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PRINCIPLES in stylistic
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3. NARRATIVE TENSES

4. • Narrative tenses are verb tenses that are
used to talk about the past. They are often found
in stories and descriptions of past events, such
as personal anecdotes.

5. • The most common of these is the past simple.
Three other tenses, past continuous, the past
perfect simple and the past perfect
continuous can help us to say what we want
more efficiently. However, it should be
remembered that almost any story can be told
using the past simple.

6. Narrative Tenses
Present PerfectPresent Perfect
We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened
at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not
important.
We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific
expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times,
several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
e.g.: I have been to Europe a couple of times.
(This means that I would go again, or maybe I would never
been there again.)

7. Ex:
I have seen this movie.
He has seen this movie.
I have not eaten lunch.
John has not eaten lunch.

8. Narrative Tenses
Past SimplePast Simple
We use Past Simple to talk about a specific moment or
event in the past.
e.g.: I studied for the test the whole weekend.
(This means that I was doing that activity during a specific
moment in the past, and it is already finished. It does not
continue today.)

9. Narrative Tenses
Past SimplePast Simple
We can also use it to refer to a series of situations that
happened in the past.
e.g.: Last night I cooked some dinner, then I watched a
film, and after that I went to bed.
(There are three different actions, that are over now, that
happened as a series of events)

10. Narrative Tenses
Past ContinuousPast Continuous
We use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action
in the past was interrupted.
The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple
Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an
interruption in time.
e.g.:e.g.: I was watching TV when she called.

11. Narrative Tenses
Past ContinuousPast Continuous
We also use the Past Continuous to refer to an event that
was taking place at a specific moment in the past. This
action was in progress in that moment.
e.g.:e.g.: Last night at 10PM I was watching House MD.

12. Narrative Tenses
Past PerfectPast Perfect
The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something
occurred before another action in the past.
It can also show that something happened before a specific
time in the past.
e.g.: I did not have any money because I had lost my
wallet.

13. • Written example of narrative tenses in use
Bond opened the door very slowly, looked carefully
around the room and walked in. The
window was open and the curtains were blowing in
the wind. Clearly someone had left in a hurry.
Past simple
opened, looked, walked, was
Past continuous
were blowing
Past perfect
had left

14. • Spoken example of narrative tenses in use
A: I saw a UFO once. Well, I think it was one.
B: Oh yeah?
A: Yeah, really. I was in the country - in
Yorkshire - on the moors...
B: What were you doing up there?
A: Oh, I was visiting some friends. They'd
rented a cottage and we'd gone up to stay with
them.

15. • Past simple
saw, was
Past continuous
(What) were (you) doing? was visiting
Past perfect
they'd rented, we'd gone

16. References
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/
Grammar lesson book, grammar application.
Practice grammar book.
Prepared by: ALEXIS JOHN BENEDICTO
THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION 