2. 9/27/2018 2
Dr.AtifShahzad
WhatW have seen
Logic
Logical variables
Conditional, Negation, Contrapositive,Biconditional
AND, OR,NOT,XOR
Logic gates
TruthTables
BooleanAlgebra
Examples
Q&A
MicrosoftVisio
Microsoft Project
Spreadsheet Concepts:
Using Microsoft Excel
Creating Charts in Microsoft Excel
Debugging Concepts Using Microsoft Excel
Presentation Concepts Using Microsoft PowerPoint
Image Concepts
Memory
Memory Cell
CPU
Register
Program Counter
Fetch-Execute Cycle
Q&A
File Management
Word Processing Basics Using MicrosoftWord
MicrosoftWord Layout and Graphics Features
Making and using compressed Files
WinZip, 7Zip
Notepad++
Wordpad
Adobe acrobat
Sumatra PDF
MathType
8. Database Management System
(DBMS)
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collection of
software facilitating
the definition,
construction and
manipulation of
databases
Definition
•record structure
•data elements
•names
•data types
•constraints
etc
Construction
•create database
files
•populate the
database with
records
Manipulation
•querying
•updating
10. Sample
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Sample database
Student Name StNo Class Major
Smith 17 1 CS
Brown 8 2 CS
Course CName Cno CrHrs Dept
Database 8803 3 CS
C 2606 3 CS
Section SId CNo Semester Yr Instructor
32 8803 Spring 2000 Smith
25 8803 Winter 2000 Smith
43 2606 Spring 2000 Jones
Grades StNo Sid Grade
17 25 A
17 43 B
file1file2
file3
file4
17. Fields
Hold an individual piece of data
Are named descriptively
Often called a column
Phone book examples
Name, address, e-mail, phone number
Fields may contain no data
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18. Data types inTable Fields
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• Use for text or combinations of text and numbers, such as addresses, or for numbers that do not require calculations,
such as phone numbers or postal codes (255 characters)Text
• Use for lengthy text and numbers, such as notes. Stores up to 63,999 characters
Memo
• Use for data to be included in mathematical calculations, except money
Number
• Use for dates and times
Date/Time
• Use for currency values and to prevent rounding off during calculations.
Currency
• Use for unique sequential that are automatically inserted with a new record
AutoNumber
• Use for data that can be only one of two possible values, such as Yes/No, True/False, On/Off.
Yes/No
• Use for OLE objects (such as Microsoft Word documents, Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, pictures, sounds,
OLE Object
• Use for hyperlinks (hyperlink: Colored and underlined text or a graphic that you click to go to a file, a location in a file,
a Web page on the World Wide Web, or a Web page on an intranet. Stores up to 2048 characters.Hyperlink
• Use to create a field that allows you to choose a value from another table or from a list of values using a combo box
LookupWizard
19. Records
One full set of fields
Often called a row
Phone book example
Smith, Joe, 123 Some Street, 412-555-
7777
Databases may have unlimited rows
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20. Flat-file database
Typically has only one table
If multiple, each has a separate file
Useful for simple data storage needs
Hard to manage large data needs
Can waste disk space
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21. Relational database
Made of two or more tables
Tables are related by a common field
Called a relationship or join
Can help organize data
Most common form of database
Maintaining data is easier than flat-file
No wasted disk space
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23. Working with a Database
Creating tables
List the necessary fields
Steps to define a field
Descriptively name the field
Specify the field type
Determine the field size
24. 11A-24
Working with a Database
Field types
Describes the type of data stored
Most DBMS use the same types
Text fields store letters and numbers
Numeric field store numbers
Date and time field
Logical field stores yes or no
Binary field stores images or sounds
Counter field generates sequential numbers
Memo fields store large amounts of data
25. 11A-25
Working with a Database
Entering data into a table
Users type data into a field
Data must be entered accurately
Constraints help to verify data
Forms are typically used for data entry
26. 11A-26
Working with a Database
Viewing records
Datasheet view shows all records
Filters can limit the records shown
Display only records matching a criteria
Forms allow viewing one record
27. 11A-27
Working with a Database
Sorting records
Order records based on a field
Multiple sub sorts resolve‘ties’
Several types of sorts
Alphabetic
Numeric
Chronological
Ascending
Descending
28. 11A-28
Working with a Database
Querying a database
Statement that describes desired data
List of fields can be modified
Uses of querying
Find data
Calculate values per record
Delete records
Most important DBMS skill
29. 11A-29
Working with a Database
Query languages
All DBMS use a query language
Most DBMS modify the language
Structured Query Language (SQL)
Most common query language
xBase
Query language for dBase systems
Query by example (QBE)
Interface to SQL or xBase
Interactive query design
30. 11A-30
Query Examples
SQL
Select FirstName, LastName, Phone
From tblPhoneNumbers
Where LastName=“Norton”;
xBase
Use tblPhoneNumbers
List FirstName, LastName, Phone
For LastName=“Norton”
31. 11A-31
Working with a Database
Generating reports
Printed information extracted from
a database
Can calculate data
Calculate data per row
Calculate for entire table
Pictures and formatting can be included