The document discusses different aspects of memory, including short term memory and long term memory. It describes how long term memory has a large capacity and duration for storing information through dual coding of images and words. The document also discusses eidetic or photographic memory, which is the rare ability to remember images with extreme accuracy and recall details with high precision. This type of memory is illustrated through the example of Solomon, a newspaper reporter, who was able to recite back large volumes of information perfectly. However, Solomon lacked understanding of abstract meanings. The document also touches on cognitivism in education and its view that learners think in different cognitive models, and instructors should use varied techniques to engage different cognitive capacities.

1. Asma Dhaif
Theoretical Foundations of Instructional Technologies By Dr. Donohue

2. Reference: Learning and Cognition (Martinez,2009)

3. - Long Duration and big
Capacity.
- Dual coding images and
words.
- It makes knowledge in our
mind encyclopedic.
- It links ideas with meaning.
- Multimedia, Information store
in different forms.
- Hypermedia, one idea links to
related information.
- Small Capacity
- Short Duration
Long
Term
Memory
Short
Term
Memory
Reference: Learning and Cognition (Martinez,2009)

4. However, there is a unique
and different memory which
could remember details accurately.
Our memory does not have the
ability to remember all kinds
of information accurately
and for a long time.
It is called
Eidetic/ Photographic memory

5. This is Solomon,
a newspaper
reporter who
could remember
all information
perfectly.
Dr. Alex
decided to
test his
memory.
Dr. Alex found that
Solomon’s memory has
no limit. It can recite all
information no matter
how much they are.
This nonselective
memory proved a lack in
understanding abstract
meanings.
So the ability to
remember details was
offset by a disability in
making sense of his
experiences.
Reference: Learning and Cognition (Martinez,2009)
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4
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6. What about Cognitivism
in Education?

7. For learners:
 Learners have innate and inner
cognitive abilities.
 Learners think in different models.
 For instructors:
 Instructors have to consider using
different techniques that will
encourage students to learn.
 Instructors have to evaluate
students with gradually starting
from recalling basic knowledge to
challenging their cognitive
capacities.

8. Did cognitivism
receive
any criticism?
Well.. Let us first see this
example together.

9. Dr. Alex wanted to
teach Sam about
What is a planet
and how many
planets in the
spaces.
He used all
cognitive processes
in his teaching.
At the end of
class, Sam was
able to understand
and define what
planet means and
1 identifies all
2
planets with their
names in the chart.
Dr. Alex now is
happy even if he
does not smile.
Next class..
Dr. Alex wants to
teach Sam about
What is earth
made of.
He used the same
cognitive
processes in his
teaching.
Unexpectedly,
Sam was not able
to understand the
lesson effectively
Dr. Alex now is
3 4
really mad.