International Conference Publication

1. EDUCATIONAL
EMPOWERMENT
OF WOMEN AND
THEIR
SUSTAINABILITY IN
21ST CENTURY
WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO
URBAN INDIA
THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIPAND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN LIGHT OF THE
CORONA PANDEMIC
13 & 14 OCTOBER 2021
IRBID - JORDAN
PRESENTED BY
DR. B. MAHAMMAD RAFEE
DR. S. KAREEMULLA BASHA
DR. A. ABDUL RAHEEM
DR. AMZAD BASHA KOLAR

2. INTRODUCTION
“I raise up my voice—not so I can shout, but so that those
without a voice can be heard.” – Malala Yousafzai
Education is the key tool to erase gender inequities in our
society. Women Education increases female employment to
be equivalent to male employment levels. Women education
in India has been the need of the hour, as education is a
foundation stone for the empowerment of women.

3. • The need of educating women dates to the days of self-
rule. Jyotiba Phule and Savitirao Phule founded an
institution for educating women in 1848. Women were
members of the independence struggle. There has been
an increase in the demand for women's education. The
female literacy percentage during the time of
independence was 8.6 percent. The last census revealed
that India's female literacy rate is 65.5%. The country
has seen an increase in the female literacy rate,but has
not reached the global average yet.

4. • It has been argued that Indian women remain particularly
disempowered in the country even after so many schemes
had been implemented by the Indian government. The
survey has discovered that in India, women face domestic
abuse and are disempowered in all aspects of life (Nayak,
Purusottam and Mahanta, Bidisha, 2006)

5. The gender gap is prevalent when it comes to obtaining
education and jobs. Depending on an individual's age,
education, and employment level, the amount of household
decision-making power and freedom of mobility that women
have will vary. It has been shown that women are still
accepting of gender inequality in society.
• When it comes to having ultimate say on how to spend their earnings, there are
fewer women in positions of authority. Cash wages go up with age, level of
education, and geographic location. In rural communities, women are more likely
to be victims of domestic abuse. It is true that women have far less political
participation than men do. In a research study, it was discovered that access to
education and employment are simply the enabling variables for empowerment,
but the attitudes of the people towards gender equality are the greatest
determinants of performance (Nayak, Purusottam and Mahanta, Bidisha, 2006)

6. • Women in rural areas have found a way to empower
themselves and achieve economic independence by
participating in self-help organizations. An increase in the
rural women's income, expenditure, and saving behavior. In
rural areas, SHGs had a tremendous impact on the social and
economic well-being of rural women. The study found that
social recognition of self, position of family in the
community, the size of one's social circle, and the number of
entrepreneurial decisions they participate in have all
increased. The presence of SHGs in which rural women
participate has led to a rise in self-confidence, self-reliance,
and independence for these women.

7. • The government has implemented numerous programs
aimed at encouraging women's education in India over
the years. Many of the various programmes now
employed in India aim to empower women, who would
be greatly empowered as a result. Some of the programs
are: Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Yojana, Sarva Shiksha
Abhiyan, Rashtriya Mahila Kosh, Mahila Shakti
Kendra.

8. • India's growth rate has increased because of the greater
involvement of women in all sectors. Today, women are
playing a major role in all areas of society. Women's
education is one of the most important achievements to
be reached on the path to success. On top of that,
women's literacy has been on the rise since the day of
independence. From 8.6 percent it is now at 64 percent.
Women's literacy has had a very successful outcome in
this country. Despite this, there are reasons why women
cannot succeed on an equal level.

9. The increase in women's literacy rate is hindered by various factors.
Each day, many women are victimized. Because of which women cannot
travel freely on the highways, there is threat of trafficking, killings,
molesting are the quite common and reports are coming through the
media. This is a setback to our country's growth.
Moreover, in certain rural communities, girls are not allowed to attend
school. They are at home, tending to the house. Many of the residents
there, despite improvements, still think that women are meant to stay
at home still gender inequality exists.

10. SURVEY OF
LITERATURE
• Women empowerment is closely linked to the importance of higher education.
Women who are dependent on another person are not free women. This is a
myth: Women who think they have power if they are highly educated and
employed really have less power. In order for women to realize the actual
meaning of empowerment, they have to break out of their profound slumber.
The study was to find out whether or not higher education is important in
women's lives, to discover the challenges women face, and to uncover factors
that hinder women's empowerment, all in order to analyze the influence of
women empowerment on the country's growth. In keeping with secondary
sources, this study employed an exploratory research technique that examined
available sources and concluded there is no dispute regarding the fundamental
requirement of empowering women by enabling them to obtain higher
education. Literal translation: Now it has been proven that literacy is not the
solution to gender inequality, but women should be well-educated to know
their rights and responsibilities. As well when having the ability to use their
rights as required. Additionally, policies and programs of the Indian
government are required, as well as actual implementations of these policies
and programs. (Rupali Sharma and Zia Afroz , 2014)

11. • The prominence of women in Indian higher education, their
significance in nation building. A study has paid attention to
numerous strategies for girl college students. In this male-
dominated society, it's found that women are breaking through in
numerous professions including education too. These findings of
the study cover education to astronomy, a range of disciplines in
which women have carved out their own space. Women via higher
education discover their sense of self by using all of their creative
and practical capabilities. A bigger percentage of women are
getting higher education in India compared to before. When
women can contribute to national economy by utilizing their
identity and become empowered, then it is essential that the
government puts additional programs and scholarships in place as
well as awareness programs about higher education. (Nagaraja, K.,
2018)

12. • The status of women in India has been thoroughly
discussed from the early historic times up to the
present day. The study was to discover the rights
which women have under the Indian constitution,
and how women are faring in the country. Women
who are monetarily independent, determined, and
able to participate in the country's growth are given
great consideration. Self-empowerment, education,
and the complete elimination of violence against
women are the only means of creating female
empowerment. (Dhruba HazarikaDhruba Hazarika,
2011)

13. • Socio economic empowerment: social, technological,
political, psychological are all components of education.
According to the report, many barriers to women
empowerment have also been found including violence,
gender inequity, family limitations. Many strategies
have been offered, such as girl child education,
involvement of women in socio-economic development,
etc. There is, nevertheless, a preponderance of evidence
which suggests that unless women are educated, they
will not grasp their rights and their importance. To
empower women means to work towards better health
care for women and their children, better education for
women, equal access to productive resources, and
increasing engagement in economic and commercial
sectors. (Sowjanya S. Shetty and Basil Hans, 2015)

14. • ICT- Empowerment A gender analysis of Muslim youth
in India with respect to education, access, and use. In the
developing world, technology is a powerful tool that can
break down socio-economic divisions and empower
underprivileged groups, such as women and minorities.
Four factors were taken into consideration:
psychological, social, educational, and economic. These
aspects were evaluated after learning how to use
computers and the Internet. It is found that 16% of all
households and 5% of males owned a computer, and
30% of households and 10% of males had an Internet
connection at home. There were significantly more gains
in perceived empowerment for young women who
paired computer study with ICT use. (Farida Khan and
Rehana Ghaliddlly, 2010)

15. OBJECTIVES OF
THE STUDY
• Based on the available literature on women empowerment no study is carried out to
study the role of Education in betterment of Level of living of Women and financial
Independence, lifestyle of womenfolk in 21st century with special reference to urban
India. So, this research work is an effort towards it.
• Objectives:
1. To assess the status of Women Empowerment in Urban India.
2. To explore the different schemes available and to know does those scheme’s are
really contributing for Women Empowerment.
3. To find the correlation and exact relationship between their income and monthly
spending on Education, Health and Food
4. To offer policy suggestions
• Limitations:
1. The study is partial due to time and cost constraints ,as it is based on a small number
of data of respondents.

16. DATA
ANALYSIS
• As per the data collected and processed the following
percentage analysis gives a glimpse of urban women status.
• As per the data analysis 51.9 % of the women had faced
issues in obtaining education. Non availability of Basic
facilities (like drinking water and toilet facilities) is the one
of a major issue which has made girls to leave the school or
college (75%), and Marriage become a hinderance to 13.5%
of the repondents. Among the repondents 61.5 % are
employed in Private and 28.8 % are in Government services.
The data analysis confirms more than 53.8 % of the
respondents are working more than 5 years.

17. • 75% of the respondents said that they are doing job compatible
with their education. over 84.6 % of respondents feel that their
job enhanced their status in society and 88.5% of women
reiterates they are financially independent and they are able to
buy the goods and services of their choice and fulfil their wants
without depending on the family.86.5% of working women says
family supports you morally (Husband and In-laws) with regard
to your Job.76.9% of women says Women are better in Work life
balancing than Men.67.3% of respondents says that they go for
job for getting Income, Social Status, Job satisfaction and an
opportunity to spend time with others. 69.2 % of women works
in between 30-40 hrs per week and 23.1% work 40-60 hrs per
week and 7.7% work more than 60 hrs, which mean over
exploitation. More than 65% of the respondents says Education
level and your current Job has changed your Standard of living
and Social Status and lifestyle too.

18. INFERENTIAL
STATISTICS -
CORRELATION
ANALYSIS
• H0: There is no significant difference between Monthly expenditure
on Education, Health and Food
• H1: There is significant difference between Monthly expenditure on
Education, Health and Food
• There is a Positive Correlation between Monthly Expenditure of the
House hold on Education to Health and Food i.e 0.637 and 0.697
respectively. Monthly Expenditure of the Household on Health to
Education and Food is0.637 and 0.559 respectively. Monthly
Expenditure on Food to Education and Health is 0.697 and 0.559
respectively. Overall, there is a positive correlation exists between
There is significant difference between Income level to Monthly
expenditure on Education, Health and Food. The null is rejected that
is significance level P-Value is less than 0.01. The Null Hypothesis is
rejected and Alternative Hypothesis is Validated.

19. • H0: There is no significant difference between Income level to
Monthly expenditure on Education, Health and Food
• H1: There is significant difference between Income level to
Monthly expenditure on Education, Health and Food
As per the ANOVAAnalysis
• The significant critical p- value is 0.05 for rejecting the null
hypothesis. As per Table it is less than 0.05 which indicates the
significance of the statement. As per the analysis the significance
value is less than 0.05, So the Null Hypothesis is rejected, and
the Alternative Hypothesis is Validated. Income level of the
respondents to Monthly expenditure on Education, Health and
Food are the variables. The Spending’s on essential services will
be keep on varying as the Income level changes on the Monthly
expenditure i.e. on Education, Health and Food.

20. CONCLUSION
• A considerable role in dropping gender inequity in our
society is being played by education. Women's
education has the additional benefit of increasing
female employment to the same level as that of males.
Education for women is critical, as women's
empowerment depends on education. To achieve their
economic emancipation, women must send girl to
school. It frees them from economic bondage and
affords them social esteem.

21. • Education reduces socioeconomic disparities and
enhances one's standing within the family. It can
also increase one's idea of active involvement not
only in family affairs regarding spending on
education, food, and health. The study found that,
there is a Positive Correlation between Monthly
Expenditure of the Household on Education to
Health and Food. It is concluded that, the
Spending’s on essential services will be keep on
varying irrespective of the Income level to Monthly
expenditure on Education, Health and Food which
means whatever be the level of income women give
more priority in meeting the expenditure on
Education, Food and Health.

22. THANK YOU