REPORT 1REPORT 14Direct your cover page to your audie.docx

REPORT 1
REPORT 14
Direct your cover page to your audience – the person who
would approve your proposal idea. Do not direct it to our class
Benefits and why a company should support lactation Programs
for employee
Name: Oluwaseun Sean Aina
Institution: University of Maryland University College.
Tutor: Professor Catherine Flynn
Paper: Writing 394 Paper 4 Assignment.
Date: 07/01/2017
Business documents are single spaced with a double space
between paragraphs. Do not indent paragraphs. Keep paragraphs
short and focused.
Executive Summary
Purpose and method of the report
The modern workplace incorporates both genders; thus, the need
for the acknowledgment of the needs of all employees is very
important for management to attain success in their duties. It is
on this basis that this report proposal suggests that our company
must recognize the need for mothers to lactate while

undertaking duties at the end of their maternity leave. You want
them to do more than recognize the need. Your proposal is for
your company to implement a lactation room in the workplace.
Make that clear.
The justification for the consideration relies on studies that
highlight the benefits of according the rights to mothers.
The report also infers to the conclusion of professionals who
published articles proposing ways for the formulation of
solutions to the challenges that affect employees at the
workplace.
According to the assertion of many pundits, the recognition of
the right for the mother to breastfeed present health, and social
as well as economic benefits to both the employee and the
company.
Too many short paragraphs. Combine your paragraphs and
sentences for cohesive wholes. Paragraphs should be 5-7
sentences long with clear topic sentences.
Findings and conclusions
After conducting this research regarding why our company
should support lactation programs and provide all amenities
needed for the program, it was discovered that many mothers
are not encouraged to come back to work where lactation
programs are not supported. This leads to high rates of
absenteeism and poor work performances.
Recommendations
In order to make our company very successful, the company
should
· Management should establish and support a lactation programs
for its female employees women.
· Management should provide private rooms and amenities
needed for lactation.
· Management should ensure women gets paid for the time spent
in collecting and pumping milk.s
· Management should establish lectures and information
sessions and trainings that will teach employees about the

benefits of lactation programs.
The decision to implements a program is also commendable
as legal requirements. However, before the formulation of the
plan, the consideration of a myriad of issues is critical. The
organization must first consult the stakeholder of the company
to identify their needs (Ortiz, McGilligan, & Kelly, 2004).
Afterward, the management should define the timeline and code
of conducts among many other requirements. In the next step, it
is critically sensitizing the employees about the concerns. Upon
the implementation of the suggestion, the organization will
attain the desired results that translate in the progress of
society. As highlighted in the report, the objective is to
sensitize decision makers to explore issue holistically before
addressing concerns that affect employee’s productivity in
companies. Comment by Catherine Flynn: Your audience is
the decision-maker so it’s not clear who are referring to here.
Letter to the decision-maker
Dear Vice President (HR), You must identify this person clearly
by name and title. Format this document as a memo or a letter
The need to adopt lactation programs for the benefit of our
organization.
After the observation of the developments in the global scene
where organizations are beginning to acknowledge concern of
employees as integral part to overall performance, a team of
experts decided to explore the subject. The scholars researched
the implications of lactation in advance at the workplace. The
goal was to highlight the relationship and its significance on the
performance of companies. The team steered the studies by

inferring to previous scholarly publication before examining the
theoretical framework then proceeding to analyze the
developments at the modern workplace. After the analysis, their
findings indicated that the benefits of allowing mothers to
lactate are immense; this is why the need for the integration of
programs that encourages the practice is advised for our
company. Comment by Catherine Flynn: You are not a team of
experts. You need to present your proposal idea as an individual
who believes implementing a lactation room is a good idea for
your company.
The report accompanying this letter indicates that the possible
benefits of having the program in place is that, Our Company
will realize improvement in the attitude of mothers who
comprise a significant number of our employees and such will
definitely translate to productivity. The decision will also
improve mother-child relations thus enhancing the wellness of
the society. Fathers who are employees will also reduce their
worries on the concern of loved ones thus a benefit to all.
Mothers will also benefit physically through eradication of
disease such as ovarian / breast cancer thus alleviating
absenteeism among many other problems associated with the
inability to lactate as required. It is on this premise that I
present this report to you to formulate in place a program that
encourages mothers to lactate. Comment by Catherine
Flynn: Name it
Table of contents
Executive summary 2
Introduction 6
Outline 7
Report 7
Recommendation 10
Conclusion 12
References 13

Introduction
Lactation describes the process of administering mother’s milk
to a young one in the earlier stages of developments. According
to Cardenas, & Major (2005), the practice is the norm in all
cultures upon the birth of the baby. In the past before the advent
of offices, mothers breastfeed their children at home. In few
cases, the parents stayed away from the young one. However,
things changed with industrialization that forced humanity to
begin working away from homes and farms. The situation meant
that people from all genders had to join the workplace and such
begun posing a challenge to mothers of childbearing age.
Companies began by granting the mothers maternity leave but
on the resumption of work, they could not adjust since the
management did not consider programs for the continuation of
lactation. Many faced the difficulty of meeting the needs of the
newborn in the earlier stages of growth leading to the
exploration of the issue by scholars and decision makers León-
Cava, Lutter, Ross, & Martin (2002). The suggestions that
emanated from the discussions were that organization ought to
address the concern for the benefit of all humanity.
After years of deliberation with solutions, few companies in the
21st century resorted to formulating programs for lactation by
restructuring to grant the mothers the liberty to take care of the
young ones by lactating at the workplace. Even though the idea
faced opposition in some quarters, managers began embracing
the concept on the realization that most mothers struggled after
maternity leave when it comes to undertaking roles. Over time,
companies began formulating ways of ensuring continuity in
productivity of women raising children by accommodating the
changes. As a result, many organizations emulated a structure
that encourages mothers lactating. Based on scholarly research,
the practice presented numerous benefits to not only the mother
and the child but also the entire organization (Balkam, Cadwell,
& Fein, (2011). It is on this premise that the discussion
encourages continuation in the implementation of the program

of supporting lactation for the progress of the society.
Outline
The report approaches the topic in the form of a research
conclusion on the implication of the process, the necessary step
for adaptation in ensuring continuity of practice that benefits
the company as well as the society. The report presents the
information together with a letter to the decision-makers in the
company with the aim of shedding light on the issue. The goal
is to enlighten all parties to facilitate objective decision-making
that benefits organizations both in the short-term and in the
long-term. The works of León-Cava, Lutter, Ross, & Martin
(2002), Balkam, Cadwell, & Fein (2011) and Mills (2009)
among many others scholars serve as the reference material for
exploring the issue.
Report
Explorations of the developments in different parts of the globe
suggest that more women are joining the workplace leading to
the consideration of the issue affecting the group. The issue is
of concern since the lactation period affects the productivity of
women, yet the existing structures in some organization inhibit
coordination of the activity. Studies suggest that the process
proves a challenge to many employees who give birth while
serving in the various positions. The individual feels
uncomfortable undertaking the duty since most organization
overlook the need to promote the practice as an administrative
concern. As a result, many breastfeed their children only before
and after work of which on numerous occasions the practice
denies the child the privileges that come with consuming
mothers milk. According to Cardenas, & Major (2005), the
children, in turn, confront risks such as developing health
complications, and lacking motherly love. However, in a
situation where the employed mothers breastfeed the child
adequately even during working hours, the possibility of the
complications diminishes. It is on this premise that
policymakers at various levels in the society advocate for the
need of organization to introduce program that encourages

mothers to lactate their children in the earlier stages of
developments.
In a context where the company incorporates a breastfeeding
program for lactating mothers, the possible benefits that
emanate from the decision include the strengthening of the bond
between the mother and the child and such poses positive
impact on the performance of the employee. As noted, a mother
feeling distressed because of the detachments with the child will
rarely exudes her best in duties when at work. The feeling, in
turn, affects relations with the rest at the workplace. The
outcome deteriorates overall productivity of the workplace that
on numerous occasions comprise of a significant number of
lactating mothers. According to Meek (2001), a program that
encourages mothers to breastfeed enables the parents to
undertake parenthood role while the same time steering
company duties. An employee will not work with anxiety on the
fear of address the need of the child at home. Instead, the
mother can approach the duties of the company while
addressing the concerns of the child. The scholar points out that
the incorporation of the program at the workplace also benefit
male employees since the father of the child will no longer
worry about the wellness of the child while the mother is
undertaking obligation at the workplace. The parents will
concentrate at duties and such will increase productivity in the
workplace.
In addition to alleviating absenteeism of employees and cases of
ailments among children, the costs incurred in feeding the
children can also reduce significantly since the mothers will not
spend most of the resources in home care in her absence. The
mother will only seek assistance in special occasion since she
can access the child at will (Haughton, Gregorio, & Pérez-
Escamilla, 2010). She can breastfeed the child at specific
durations and such saves vast amounts of resources; the
interaction enhances positivity at the workplace in the long-
term since one feels appreciated by an organization that adopts
lactation programs. Companies that encourage lactation, on

their part make motherhood appealing thus leading to a positive
perception of human obligation in the society (Haughton,
Gregorio, & Pérez-Escamilla, 2010). In a workplace where the
management communicates positive to mothers and addresses
their plight such as the need to breastfeed, the rest of the
employees develop the urge to approach issues with much
concern. Some can even desire to undertake parental
responsibilities especially the young employees intending to
become parents. The rest of the society can also take a cue from
the developments at the company in creating a program that
inspire the masses to show concern for the role of each gender
in the society.
Another benefit of lactation is that the practice improves the
overall wellness of the child. Studies indicate that breastfeeding
protects the children from various ailments; thus, boosting their
growth. According to Mills (2009), in his works, breastfeed
children tend to attain positive health in the long-term in
comparison to children failing to receive enough milk from the
parents. The process of breastfeeding is also psychological in
the creation of a bond between the parents of the child. During
the process, she connects with the child leading to the
acknowledgement of the concerns that might affect the child in
real time. The parents might also use the opportunity as the
moment for taking a break from work. For example, when
companies allow the mothers to lactate the children during mid-
morning and late-afternoons, the process can encourage one to
refresh thus resume tasks rejuvenated. For that reason, adopting
a program that encourages women to breastfeed is not only an
obligation but also a means of refreshing from duties to boost
productivity.
The introduction of lactation programs by companies also
protects mothers from contracting ailments associated with the
failure to administer to the children milk. The typical diseases
related to the act are breast and ovarian cancer. According to
León-Cava, Lutter, Ross, & Martin (2002), the process enables
the mother to respond to body’s physiological needs since

suppressing the milk risk the wellness of the mothers. The
natural response of the body dictates that one must express the
milk at specific intervals. Therefore, in a context where the
mothers lack the privilege to feed the child appropriately, the
party confronts the risk of developing diseases associated with
the inability to respond to natural body impulses. At times,
mothers’ struggle adjusting to normalcy after childbirth, but in
a context where the organization acknowledges the concern of
the person, mothers can adjust to normalcy at the workplace.
The integration of lactation program at the workplace can also
encourage the reduction of leave period that organizations grant
employees. The management can instead opt for a flexible
program that exempts the mothers from duties only on specific
periods but resume work in a shorter period after childbirth. The
companies can also set a place for childcare in which
professionals caregivers undertake the duties as mothers
proceed with work.
The decision to adopt the program also fulfills the legislative
requirements as stipulated by The Fair Labor Standards Act that
acknowledges the rights of women to attend to their young ones
upon resumption from leave. By fulfilling the requirements, the
company addresses the legal complexities that might arise from
the decision of employees filing a lawsuit for infringements on
their rights (Brown, Poag, & Kasprzycki, 2001). In the US,
employees can accuse the company of violating The Fair Labor
Standards Act requirements and such can pose detrimental
impact son the organizations. As a result, the negative
perception about the company can effect overall performance in
the marketplace. The situation might force the organization to
restructures one damage is done.
Recommendations
Given the norm across the globe is that workplace comprises
both men and women, the redresses of the concern of the group
are critical for organizations to ascertain success. As noted, the
need to adopt programs that encourage women to breastfeed at
the workplace is becoming essential as an administrative

requirement as well as a legal obligation. The practice is
gaining attention because it affects the overall productivity of
the employees as well as interrelated developments in the
society (Cardenas, & Major, 2005). The adoption of lactation
programs also improves the relationship between mother and
child thus alleviating the stresses that might affect the
performance of the individual at the workplace. The feeling of
consideration by the management also improves the relationship
between the mothers of the child and the fathers, which
translates to overall progress in organizations having parenting
employees. The physical health of the parents, as well as that of
the child, also improves. However, the ascertainment of the
balance in the formulation of a program is not an easy task. It is
on this premise that the report recommends the steps for
addressing the concern.
At first, for companies in the US, it is advisable that
organizations formulate a policy that corroborates to the Fair
Labor Standards Act to ensure that employees can fulfill
obligations such as breastfeeding while performing duties
concurrently. However, before the decision, the management
should consult employed mothers and many other professionals
to facilitate the formulation of a guideline that helps address the
underlying challenge that halt the implementation of the
lactation program. Afterward, the management can proceed with
the introduction of the program while establishing a code of
conducts for the parties concerned. During the process, the
sensitization of the mothers is critically important to alleviate
the risk of confusion arising from the exploitation of the
privilege. The companies must structure the program in a
manner that specifies the period for lactation to prevent the
misuse of the privileges. Constant communication between the
management of the company and the employees is necessary to
ensure that members understand the significance of the
implementation of the program (Ortiz, McGilligan, & Kelly,
2004). As noted, there are occasions in which mothers might
jeopardize the progress of the company on the pretext of

exploiting their liberties. However, in a context where the
mothers understand the significance of the program, the
possibility of its misuse recedes. Comment by Catherine
Flynn: This kind of general information would not probably be
included. Make your points relevant specifically to your
company.
Conclusion
Lastly, lactation is a natural process undertaken by mothers
after childbirth. Given that many women spend most of their
times working since the modern workplace incorporate both
gender, the adoption of programs that encourage continuation in
practice is recommendable recommended as the benefits are
immense. Scholars cite psychological bonding and the
improvements of the health of the other and the child as one of
the significance. They cite decline in risks for contracting a
disease such as ovarian / breast cancer. Additional benefits of
breastfeeding include decline in stress levels due to worry about
the wellness of the child. As such, the mother’s productivity
improves. The same applies to the father of the child who will
no longer worry about the wellness of the child. Cases of
absenteeism also reduce. The decision to adopt programs also
fulfills legal requirements as stipulated by The Fair Labor
Standards Act. However, for the successful implementation of
the program, the consideration of a myriad of the issue is
equally important. Among them are the timeline for the practice
and the challenges in employee’s response. It is on this basis
that the report recommends collaboration of the stakeholders in
decision-making. As highlighted by León-Cava, Lutter, Ross, &
Martin (2002), Balkam, Cadwell, & Fein (2011) and Mills
(2009), the benefits of breastfeeding program are immense;
hence, the need for the adaptation of the same in companies for
progress of organization in the contemporary times.
Comment by Catherine Flynn: Comment by Catherine
Flynn: Not clear

References
Balkam, J. A. J., Cadwell, K., & Fein, S. B. (2011). Effect of
components of a workplace lactation program on breastfeeding
duration among employees of a public-sector employer.
Maternal and child health journal, 15(5), 677-683.
Brown, C. A., Poag, S., & Kasprzycki, C. (2001). Exploring
large employers’ and small employers’ knowledge, attitudes,
and practices on breastfeeding support in the workplace. Journal
of Human Lactation, 17(1), 39-46.
Cardenas, R. A., & Major, D. A. (2005). Combining
employment and breastfeeding: Utilizing a work-family conflict
framework to understand obstacles and solutions. Journal of
Business and Psychology, 20(1), 31-51.
Haughton, J., Gregorio, D., & Pérez-Escamilla, R. (2010).
Factors associated with breastfeeding duration among
Connecticut special supplemental nutrition program for women,
infants, and children (WIC) participants. Journal of Human
Lactation, 26(3), 266-273.
León-Cava, N., Lutter, C., Ross, J., & Martin, L. (2002).
Quantifying the benefits of breastfeeding: a summary of the
evidence. Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC.
Meek, J. Y. (2001). Breastfeeding in the workplace. Pediatric
Clinics, 48(2), 461-474.
Mills, S. P. (2009). Workplace lactation programs: A critical
element for breastfeeding mothers' success. AAOHN journal,
57(6), 227-231.
Ortiz, J., McGilligan, K., & Kelly, P. (2004). Duration of breast
milk expression among working mothers enrolled in an
employer-sponsored lactation program. Pediatric nursing, 30(2),
111.
You have a good working draft, Ben. Remember to format as a
business report by single spacing and double spacing between
paragraphs. Retain your focus on your company implementing a
lactation program. Reduce discussion of the benefits of
breastfeeding that can be too general. You do not want to risk

losing your reader’s interest. Please let me know if you have
any questions or concerns about the comments or suggestions I
have made in your paper.
Practice Memo Makeover
MEMORANDUM
To:
Chrystol Neilssen
From:
(Use Your Name)
Date:
June 15, 2017
Subject:
Your Unsatisfactory Performance Review
Chrystol, this is documentation of your poor performance
review for the least year. You have been given 120 days of
training in your various work tasks but you still are not
performing up to par.
You make errors in your tasks and you do not verify figures
before sending them on to other staff members to use in their
reports. This does not bode well for them in their presentation
of data that is inaccurate because of your laziness in checking
your figures. Also we have not recieived your official
transcript from your university.
I will give you one more change to get your performance up to
standard. You seem to have the background and skills to do well
but you may be overwhelmed by other personal happenings
which I am not aware of. And, frankly, I am not sure I want to
know.
If you want to stay in this position you must improve in your

performance within the next thirty days. This is a place of
business and you must shape up or ship out—no exceptions.
Call me if you have any questions.
Practice Letter Makeover
LETTER
June 5, 2017
De’Jevan Shane
Superviser of Customer Service
Good Guys
308 Foothill Boulevard
Pasadena, CA 91104
Dear DJ;
I am writing about the treadmill that I brought from your store
recently. I called you and you told me that I needed to put my
complaint in writing so I am doing it in this letter. You owe me
a new treadmill.
I payed to much money for a treadmil that shock me whenever I
touch the side rails to keep my balance. Whoever heard of this?
I think this product is defected. You gave me a voucher to take
the treadmill to have it repaired or have a repair person come to
my home to check it out but I feel you should handle this. I
have only had this treadmill for three month and it seem to me
that you should take full responsibility for replacing my
treadmill with a new one that does not shock people when they
tough the side rails to keep from falling.
My receipt #109872 for $872.88 is inclosed. I would think that
a company with your reputation would do everything possibly to
keep it’s customers and to make sure they get good service.
I expect to hear from you ASAP.

Yours truly,
Your Name
Inc.
Management Leadership - Written Communication
As a leader, you must be able to share your knowledge and your
ideas to transmit a sense of urgency and enthusiasm to others.
If you can’t get a message across clearly and motivate others to
act on it, then having a message really doesn’t matter.
As executives, you will prepare professional documents which
fall into one of two broad categories:
1. Correspondence
a. Text messages
b. E-mails
c. Memos, and
d. Letters
2. Reports
a. Proposals
b. Progress reviews
c. Performance reports
d. Research documentation
e. News or press releases, etc.

You write correspondence several times daily to your staff and
audiences; naturally, your audiences carry with them certain
expectations when they receive and read the various genres or
types of professional documents. They also judge the
leadership qualities of the writer.
As a leader, you must be careful in the preparation of your
documents. That means selecting the right format and media in
writing and communicating your messages. The writing style
and pleasant tone are crucial to the communication activity.
The writing style is based on the reaction of the receiver. The
medium used should be considered in regard to the content of
the message. Along with these concerns includes your ability to
write effective documents that are free of writing mechanics
errors (this includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, etc.)
The following information is designed to check your knowledge
of writing mechanics. Please note that your memo and letter
makeover will be graded for correctness. These two documents
MUST be free of mechanical errors, and you must use the
correct writing stylebased on the message of the memo and
letter.
Writing Styles
Three Writing Styles
· Direct
· Preferred
· Good News, Routine, and Neutral Messages
· Indirect
· Bad News or Negative Information
· Persuasive

· Persuade someone; sales messages and persuasive messages
Direct Writing Style
· Main Idea
· Supporting Details
· End on a pleasant statement
· (Can be used for legal or unethical issues concerning
employees)
Indirect Writing Style
· Buffer (pleasant opening statement)
· Rationale (leads up to the decision)
· MAIN IDEA (bad news or negative)
· End on a pleasant, goodwill statement
Persuasive Writing Style
AIDA Approach
· Attention Getter
· Interest
· Desire
· Action (state what you want and how receiver is to respond
Writing Mechanics
· TONE (always use pleasant, positive tone)
· Purpose (inform, persuade, or collaborate)
· Word Choice (familiar; be care of emotionally charged words)
· Active voice (preferred)

· Use passive voice for bad news/negative info
· Consider Who, What, When, Where, Why & How
· Writing Style
· Spelling, grammar, punctuation & proofreading
SPELLING CHECKUP - See the Business Writer’s Handbook.
Misspelled words result in miscommunication and reflect
negatively on the writer.
PROOFREADING – Business Writer’s Handbook
Check the Handbook for proofreaders’ marks and tips on
proofreading carefully. Be sure you know the marks for:
paragraph, delete, insert, close space, transpose, and comma and
punctuation.
VOICE – Business Writer’s Handbook (read pp. 562 – 564)
In business writing, it is important to use the active voice as
much as possible. Passive voice is used to impart negative
information usually.
Active voice is direct, more concise, and easier for the reader to
understand; also, active voice is more interesting to read.
SENTENCE TYPES – Business Writer’s Handbook
The types of sentences are simple, compound, complex, and
compound-complex. Focus on these and how to punctuate them.
Simple: The Presidential election is approaching.
Compound: Lourdes is not registered, but she is going to
register today. (“but” is a conjunction joining two simple
sentences together) (Use a “comma” before a conjunction.)
Complex: Although Lordun is a Republican, he plans not to
vote for any of the candidates.

A complex sentence begins with a dependent clause (Although
Lordun is a Republican); use a “comma” to separate it from the
independent clause (he plans not to vote for any of the
candidates).
Compound-complex: Lourdes is a Democrat, and Landyn is a
Republican; nevertheless, at Lourdes’ request, Landyn is
planning to vote for Hillary Clinton should she run in 2016. A
compound-complex sentence contains a compound sentence and
a complex sentence with a conjunctive adverb (nevertheless) to
join the sentences together. Use a semicolon to tie the
compound-complex sentence together.
PUNCTUATION – Check the Business Writer’s Handbook.
Review these pages for a refresher and overview of punctuation
rules.
REVISION - Business Writer’s Handbook
Read pages 495 – 496.
BUSINESS WRITING STYLES – for Memo and/or Letters
Business writing requires the use of three basic writing styles.
You choose the writing style based on the reader/receiver’s
reaction to your message.
The three styles are:
Direct/Deductive
Indirect/Inductive
Persuasive

Direct writing style is the preferred writing style in business,
but the type of message is important in choosing the best
writing style. In matters that deal with ethical/unethical issues,
the direct writing style is used.
Direct/Deductive Writing Style – used to present good-news,
neutral messages. Begin with:
1. Main Idea (paragraph 1)
2. Supporting Details (paragraph 2)
3. End on a courteous statement (paragraph 3)
Indirect/Inductive Writing Style – used to present bad-news,
negative messages or information. Business Communication
Psychology states that bad-news should be presented in the
indirect writing style; however, you will see some bad-news
messages written in direct writing style. Be sure you use
Indirect Writing style for bad-news messages or information in
your assignments for this class.
Begin with:
1. Neutral Statement (pleasant opening sentence) (paragraph 1)
2. Supporting Details that lead up to your decision (paragraph
2)
3. State your decision (negative information/bad news)
(paragraph 3)
4. Offer a counter proposal (if warranted)
5. End on a courteous statement (last paragraph)
Persuasive Writing Style – used to persuade or convince the
reader/receiver to do something. Begin with the AIDA
approach:

1. A – Attention (paragraph 1)
2. I – Interest (paragraph 2 & 3)
3. D – Desire (paragraph 3 & 4)
4. A – Action (last paragraph)
Persuasive documents are longer; see the Business Writer’s
Handbook.
Formal reports can be written in deductive or inductive format.
1
WRTG 394 students,
Your last writing assignment will be a report to a decision-
maker on a problem and solution
in an organization or community.
In the report, you will do the following:
r issue
-maker or group of
decision-makers who can implement
the recommendation.
The report will include the following components:

-maker
ntroduction
the solution
o Instructions on how to list an interview in APA format can be
seen at the
following url:
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/11/
The complete report should be 2200-3000 words, not including
the list of references.
The complete report should also cite at least seven sources. At
least three of them should
come from peer-reviewed, scholarly journals. As noted above,
your sources can also include
interviews. The sources will be integrated into the paper to
explain the problem, provide
evidence of the problem, and support the solution.
You might have taken WRTG 393 at UMUC. In WRTG 393, the

final paper is a white paper.
This assignment is different from the white paper in WRTG
393. In this paper for WRTG 394,
you are writing to a specific decision-maker about a specific
problem in your workplace or
community. The audience is much more focused than that for
the white paper in WRTG 393.
Defining the Specific Problem
In preparing to write this assignment, please be aware of the
following cautions in fulfilling the
assignment instructions:
more teleworking options
be given to employees at your workplace, you cannot simply
prepare a report on
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/11/
2
teleworking. You must show that teleworking will solve a
specific problem or problems
in your organization.

communication at your
workplace and that another application be used to improve
communication, you cannot
simply write a report on the problem with having too much
email. You must show that
the use of email at your current workplace presents problems
and that the use of another
means of communication would solve the problem.
your office become
paperless, you cannot simply prepare a report on the benefits of
a paperless office. You
must show that your specific office can go paperless and
indicate the benefits of your
specific office going paperless.
townhouse community to argue that
the playground area in your community should be renovated,
you cannot simply prepare a
report on the benefits of a playground for a neighborhood. You
must show that your
specific neighborhood will benefit from renovations in its
playground.
noting that recycling facilities in

the workplace should be improved, you cannot simply prepare a
report on the benefits of
recycling or of good recycling facilities in offices. You must
show that your specific
work environment lacks adequate recycling facilities and show
how it will benefit from
improved recycling facilities.
A Reminder about the Role of Primary Research in Supporting
the Argument
For your report, you will very likely find it beneficial to
conduct some primary research. For
writing assignment #3, you gathered some primary research.
For writing assignment #4, you
want to fill in any gaps needed by conducting additional
primary research if necessary. Some
suggestions for primary research were given in the instructions
for writing assignment #3. They
are as follows:
ort on teleworking, you might conduct interviews
with fellow workers on the
topic to see how and why they might benefit from teleworking.
communication and that

another application be used to improve communication, you
might interview fellow
employees on the situation, and you might take screen captures
of alternative
communication tools to illustrate how they work and would
improve communication in
your office.
ransitioning to a paperless office, you might
take pictures of your office
environment showing the clutter or unsafe environment that
hard-copy files create.
you might take pictures of
the community area to show where such a playground could be
built, and you might
interview residents who have children.
the office environment to
show that current recycling facilities are inadequate, and you
might interview fellow
workers about whether they find it easy to recycle materials at
your office.
3

Please note that, if you interview people for your research, you
must cite the interviews in your
paper. In the paper, you cannot simply write that you “spoke
with employees.” A url on how to
cite an interview in APA citation style is provided in the list of
components for the report.
Length of your paper:
Your report should be 2200-3000 words in length. Again, you
are required to use at least seven
sources, with at least three of them being acquired through
UMUC Library OneSearch.
Graphics:
Your report might benefit from graphics. As mentioned above,
pictures of your workplace or
community situation might help illustrate the problem you are
trying to address. Graphs, tables,
or charts might help show trends that will persuade your
decision-maker that the problem exists.
Please do not incorporate a graphic for the sake of incorporating
a graphic. Include a graphic

only if it helps communicate a message in your report.
Due Date:
Your instructor will notify you of the due date. You will write
a first draft, your instructor will
comment on the first draft, and you will submit a second draft
using the comments as your guide.
Strategies to Consider for this Assignment:
review of the components
of this type of business report.
cellent guide for this
type of report.
report.
organizing the report.
Topics to Help You Come Up with Ideas on this Assignment:
Some possible workplace research topics are the following.
These are examples to help you get

started. Please contact your instructor to have other topic ideas
approved.
ndows to Linux (or other similar switch)
http://www.victoria.ac.nz/vbs/teaching/publications/VBS-
report-writing-guide-2013-July.pdf
http://www.qmu.ac.uk/ELS/docs/Report%20Writing%202014.pd
f
http://bestentrepreneur.murdoch.edu.au/Guide_To_Report_Writi
ng.pdf
http://wac.colostate.edu/teaching/tipsheets/writing_business_rep
orts.pdf
4
used
computers, etc.

on certain aspects of
etiquette, on understanding other generations, etc.)
-at-home (telecommuting) policy
-time policy
-site day care or providing other child care
benefits
-site workout
facility
ecific health
issues (for example,
migraines)
at your organization
Some students have chosen topics outside of their workplaces,
such as the following:
program

neighborhood
5
Assignment Rubric:
Length
2000-3000
words
1600-1999
words

1300-1599
words
1000-1299
words
Fewer than
1000
words
The essay meets the word count requirement given
in the instructions.
10 points 6 points 4 points 2 points 0 points
Executive Summary Excellent Good Fair
Does not
meet
expectatio
ns
Does not
pass
Is thorough -- a busy executive understands the
problem and the recommended solution from the

executive summary
4 points 3.5 points 3 points 2.5 points 1 point
Is organized and uses headings to help the reader
navigate the executive summary
Demonstrates accurate grammar and punctuation 4 points 3.5
points 3 points 2.5 points 1 point
Transmittal letter to decision-maker Excellent Good Fair
Does not
meet
expectatio
ns
Does not
pass
Is written to a specific decision-maker or group or
decision-makers
2 points 1.5 points 1 point 0.5 points 0 points
Shows the specific problem and the specific
solution
2 points 1.5 points 1 point 0.5 points 0 points

points 1 point 0.5 points 0 points
Table of Contents Excellent Good Fair
Does not
meet
expectatio
ns
Does not
pass
Is formatted correctly with sections and page
numbers
1 point 0.8 points 0.6 points 0.4 points 0 points
Provides a clear orientation to the report by
indicating the sections and sub-sections
1 point 0.8 points 0.6 points 0.4 points 0 points
Introduction Excellent Good Fair
Does not
meet
expectatio
ns

Does not
pass
Describes the problem being reported on 4 points 3.5 points 3
points 2.5 points 1 point
Gives the recommended solution to the problem
that is identified
points 3 points 2.5 points 1 point
Continued on the next page…
6
Body of the report Excellent Good Fair
Does not
meet
expectatio
ns
Does not
pass

Develops the problem that exists within the
organization, including incorporating research to
provide evidence for the problem
15 points 12 points 9 points 5 points 1 point
Develops the recommended solution to the problem
for the organization, including incorporating
research to show why it will solve the problem
13 points 10 points 8 points 6 points 1 point
Uses effective headings and subheadings 3 points 2.5 points 2
Integrates paragraphs that have a logical flow 5 points 4 points
3 points 2 points 1 point
Demonstrates accurate grammar and punctuation 10 points 8
points 6 points 4 points 1 point
Use of sources Excellent Good Fair
Does not
meet
expectatio
ns
Does not
pass

Sources listed in APA format 5 points 4 points 3 points 2 points
1 point
Sources cited in the paper in APA format 3 points 2.5 points 2
Sources are scholarly or appropriate for the report's
message
Overall Score
Excellent
90 or
more
Good
80 or
more
Fair
70 or
more
Needs
Improvem
ent
60 or

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