L1, dysphagia.pptx
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Dysphagia is the medical term for swallowing difficulties. Some people with dysphagia have problems swallowing certain foods or liquids, while others can't swallow at all.
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Gastrointestinal bleeding by kk
This document discusses gastrointestinal bleeding, including defining acute upper and lower GI bleeding, assessing the severity of bleeding, determining the location of bleeding, differential diagnoses, and management approaches. It provides details on the signs and symptoms of upper and lower GI bleeding, common causes, and first aid measures. The management of GI bleeding involves assessing the patient's hemodynamic status, localizing the bleeding source, checking blood work, addressing risk factors, and stopping active bleeding while preventing recurrence.
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This document provides information on upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), including its definition, epidemiology, causes, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management. Some key points:
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This document discusses gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, including:
1) GI bleeding can present as overt (visible bleeding) or occult (hidden bleeding) and can originate from the upper or lower GI tract. Common symptoms include hematemesis, melena, and hematochezia.
2) Etiologies of upper GI bleeding include esophageal varices, peptic ulcers, Mallory-Weiss tears, and Dieulafoy's lesions. Management involves endoscopy, vasoactive drugs, proton pump inhibitors, and blood transfusions.
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bleeding per -rectum.ppt
lower GIT bleeding: is bleeding from a source distal to the ligament of Treitz (duodenojejunal junction), presented as
Hematochezia is blood passed with stool from the anus,
Melena is black, tarry stool produced by the oxidation of heme by intestinal flora; as little as 50 mL of blood may result in melena, and it may persist for 3 to 5 days following resolution of the bleed.
Maroon-colored stool is associated with rapidly bleeding small bowel lesions in which the transit of blood is too fast for complete oxidation.
Currant-jelly stool is associated with ischemic small bowel or proximal colonic lesions such as may be seen in intussusception.
Upper GIT bleeding: is bleeding from a source proximal to the ligament of Treitz (duodenojejunal junction).
Discussion included the definition of bleeding per rectum, it's types according to child age groups, it's presentation, how to diagnose each type and how to treat.
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Hematemesis- vomiting of blood , a brief study
There can be many causes of hematemesis, such as: bleeding ulcers. prolonged and vigorous retching that causes tears in the esophageal mucosa (known as Mallory-Weiss Syndrome) gastric or intestinal varices.Haematemesis is simply defined as “vomiting blood”. It is caused by bleeding from part of the upper portion of the gastrointestinal tract. It has a wide range of possible causes, depending on the site of blood loss and the tissue that is actively bleeding. Hence it is necessary to analyse and treat the condition perfectly , this is brief study about all the aspects hematemesis ,vomiting of blood including etiology, definition,management ,treatment by drugs etc
please comment
thank u
presentation1-200822043115 (1).pdf
Vomiting blood, also known as hematemesis, refers to vomiting of significant amounts of blood or contents mixed with blood. It can range from minor to very serious and requires determination of the underlying cause. Common causes include ulcers, gastritis, esophageal varices, cancer, and side effects of medications like NSAIDs. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, imaging tests, endoscopy, and biopsy. Treatment depends on the cause but may include medications to stop bleeding, endoscopic procedures, surgery, blood transfusions, and lifestyle changes. Complications can include further bleeding, anemia, shock, and aspiration.
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- Non-portal hypertension related ascites (SAAG <1.1 g/dL) which can be caused by things like peritoneal carcinomatosis, tuberculosis, pancreatitis, nephrotic syndrome etc.
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2) Etiologies of upper GI bleeding include esophageal varices, peptic ulcers, Mallory-Weiss tears, and Dieulafoy's lesions. Management involves endoscopy, vasoactive drugs, proton pump inhibitors, and blood transfusions.
3) Lower GI bleeding can originate from the small intestine or colon. Causes include vascular ectasias, cancers, diverticulosis, and inflammatory bowel disease
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Ascites refers to an accumulation of non-inflammatory fluid in the peritoneal cavity, characterized by a distended lower abdomen. It can be caused by decreased plasma protein levels, increased hydrostatic pressure, or liver or kidney damage. Clinically, affected animals have an enlarged, barrel-shaped abdomen with fluid waves visible on palpation. Diagnosis involves abdominal ultrasound or paracentesis to analyze fluid characteristics. Treatment focuses on resolving underlying causes, increasing plasma proteins, diuretics to promote fluid excretion, and draining excess fluid in severe cases.
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This document discusses gastrointestinal bleeding in children. It defines different types of GI bleeding based on the location such as melena, hematochezia, and hematemesis. Common causes of upper and lower GI bleeding are listed for newborns, infants, children, and adolescents. Evaluation involves history, physical exam, lab tests, and imaging. Treatment depends on the severity and includes supportive care, medications, endoscopic procedures, and surgery. Portal hypertension is described as a cause of GI bleeding along with its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management.
liver cirrhosis.pptx
Cirrhosis is a chronic disease characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue with scar tissue. This disrupts liver function and structure. Major complications of cirrhosis include ascites, portal hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy, and esophageal varices. Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity caused by portal hypertension and sodium retention. It is managed medically through dietary changes, diuretics, and paracentesis. Hepatic encephalopathy occurs when toxic metabolites accumulate in the bloodstream due to liver damage. Esophageal varices develop due to portal hypertension and can rupture, causing life-threatening bleeding.
bleeding per -rectum.ppt
lower GIT bleeding: is bleeding from a source distal to the ligament of Treitz (duodenojejunal junction), presented as
Hematochezia is blood passed with stool from the anus,
Melena is black, tarry stool produced by the oxidation of heme by intestinal flora; as little as 50 mL of blood may result in melena, and it may persist for 3 to 5 days following resolution of the bleed.
Maroon-colored stool is associated with rapidly bleeding small bowel lesions in which the transit of blood is too fast for complete oxidation.
Currant-jelly stool is associated with ischemic small bowel or proximal colonic lesions such as may be seen in intussusception.
Upper GIT bleeding: is bleeding from a source proximal to the ligament of Treitz (duodenojejunal junction).
Discussion included the definition of bleeding per rectum, it's types according to child age groups, it's presentation, how to diagnose each type and how to treat.
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This document summarizes portal hypertension, including its causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Portal hypertension is defined as increased pressure in the portal vein greater than 10 mmHg. It can be caused by conditions that obstruct portal blood flow within or outside the liver. Increased pressure leads to formation of collateral veins and complications like variceal bleeding, splenomegaly, and ascites. Diagnosis involves identifying the underlying liver disease and assessing its severity. Treatment aims to prevent variceal bleeding through medication, band ligation, shunt procedures, or TIPS.
Hematemesis- vomiting of blood , a brief study
There can be many causes of hematemesis, such as: bleeding ulcers. prolonged and vigorous retching that causes tears in the esophageal mucosa (known as Mallory-Weiss Syndrome) gastric or intestinal varices.Haematemesis is simply defined as “vomiting blood”. It is caused by bleeding from part of the upper portion of the gastrointestinal tract. It has a wide range of possible causes, depending on the site of blood loss and the tissue that is actively bleeding. Hence it is necessary to analyse and treat the condition perfectly , this is brief study about all the aspects hematemesis ,vomiting of blood including etiology, definition,management ,treatment by drugs etc
please comment
thank u
presentation1-200822043115 (1).pdf
Vomiting blood, also known as hematemesis, refers to vomiting of significant amounts of blood or contents mixed with blood. It can range from minor to very serious and requires determination of the underlying cause. Common causes include ulcers, gastritis, esophageal varices, cancer, and side effects of medications like NSAIDs. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, imaging tests, endoscopy, and biopsy. Treatment depends on the cause but may include medications to stop bleeding, endoscopic procedures, surgery, blood transfusions, and lifestyle changes. Complications can include further bleeding, anemia, shock, and aspiration.
ascites-mu1.ppt case presentation of ascites
Serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) is a test used to determine the cause of ascites. It is calculated by subtracting the ascitic fluid albumin level from the serum albumin level.
A SAAG value helps differentiate between:
- Portal hypertension-related ascites (SAAG >1.1 g/dL) which is most commonly seen in liver cirrhosis.
- Non-portal hypertension related ascites (SAAG <1.1 g/dL) which can be caused by things like peritoneal carcinomatosis, tuberculosis, pancreatitis, nephrotic syndrome etc.
In simple terms, a SAAG value helps determine if the ascites is caused by portal
Digestive Part 2
The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the digestive system. It describes the small intestine absorbing most nutrients and transporting waste to the large intestine. It then details the liver processing nutrients and filtering blood, before waste is expelled by the large intestine and rectum.
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His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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- 25. The esophageal bleeding The esophageal bleeding shows up the spontaneous throwing out of mouth of scarlet blood. At her small volume it is accompanied by a belch, and the troop landing of high-cube of blood is vomiting. The esophageal bleeding begins at night or after the abundant eating, because the inflow of blood rises to the organs of digestive tract.
- 26. Cause of esophageal bleeding Peptic ulcers inflammations of mucous membrane one or a few diverticulum's (thrusting out of wall of gastric intestinal highway) Trauma Varicose veins of the esophagus with portal hypertension
- 27. Symptoms of esophageal bleeding This is a sudden vomiting, the presence of fresh blood in the vomit masses of scarlet or maroon color. After a while, the blood is released with fecal masses, giving them a black color.
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