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1 POLS 155 Key Terms Note Here are key terms that .docx
- 1. 1 POLS 155 Key Terms Note: Here are key terms that everybody should know for the final. I provide these to help you study, since this list covers much of the important content and concepts of the course. Please note though that this list is not exclusive and there may be other words or concepts on the exam as well. Ch1 & 2 (Exam 1) political efficacy liberty, equality, democracy limited government popular sovereignty majority rule minority rights Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation federalism, unitary system, confederation Shays’s Rebellion Annapolis Convention Philadelphia Convention Great Compromise Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan Three-fifths Compromise bicameral, unicameral excessive democracy checks and balances
- 2. separation of powers 17th Amendment expressed powers/enumerated powers implied powers necessary and proper clause (elastic clause) electoral college judicial review full faith and credit clause privileges and immunities clause (comity clause) supremacy clause Federalists, Anti-Federalists Ch3 & 4 (Exam 2) reserved powers 10th Amendment police power concurrent powers home rule McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) 2 Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) commerce clause dual federalism, cooperative federalism, regulated federalism, new federalism grants-in-aid block grants categorical grants unfunded mandates devolution civil liberties civil rights Bill of Rights
- 3. Barron v. Baltimore (1833) dual citizenship Fourteenth Amendment selective incorporation eminent domain First Amendment freedom of religion establishment clause free exercise clause freedom of speech absolutely protected speech political speech symbolic speech speech plus rights of assembly and petition libel slander obscenity/pornography fighting words commercial speech Second Amendment Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule Mapp v. Ohio (1961) due process Fifth Amendment grand jury double jeopardy self-incrimination Miranda rule Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Sixth Amendment Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Eighth Amendment right to privacy
- 4. 3 Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Roe v. Wade (1973) Bowers vs. Hardwick (1986) Lawrence v. Texas (2003) Ch5 & 8 (Exam 3) Thirteenth Amendment Fifteenth Amendment equal protection clause (Fourteenth Amendment) due process clause (Fourteenth Amendment) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) separate but equal rule Jim Crow National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAAC) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) de jure de facto Little Rock crisis (Central High School, Little Rock) Montgomery bus boycott Martin Luther King Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) March on Washington Civil Rights Act, 1964 24th Amendment Voting Rights Act, 1965 affirmative action Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 1978 Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) California Proposition 209 (1996) voter registration
- 5. voter turnout 19th Amendment 26th Amendment Election-Day registration socioeconomic status gender gap Ch9 & 10 (Exam 4) political parties two-party system third parties single-member-district plurality system/ winner-take-all system multiple-member-district system Duverger’s law plurality system 4 majority system Federalists Alexander Hamilton Republicans/Jeffersonian Republicans/Democratic Republicans Thomas Jefferson Whig Party Democrats Republicans GOP Andrew Jackson Abraham Lincoln electoral realignment divided government party identification primary election closed primary
- 6. open primary general election direct democracy referendum initiative recall Gray Davis Arnold Schwarzenegger closed primary open primary majority system, plurality system, proportional representation apportionment redistricting gerrymandering presidential election primary, caucus national convention delegates electoral college party platform 527 committee 501 (c)(4) political action committee (PAC) Super PAC Ch11 & 12 (Exam 5) interest groups pluralism, James Madison business and agricultural groups labor groups 5 professional associations
- 7. public interest groups ideological groups public-sector groups collective goods collective action problem rationality free rider problem selective benefits informational benefits material benefits solidary benefits purposive benefits new politics movement lobbying iron triangle (congressional committees + executive agencies + interest groups) amicus curiae AFL-CIO (American Federation of Labor, Congress of Industrial Organizations) American Bar Association AARP (American Association of Retired Persons) NRA (National Rifle Association) AIPAC (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) Christian Coalition Sierra Club bicameral constituency incumbency 17th Amendment pork-barrel legislation party caucus, conference Speaker of the House, Majority Leader, Minority Leader Whip Senate President Pro Tempore standing committee conference committee
- 8. rules committee logrolling filibuster cloture veto power advice and consent Watergate scandal Democratic National Committee Richard Nixon Deep Throat United States v. Nixon (1974) 6 Ch 13 expressed powers inherent powers delegated powers impeachment commander in chief War Powers Resolution executive agreement executive privilege executive order veto pocket veto legislative initiative cabinet White House Staff Kitchen Cabinet Executive Office of the President (EOP) Governing California California State Assembly
- 9. California State Senate majoritarian, republican two-thirds requirement gerrymandering term limits Proposition 25 (2010) Proposition 11 (2008) Proposition 20 (2010) Proposition 140 (1990) Progressive Movement Hiram Johnson Southern Pacific Railroad Proposition 8 (2008) Hollingsworth v. Perry (2013) Proposition 198 (1996) California Democratic Party v. Jones (2000) blanket primary modified closed primary top two primary Proposition 14 (2010) line-item veto Proposition 13 (1978) Proposition 98 (1988) Congress • Differences between US Senate
- 10. and House • Incumbency advantage—pork barrel, franking • Structure of Congress • Law-‐making process • Filibuster • Factors affecCng Congressional decision-‐making • Expressed powers • Impeachment 1 The Presidency
- 11. Expressed powers • Commander in Chief • Pardon power • Treaty power • Appointment power • Veto power Inherent powers • Military deployments • ExecuCve agreements • ExecuCve orders • ExecuCve privileges
- 12. Delegate Powers 2 Structure of the execuCve branch • White House Staff • ExecuCve Office of the President (Vice President) 3 Political parties & elections l election
- 13. -party system, third parties -party system Republican Party -member district system vs. multiple-member district system stricting, gerrymandering 2 Interest groups traditional? Which are relatively new? collective action problem?
- 14. public policy? What do they do? What is the iron triangle? 3 Review: The US Constitution : Executive branch The Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights, 1791 • Selective incorporation First Amendment • Freedom of religion: establishment clause; free exercise clause • Freedom of speech and the press: absolutely protected speech (political speech, symbolic speech, speech plus); not absolutely protected (libel, slander, obscenity/pornography, fighting words, commercial speech)
- 15. Second Amendment • Right to bear arms Rights of the criminally accused Fourth Amendment: security from unreasonable searches and seizures; exclusionary rule Fifth Amendment: rights of accused persons in criminal proceedings (right to a grand jury; protection from double jeopardy and self- incrimination) Sixth Amendment: right to speedy trial and counsel Eighth Amendment: protection from cruel and unusual punishment Supreme Court cases: The criminally accused Mapp v. Ohio, 1961 • Exclusionary rule Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963 • Right to counsel Miranda v. Arizona, 1966 • Protection against self-incrimination
- 16. • Right to counsel Supreme Court cases: Right to privacy Griswold v. Connecticut, 1965 • The Connecticut law forbidding the use of contraceptives was unconstitutional Roe v. Wade, 1973 • Right to abortion Lawrence v. Texas, 2003 • Homosexuality (The Texas law classifying homosexual intercourse as illegal sodomy violated the privacy of adults and was unconstitutional) Civil Rights Thirteenth Amendment, 1865 • abolition of slavery Fourteenth Amendment, 1868 • equal protection clause • due process clause Fifteenth Amendment, 1870 • suffrage (African American men) Supreme Court cases: Racial segregation Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 • Separate but equal rule
- 17. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 1954 • School segregation was unconstitutional Supreme Court cases: Affirmative action Bakke v. The University of California, 1978 • The use of a quota system based on race was unconstitutional Gratz v. Bollinger, 2003 • The use of a point system based on race was unconstitutional Grutter v. Bollinger, 2003 • Race can be a plus factor California and affirmative action Proposition 209 (1996) • Elimination of affirmative action programs based on race, sex, color, ethnicity or national origin Clauses