The document discusses depression, including that it is a mood disorder with a wide range of severity. It can affect people of all ages and backgrounds. The main types are unipolar, bipolar, and endogenous depression resulting from life events or genetic factors. Symptoms include loss of interest and sadness/irritability. Causes include family history, life events, medications, and chemical imbalances in the brain. Treatments include psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, natural alternatives, and antidepressant medications. Antidepressants work by regulating neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Common classes are TCAs, SSRIs, SNRIs, atypical antidepressants, and MAOIs.

1. Mr. Ashok Kumar
Msc Nsg 1st
year
Pal college of nursing and
medical science

2.  Serious disorder of mood, ranges from mild
to very serious condition
 Most serious mental problem which people
facing today
 Most common Psychological Disorder
 Some people referred depression as
“Common Cold” of mental illness
 Can affect people of all ages, religion and
race
 Twice common in female as compared to
male
 Risk of suicide is high

3.  Depression are of Following types :
a. Uni-polar - Mind of subject swing in some
direction
b. Bi-polar - Depression associated with
mania some times called as
manic depression
c. Endogenous – Depression due to shock or
stressful life events

4. Following are the main causes :
 Family History
 Positive and negative events
 Certain medication
 Use of alcohol
 Imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain

5.  Vary from subject to subject but having to
key signs are: a. loss of interest in things
like to do
b. sadness or irritability
 Divided into following
Biological Emotional
Physical

6. In 1950, Reserpine induce
Depression and study shows that it
depletes the storage of NE and 5-HT
 Then Biochemical or monoamine
theory was Proposed in 1965 by
Schildkrant
 Theory state that there is
decreased or functional
deficiency in monoamine i.e NE , 5-
HT, DA transmission in the CNS

7.  Psychotherapy
 Electroconvulsive Therapy
 Natural alternatives
 Medication
The drug which is used for the
relieve or prevention of depression
and its symptoms known as Anti-
depressant Drugs

8.  Drugs which are used to relieve or prevent
depression known as Anti depressant
 Anti depressant was first developed in
1950’s
 Work by stabilize and normalize the level
of neurotransmitter in
brain.Neurotransmitter like NE,5-HT,DA
play an important role in regulating the
mood
 Practically all antidepressants affect
monoaminergic transmission in the brain

9.  Tricycle Antidepressants (TCAs)
i. NA+5-HT reuptake inhibitor
- Imipramine
- Trimipramine
- Amitriptyline
- Doxepin
ii. Predominantly NA reuptake
inhibitors
- Desipramine
- Nortriptyline
- Reboxetine

10.  Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs)
- Citalopram
- Escitalopram
- Fluoxetine
- Paroxetine
- Sertraline
 5-HT / NE Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Duloxetine
- Venlafaxine

11.  Atypical Antidepressants
- Buproprion
- Mirtazapine
- Nefazodone
- Trazodone
 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
- Phenelzine
- Selegiline
- Tranylcypromine

15. Classification Side effects Pharmacokinetic
s
TCAs Blurred Vision ,
xerostomia , constipation,
Increased appetite,
Nausea, cardiac
arrhythmia
Well absorbed Orally
Pass BBB
Metabolized in liver
SSRIs Nausea, anxiety,
insomnia, sexual
dysfunction, gastric upset
Well absorbed Orally
Food effect absorption
Metabolized in Liver
SNRIs Nausea,
anxiety,insomnia,sexual
dysfunction, gastric upset
Well absorbed Orally
Metabolized in Liver
Atypical Antidepressant Dry mouth , nervousness,
seizures at high dose
Well absorbed orally

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Williams and Wilkin
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 http://www.springerlink.com/content/b9b8668ff59f89d7/fulltext.pdf
 http://www.slideshare.net
 http://www.authorstream.com