1. BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT
MODERATOR: DR SUNIL.G. KINI
PRESENTER: DR MAHESH RAWAT
2. # ANATOMY OF HIP JOINT
# BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT
# HISTORY
# APPLIED BIOMECHANICS IN THA
3. HIP JOINT
• Articulation of acetabulum of pelvis and head of
femur .
• Diarthroidal ball and socket joint.
• Three degree of motion:
1- flexion and extension ( sagittal plane )
2-abduction and adduction (frontal plane)
3-rotation ( transverse plane)
4. • Primary function of hip joint is to support
weight of head , arms , trunk (HAT) both in
static erect posture and dynamic postures like
ambulation, running and stair climbing.
25. WHAT IS BIOMECHANICS?????
• BIO + MECHANICS
(ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY) (ENGENERNING)
• SCIENCE THAT EXAMINES FORCE ACTING UPON AND
WITHIN A BIOLOGICAL STUCTURE AND EFFECTS
PRODUCED BY SUCH FORCES
31. TORQUE ( MOMENT) IS TENDENCY OF A FORCE TO
ROTATE A BODY AROUND AN AXIS
TORQUE (MOMENT)=FORCE X DISTANCE
1. Body weight moment = 3D × W
2. Abductor moment = W’ × D
• To level the pelvis
3D × W = W’ × D
so, hence W’ = 3W
• Force to balance pelvis on a single
leg stance. (Real ratio is around 2.5)
32. TO MAINTAIN STABLE HIP , TOURUE PRODUCE BY BODY
WEIGHT IS COUNTERED BY ABDUCTOR MUSCLES PULL
33. • M × a = K × b
as ,b>a so M>K
• joint forces range of
2.3–4.6 BW For one-
legged stance.
35. BIPEDAL STANCE
• BW is equally
distributed across both
hips.
• No muscular forces
require to maintain
equilibrium
• Each hip carries one-
third of BW
36. SINGLE LEG STANCE
• Hip is assumed to be in
the resting position at
one-legged stance
• Only abductors acting at
30 degree are active.
37. -
-The weight supported in single leg stance = 5/6
(total body weight – weight of one lower limb).
-COG shifts to the non supportive leg and produce
downward force to tilt pelvis
-Supportive leg abductors exert downward counter
balancing force with hip joint acts as fulcrum
38. • For hip to remain static
the sum of forces should
be zero, so
• R’ – (M + K) = 0
(R’ is joint reaction force
acting at 30 degree)
- M=2.5k
• R’ = 3.5K
• R = R’/cos θ = R’/cos
30degree
(R is joint reaction force)
• R = 4K ≈ 4 BW
46. DECREASE JOINT REACTION FORCE
Increase ratio of A/B (shift center of hip medially)
1.Acetabular component shifted medially
2.Femoral side:
-Increasing offset of femoral component
-Long stem prosthesis
-Varus neck shaft angle
-Lateralization of of greater trochanter
47. 3.PATIENT GAIT
Shifting body weight over
affected hip-REDUCING
THE LEVER ARM OF THE
BODY WEIGHT
(POSITIVE
TREDLENGBURG GAIT)
48. 4.CANE ON CONTRALATERAL HAND
FORCE IS TRANSFERED TO
WALKING STICK THROUGH THE
HAND:
1)EFFECTIVE LOAD OF BW
REDUCED
2)SO,TURNING MOMENT
AROUND FEMORAL HEAD IS
REDUCED –REDUCED
ABDUCTOR MUSCLES
DEMAND
49. 5. CARRYING LOAD IN IPSILATERAL HAND
• Additional downward moment on same side
of rotational point.
52. KINEMATICS AFTER T.H.R
• 5 FACTORS TO RESTORE THE GOALS:
(RESTORE THE FUNCTION BY RESTORING NORMAL ANATOMY)
-CENTRE OF ROTATION
-ANTEVERSION OF FEMORAL AND ACETABULAR COMPONENT
-FEMORAL OFFSET
-LEG LENGTH
-BEARING