The document discusses extreme natural events (ENEs) on Australia's central east coast, including cyclones, floods, and storms. It analyzes 118 ENEs over the past 116 years, finding no clear increasing or decreasing trends. A 2003 storm that caused $20 million in damage is examined as a case study of high vulnerability due to exposure of infrastructure in the coastal zone. The document argues that increasing vulnerability through development in hazard-prone areas, combined with potential climate change impacts, call for building resilience through awareness, reducing exposure, improved warning systems, organizational preparedness, mitigation efforts, and recovery plans.