Arsenic contamination of water and Arsenicosis condition of Jessore, Bangladesh

1. Arsenic Contamination
and Arsenicosis in Jessore
1990-2010
PRESENTED BY – AZAMU SHAHIULLAH (11146018)
BRATAKATHA NATH (11146019)
MYMUNA RASHED (11146024)
SHUVO MONDAL (12210017)

2. Objectives
 Arsenic – the metal
 Contaminating causes Azamu Shahiullah
 Ingesting modes
 Statistical evaluation Shuvo Mondal
 Impacts of Arsenicosis Bratakatha Nath
 Mitigation Techniques Mymuna Rashed

3. Arsenic
 What is Arsenic ???
 Ubiquitous element in the nature.
 Widely distributed in
Atmosphere (air)
Geosphere (Soil, Rock)
Biosphere (Plants, Animals)

4. Arsenic Contamination in Ground Water

5. Arsenic Contamination in Jessore
According to
WHO, ground
water of Jessore
contains 10 times
higher
concentration of
Arsenic than
recommended
level .

6. Causes of Water Contamination - Jessore
 Ground Water
 Low level water surface.
 Affected tube wells are typically
more than 20 meters and less than
100 meters deep.
 Water deeper than 100 m is exposed
to much older sediments which have
already been depleted of arsenic.
 Microbial change of sediments to
arsenic.

7. Surface Water
 Disposing Arsenic rich sludge.
 Using arsenic rich sludge in
Brick making.
Causes of Water Contamination - Jessor

8. Arsenicosis
 Arsenic poisoning.
 Drinking water rich in arsenic over a long period.
 The health effects are generally delayed.
 Carcinogenic development.

9. Ways of Ingestion
Drinking
Contaminated
Water

10. Irrigation with
Arsenic Rich
Water
85% As can
be absorbed
Ways of Ingestion

11.  Vegetable
Arum
(kochu) can
absorb 28%
of As.
Ways of Ingestion

12. Arsenic contamination in
Jessore
 Here 98% of the tube wells are found arsenic contaminated (arsenic
concentrations above the Bangladesh standard of 0.05 mg/l).
 90% of the tubewells of Samta village in Jessore are arsenic
contaminated.
 Arsenic is also found in ground water.
 Food items are also contaminated in this part of west bengal.
 Not only in water arsenic is also found in different food items.
 Arsenic contamination was detected in 211 upazilas of 59 district out of
64 in the country.

16. Arsenic Exposure: The alarming risk
Bangladesh is reported to be the biggest arsenic calamity in the world in
terms of the affected population.
 The people in 59 out of 64 districts comprising 126,134 km2 of
Bangladesh are suffering due to the arsenic contamination in drinking
water.
 Seventy five million people are at risk and 24 million are potentially
exposed to arsenic contamination.

17. The Cause of Arsenicosis in Jessore
 Arsenicosis is the effect of arsenic poisoning.
 Usually over a long period such as 5-20 years.
 Drinking Arsenic-rich water over a long period results in
various health effects including skin problems.

18. Health Hazards: Arsenicosis.

19. Accumulation of Arsenic in the body
Highest levels (ppb)
 – Nails (0.89)
 – Hair (0.18)
 – Bone (0.07 – 0.12)
 – Heart, kidney, liver, lung (0.03 – 0.05)

20. Stages of Arsenicosis
 Primary stage:
 Melanosis
 Keratosis
 Conjunctivitis
 Gastroentritis
 Inflammation of respiratory tract

21. Stages of Arsenicosis
 Secondary Stage:
 Leukomelanosis
 Hyperkeratosis
 Non-pitting edema of feet and legs
 Peripheral neuropathy
 Liver and kidney disorders

22. Stages of Arsenicosis
 Tertiary stage:
 Gangrene of distal organ or parts of the body
 Cancer of skin, lung and urinary bladder
 Kidney and liver failure

23. Impacts with Environment
 High arsenic level in crops
 Sometimes initiate death of the plants
 Arsenic toxicity in human and animals.
 Contamination of ground freshwater which affects
the availability of drinking water.
 Scarcity of irrigational water in the arsenic
contaminated region.
 Arsenic toxicity of different marine invertebrates and
plants.

24. Remedy /
Management
 OXIDATION
 CO-PRECIPITATION
 LIME FILTRATION
 ADSORPTION ONTO
SORPTIVE MEDIA
 ION EXCHANGE RESIN
 MEMBRANE TECHNIQUES

25. oxidation
In-situ Oxidation
Solar Oxidation
Ultra violet
radiation
Passive
sedimentation
Chemical
oxidation
Bashi pani : 50% reduction of As
Reduced to half on addition of ferric
acid
Addition of Potassium permanganate
One third As reduced by SORAS
Accelerate oxidation rate

26. Chemical OXIDATION
 Present in groundwater in As(III) and As(V) forms in different
proportions.
 Methods are effective in removing arsenic in pentavalent form
 Atmospheric oxygen, hypochloride and permanganate are
commonly used for oxidation in developing countries:

27. CO-
PRECIPITATION
AND ADSORPTION
Bucket Treatment
Unit (BTU)
Stevens Institute
Technology
Iron-Arsenic
removal plants

28. Bucket Treatment Unit (BTU)
fails to remove arsenic to the
desired level of 0.05 mg/L
DPHE-Danida Project
based on the principles of
Coagulation
Co-precipitation
Absorption processes
doses of 200 mg/L
aluminum sulfate and 2
mg/L of potassium
permanganate

29. Stevens Institute Technology
separate flocs
by the
processes of
sedimentation
and filtration.
BAMWSP, DFID,
WaterAid , 2001
effective in
reducing arsenic
levels to less than
0.05 mg/L in case
of 80 to 95% of
the samples
iron sulphate
and calcium
hypochloride

31. Iron Arsenic
removal plants
DPHE Danida
Arsenic Mitigaton
Pilot Project

32. Lime treatment
Quick lime
Hydrated lime
pH required 10.6 - 11.2

33. SorptiveFiltration Activated Alumina -
Granular Ferric Hydroxide - iron removal as pre-
treatment
Read-F Arsenic Removal Unit - (EVOH)-borne hydrous cerium
oxide (CeO2 • n H2O), is the adsorbent.
Iron Coated Sand - effective in removing both As(III) and
As(V)
Indigenous Filters - uses brick chips and inert aggregates
Cartidge Filters - operation costs of these units are high
4% caustic soda, NaOH

34. Ion Exchage
BAMWSP, DFID and WaterAid,
2000
By Tetrahedron Exchanger
Technology
- chlorine tablet
Promising results but not
recognised

35. Membrane Filtration
MRT-1000 and Reid System Ltd.
 Jago Corporation Limited
manufactured by B & T
Science Co. Limited
 tested at BUET and showed
a arsenic (III) removal
efficiency more than 80%.
Low-pressure Nanofiltration and
Reverse Osmosis
 applying low pressure by bicycle
pump
 Low recovery and low pressure
range from 0.2 to 0.7MPa.
 average ratio of arsenite to total
arsenic was found to be 0.25.
 high arsenite rejection.

36. NGOs Working at Jessore on Arsenic Problem

37. References
1. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037842740200084X
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3. http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/Arsenic
4. https://secure.thebiggive.org.uk/projects/view/7750/arsenic-free-drinking-water-jessore-bangladesh
5. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/812953-overview#a0104
6. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935111000739
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Groundwater of Bangladesh”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Arsenic Pollution of
Groundwater in Bangladesh: Causes, Effects and Remedies, Dhaka, Bangladesh, February 1998.
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Reference to Bangladesh”, Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp.65-73, 1997.
9. Daily Star Report, “An Urgent Call to Save a Nation”, The Daily Star, A national daily newspaper of
Bangladesh, 10 March 1999.
10. Smith, A.H., Lingas, E.O., and Rahman M., “Contamination of DrinkingWater by Arsenic in Bangladesh: a
Public Health Emergency”, Bulletin of World Health Organization, Vol. 78, No. 8, WHO, pp.1093-1103, 2000
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Journal of Environmental Health Research, Vol. 7, pp.271-276, 1997.
12. Biswas, B.K. et.al. “Detailed Study Report of Samta, One of the ArsenicAffected Villages of Jessore District,
Bangladesh”, Current Science, Vol. 74, pp.134-145, 1998