.8 40 Climate Change Unit per Pound Meat Farm Result % of US Average Impact Category Rosendahl Farm #rfne001 Pork Ecoprofile
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  • 22. Uses of LCA LCA DfE Vendor Management Annual Reports Emissions Trading Product Stewardship Public Policy Marketing & Labels EMS
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  • 36. About 85% of building impacts come from the operations & Maintenance Industrial System Raw Material Extraction Manufacturing, Production Distribution , Transportation Operations and Maintenance Recycle and Waste Management Inputs (resources) energy, materials Outputs air and water emissions, wastes
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