The Internet of Things (IoT) connects various objects and people with unique identifiers, enabling automatic data transfer over networks without human interaction, expanding applications from smart cities to agriculture. The document outlines the projected increase in connected devices and the potential for applications such as smart parking, environmental monitoring, and intelligent retail. It raises concerns about security, data privacy, and governmental surveillance in the evolving IoT landscape.

1. IoT: Internet of Things
EVOLUTION OF AN INTERNET ERA

2. Definition:
 The Internet of Things (IoT) is a scenario in which objects or people are provided
with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer the data automatically over a
network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
 Tounderstand the IoT, imagine each of the object (Light, Fan, Air-conditioned,
Projector, Door, etc.) here in this room, all wirelessly connected to communicate
with each other…
 IoT is a “network connecting to physical world objects” same as computers connect
with the Internet now.

3. What does “Thing” mean to IoT
 A person with a heart monitorimplant.
 A farm animal with a biochiptransponder.
 An automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver when tirepressure
is low.
 So the thing, in the Internet of Things, can be any natural or man-made object
that can be assigned an IP address and provided with the ability to transfer
data over a network.

4. Internet Connection:
 Internet Compatible Devices You Own ?
 More connected devices than people - 2015
 10 billion objects connected with the Internet - 2018
 24.8 billion internet-connected objects – 2020

5. Future:
 2022: 50 Billion Connected Things
 10.6 objects will be connected with the Internet for each person.
 IPv6’s huge increase in address space is an important factor in the
development of the Internet of Things.

6. Survey: Future of IoT

7. Applications:

8. Applications:
 Fast and easy communication ofinformation
 Live and analyzed datacollection

9. Smart Cities:
 Smart Parking: Monitoring of parking spaces availability in thecity.
 Structural health: Monitoring of vibrations and material conditions in buildings,
bridges and historical monuments.
 Noise Urban Maps: Sound monitoring in bar areas and centric zones in realtime.
 Traffic Congestion: Monitoring of vehicles and pedestrian levels to optimize driving
and walking routes.
 Smart Lighting: Intelligent and weather adaptive lighting in streetlights.
 Waste Management: Detection of rubbish levels in containers to optimize the trash
collection routes.
 Smart Roads: Intelligent Highways with warning messages and diversions according
to climate conditions and unexpected events like accidents or trafficjams.

10. Smart Environment:
 Forest Fire Detection: Monitoring of combustion gases and preemptivefire
conditions to define alertzones.
 Air Pollution: Control of CO2 emissions of factories, pollution emitted by cars and
toxic gases generated in farms.
 Snow Level Monitoring: Snow level measurement to know in real time thequality
of ski tracks and allow security corps avalancheprevention.
 Landslide and Avalanche Prevention: Monitoring of soil moisture, vibrations and
earth density to detect dangerous patterns in landconditions.
 Earthquake Early Detection: Distributed control in specific places oftremors.

11. Smart Water:
 Potable water monitoring: Monitor the quality of tap water incities.
 Chemical leakage detection in rivers: Detect leakages and wastes of factories in
rivers.
 Swimming pool remote measurement: Control remotely the swimmingpool
conditions.
 Pollution levels in the sea: Control real-time leakages and wastes in thesea.
 River Floods: Monitoring of water level variations in rivers, dams and reservoirs.

12. Retail:
 Monitoring: product tracking for traceabilitypurposes.
 Intelligent Shopping Applications: Getting advices in the point of sale
according to customer habits, preferences, presence of allergic componentsfor
them or expiring dates.
 Marketing: Collect very huge amount of precise information about buyers and
their needs.

13. Industry:
 M2M Applications: Remotely machine control and auto-diagnosis forearly
detection of problems.
 Indoor Air Quality: Monitoring of oxygen, ozone presence and toxic gaslevels
inside chemical plants to ensure workers and goodssafety.
 Temperature Monitoring: Control of temperature inside industrial and
medical fridges with sensitive merchandise.

14. Agriculture:
 Monitoring: keep latest information for soil moisture andfertility.
 Irrigation: Selective irrigation in dry zones to reduce the water resourcesrequired
in the green.
 Water Management: Study of weather conditions in fields to forecastice
formation, rain, drought, snow or wind changes.
 Accuracy: Control the exact conditions of plant’s growth to get thehighest
efficiency.
 Animal Tracking: Location and identification of animals grazing in open pastures
or location in big stables.

15. Security & Emergencies:
 Perimeter Access Control: Access control to restricted areas and detectionof
people in non-authorizedareas.
 Radiation Levels: Distributed measurement of radiation levels in nuclear
power stations surroundings to generate leakagealerts.

16. Daily Life:
 Remote Control Appliances: Switching on and off remotely appliances toavoid
accidents and save energy.
 Sensor-Based Furniture: It will warn you for your health cure. e.g. While you
seat for long time on computer desk, it will warn you to stand-up and walk
around for some distance.
 Energy and Water Use: Energy and water supply consumption monitoring to
obtain advice on how to save cost and resources.
 Care: Assistance for elderly or disabled people living independent.

17. Future Home with IoT:

18. Issues:
 Security in terms ofCommunication
 DataPrivacy
 Out of Law boundaries and GovernmentSurveillance

19. Thanks for your attention
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