in this presentation there are the classification of International health agencies in to four groups Multilateral, Bilateral, Nongovernmental, Other, year of establishment, roles in health sectors described in details.

1. Topic: International Health
Agencies
Dr. Arun Singh
Professor & Head
Department of Community Medicine, Rohilkhand
Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly, U.P., India

2. Learning objectives:
• At the end of this chapter the students will understand
1. The need of various international health agencies
2. The types of health agencies & role played by them

3. Inequalities in health & wealth of nations
1. Low income countries-Poorest countries (LICs) - 2.3 billion people
live
2. Lower-middle income countries (LMICs)- 2.6 billion people live
3. Upper-middle income countries (UMICs)- 333 million
4. High income countries HICs - 972 million people live

4. Unequal distribution of
resources in the world
• Access to or ability to exploit resources e.g. oil, and food.
Restated, over 80% of people live in nations with access to
less than 20% of the world’s wealth and productive capacity.
• More striking is that 2.5 million of the world’s poor
collectively have less wealth than the world’s richest 400
individuals.

5. Health inequalities
1. Life Expectancy varies by more than 48 years among countries
(Japan 81.5; Zambia 32.7)
2. 20 years or more within countries
3. Social factors influence the occurrence of most forms of disease
4. lie at the root of health inequalities

6. Four types of international agencies
1. Multilateral
2. Bilateral
3. Nongovernmental
4. Other

7. 1. Multilateral International Health Agencies
Funding comes from multiple governments and NGOs
1. World Health Organization (WHO)
2. Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
3. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
4. United Nation Development Programme (UNDP)
5. World Bank (WB)
6. United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
7. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
8. United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA)
9. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
10. UN Fund for Drug Abuse Control (UNFDAC)

8. 2. Bilateral Agencies
• Bilateral agencies functioning in India
1. SIDA for RNTCP,
2. DANIDA for NBCP
• France emphasizes its former colonies e.g. Cuba, and China
• Australia emphasizes its Western-Pacific neighbors
• Others emphasize their expertise e.g. the Netherlands supports water
technologies.
• United States links aid to democratic reforms and human rights

9. 3. International nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs)
1. International Red Cross
2. Red Crescent movement
3. Oxford Famine Relief (OXFAM)
4. CARE International
5. Save the Children International Alliance
6. World Vision
7. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF, Doctors Without Borders)

10. 4. Other Agencies
1. Bill and Melinda Gates Health-Care Planning, Organization, and
Evaluation Foundation
2. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
3. David and Lucille Packard Foundation
4. Aga Khan Development Network

11. WHO-1946

12. WHO

13. Structure of WHO

14. WORK OF WHO:
1. Prevention and control of specific diseases
2. Development of Comprehensive services
3. Family health Bio-Medical Research
4. Health Statistics
5. Environmental Health, Health literature and information
6. Co-operation with other organization

15. World Health Organization regional offices
1. SOUTH-EAST ASIA-New Delhi (India (WHO-SEARO)
2. Africa-Harare(Zimbabwe) -(WHO-AFRO)
3. Americas-Washington D.C (U.S.A) (WHO-AMRO)
4. Europe-Copenhagen (Denmark) (WHO/Europe)
5. Western Pacific Manila (Philippines)- (WHO-WPRO)
6. The World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern
Mediterranean - (WHO-EMRO)

16. UNICEF-1946

17. UNICEF-1946
1. Specialized agency of the United Nations.
2. Headquarters-New York
3. Established in 1946 to rehabilitate children
4. Works in collaboration with FAO,UNDP,WHO and UNESCO
5. Provides assistance in varied fields of MCH and environmental
sanitation.

18. Services provided by UNICEF:
1. Child health
2. Child nutrition
3. Family health and child welfare
4. Education (Formal and non-formal)

19. UNDP-1966 – New York

20. Services by UNDP-1966
Help poorer nations develop their human and natural resources
• Economic
• Social Sector
• Agriculture
• Industry
• Education
• Science
• Health
• Social welfare.

21. Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO)-1945
• The food and agriculture organization(FAO) was formed in the
year 1945
• Headquarters in Rome.
• Eliminate hunger
• Food insecurity
• Malnutrition.
• Make agriculture, forestry, and fisheries more productive

22. International Labour Organization
(ILO)-1919
• The ILO became the first specialized agency of the UN in 1946
• its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland
• Decent work
• Justice for workers
• Providing technical assistance

23. United States Agency for
International Development
(USAID)
• Established -1961
• Washington, DC

24. Activities of USAID
1)Malaria eradication
2)Medical education
3)Nursing education
4)Health education
5)Water supply and sanitation
6)Control of communicable diseases
7)Nutrition
8)Family planning

25. International Red Cross
• 1863
• Geneva, Switzerland
• War wounded, prisoners, refugees,
• civilians

26. Co-operative for assistance
and relief everywhere (CARE)
• 1945
• Geneva, Switzerland
• Humanitarian aid organizations
• Focused on fighting global poverty