Induction motor (IM) drives, specifically the three-phase IMs, are a nonlinear system that are difficult to explain theoretically because of their sudden changes in load or speed conditions. Thus, an advanced controller is needed to enhance IM performance. Among numerous control techniques, fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has increasing popularity in designing complex IM control system due to their simplicity and adaptability. However, the performance of FLCs depends on rules and membership functions (MFs), which are determined by a trial and- error procedure. The main objective of this paper is to present a critical review on the control and optimization techniques for solving the problems and enhancing the performance of IM drives. A detailed study on the control of variable speed drive, such as scalar and vector, is investigated. The scalar control functions of speed and V/f control are explained in an open- and closed-loop IM drive. The operation, advantages, and limitations of the direct and indirect field-oriented controls of vector control are also demonstrated in controlling the IM drive. A comprehensive review of the different types of optimization techniques for IM drive applications is highlighted. The rigorous review indicates that existing optimization algorithms in conventional controller and FLC can be used for IM drive. However, some problems still exist in achieving the best MF and suitable parameters for IM drive control. The objective of this review also highlights several factors, challenges, and problems of the conventional controller and FLC of the IM drive. Accordingly, the review provides some suggestions on the optimized control for the research and development of future IM drives. All the highlighted insights and recommendations of this review will hopefully lead to increasing efforts toward the development of advanced IM drive controllers for future applications.

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Optimization techniques to enhance the performance of
induction motor drives: A review
ABSTRACT:
Induction motor (IM) drives, specifically the three-phase IMs, are a nonlinear system that are
difficult to explain theoretically because of their sudden changes in load or speed conditions.
Thus, an advanced controller is needed to enhance IM performance. Among numerous control
techniques, fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has increasing popularity in designing complex IM
control system due to their simplicity and adaptability. However, the performance of FLCs
depends on rules and membership functions (MFs), which are determined by a trial and- error
procedure. The main objective of this paper is to present a critical review on the control and
optimization techniques for solving the problems and enhancing the performance of IM drives. A
detailed study on the control of variable speed drive, such as scalar and vector, is investigated.
The scalar control functions of speed and V/f control are explained in an open- and closed-loop
IM drive. The operation, advantages, and limitations of the direct and indirect field-oriented
controls of vector control are also demonstrated in controlling the IM drive. A comprehensive
review of the different types of optimization techniques for IM drive applications is highlighted.
The rigorous review indicates that existing optimization algorithms in conventional controller
and FLC can be used for IM drive. However, some problems still exist in achieving the best MF
and suitable parameters for IM drive control. The objective of this review also highlights several
factors, challenges, and problems of the conventional controller and FLC of the IM drive.
Accordingly, the review provides some suggestions on the optimized control for the research and
development of future IM drives. All the highlighted insights and recommendations of this
review will hopefully lead to increasing efforts toward the development of advanced IM drive
controllers for future applications.

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KEYWORDS:
1. Induction motor drive
2. Optimization algorithms
3. Scalar control
4. Vector control
5. Fuzzy logic controller
SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Fig. 1. Architecture of the IM control system.

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CLOSED-LOOP OF SCALAR CONTROL FOR IM DRIVE:
Fig. 2. Closed-loop of scalar control for IM drive.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DFOC FOR IM DRIVE
Fig. 3. Block diagram of DFOC for IM drive.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF IFOC FOR IM DRIVE
Fig. 4. Block diagram of IFOC for IM drive.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DTC FOR IM DRIVE
Fig.5 Block diagram of DTC for IM drive

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OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE BASED ON PID SPEED CONTROLLER
FOR SCALAR CONTROL
Fig. 6. Optimization technique based on PID speed controller for scalar control

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OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE BASED ON PID CONTROLLERS FOR (A)
DFOC AND (B) IFOC
(a)

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(b)
Fig. 7. Optimization technique based on PID controllers for (a) DFOC and (b) IFOC.
OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC SPEED
CONTROLLER FOR SCALAR CONTROL.

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Fig. 8. Optimization technique based on fuzzy logic speed controller for scalar control.
OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE BASED ON FLC CONTROLLERS FOR
(A) DFOC AND (B) IFOC.

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(a)
(b)
Fig. 9. Optimization technique based on FLC controllers for (a) DFOC and (b) IFOC.

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CONCLUSION:
In this paper, an Indirect Field-Oriented Control (IFOC) scheme for a drive system of three-
phase induction motor is effectively investigated and validated using various simulation results
in Matlab/Simulink. The performance of proposed controller is verified by introducing variation
in speed and load torque. Simulation results demonstrate that PI has sluggish response compared
to AFLC. In all load torque variations, the proposed AFLC shows robustness and continues to
track the reference with small steady-state error. Moreover, AFLC based on LM is robust to
model parameter variations, load variations and less sensitive to uncertainties and disturbances.
The proposed scheme verifies superior and smoother performance with improved dynamic
response. Furthermore, the effectiveness of proposed AFLC is evaluated and justified from
performance indices IAE, ISE and ITAE.
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York
3. Marino R, Peresada S, Valigi P (1993) Adaptive input-output linearizing control of induction
motors. IEEE Trans Autom Cont 38(2):208–221
4. Leonhard W (1985) Control of electrical drives. Springer-, Berlin
5. HeinemannG(1989) Comparison of several control schemes for ac induction motors. In:
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