Adrenal gland The paired adrenal glands lie against roof of the abdomen near the thoracolumbar junction .They are retroperitoneal and usually located craniomedial to the corresponding kidney (more directly medial in the horse ).They are closely connected with in aorta on the left ,caudal vena cava on the right Although generally elongated ,the glands are often asymmetrical and quite irregular ,It is difficult to specify their size since this appears to be influenced by several factors , they are relatively larger in wild animal than in related domestic forms ,in juvenile than in adult individuals .and in pregnant and lactating females than in those reproductively inactive . Adrenal glands are firm ,solid bodies, that fractured surface expose the division of the interior in to an outer cortex and inner medulla ,The cortex is mesodermal and produces mineralocorticoids hormone. The medulla is a ectodermal origin. And produces epinephrine and non epinephrine .

1. College of veterinary science and A.H.
MHOW,Indore
Department of veterinary anatomy
Assignment
On
Adrenal gland
Submitted to - Submitted by –
Dr.S.K.Karmore ASHOK KOORI
Dr.S.K.Gupta
Dr.R.K.Barhiya

2. Adrenal gland
The paired adrenal glands lie against roof of the abdomen near
the thoracolumbar junction .They are retroperitoneal and
usually located craniomedial to the corresponding kidney (more
directly medial in the horse ).They are closely connected with in
aorta on the left ,caudal vena cava on the right
Although generally elongated ,the glands are often
asymmetrical and quite irregular ,It is difficult to specify their
size since this appears to be influenced by several factors , they
are relatively larger in wild animal than in related domestic
forms ,in juvenile than in adult individuals .and in pregnant and
lactating females than in those reproductively inactive .
Adrenal glands are firm ,solid bodies, that fractured surface
expose the division of the interior in to an outer cortex and
inner medulla ,

3. Adrenal gland
The cortex is mesodermal and
produces mineralocorticoids
hormone.
The medulla is a ectodermal origin.
And produces epinephrine and non
epinephrine .

4. ADRENAL GLAND - SPECIES DIFFERENCE
Sheep and Goat
Both the adrenals are bean shaped
The right surface one lies along the medial border of
the kidney
The left surface one is longer and somewhat bent
It is not in contact with the kidney from which it may
be separated by 2 inches

5. ADRENAL GLAND - SPECIES DIFFERENCE
Horse
They are flattened bodies lying in contact with the cranial parts
of the medial borders of the kidneys
Pig
Long and narrow
Each lies along the medial border of the corresponding kidney
from the hilus forward
Dog
The right adrenal is prismatic and pointed at either end
It is placed between the cranial part of the medial border of the
right kidney and the caudal vena cava
The left adrenal is elongated and located along the abdominal
aorta

6. ADRENAL GLAND - SPECIES DIFFERENCE
Rabbit
The paired adrenals are located cranial and medial to
the kidneys and appear flattened against the dorsal
body wall
Fowl
They are small bodies about the size of a pea and lie
against the medial part of the ranial ends of kidneys

7. ADRENAL GLAND - SPECIES DIFFERENCE
ADRENAL GLAND - OX
The adrenals are two small, flattened, reddish brown, ductless glands situated
in the roof of the abdomen
They are elongated from before backwards and flattened from side to side
The right adrenal lies against the medial part of the cranial pole of the right
kidney
The medial face is flattened and applied against the right crus of the
diaphragm
The lateral surface lies in the renal impression of the liver
The ventral surface is grooved for the passage of the caudal venacava
The base is concave and rests against the cranial end of the right kidney
The apex fits into the angle between the dorsal border of liver and the caudal
venacava
The left adrenal is flattened
The right surface is related to the caudal venacava and left surface to the
rumen
The caudal border is deeply notched. It does not migrate with the left kidney