___ is a type of homoplasy that reflects the independent evolution o.pdf

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___ is a type of homoplasy that reflects the independent evolution of a trait in more that one taxon. Solution Answer : Convergent evolution is a type of homoplasy that reflects the independent evolution of a trait in more than one taxon. Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have simiar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups. The clasdistic term for the same phenomenon is homoplasy..

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Compare and contrast the properties of a centralized and a distributed routing algorithm. Give an example of a routing protocol that takes a centralized and a decentralized approach. Solution Centralized: Central node in the network gets entire information about the network topology, about the traffic and about other nodes. This then transmits this information to the respective routers. The advantage of this is that only one node is required to keep the information. The disadvantage is that if the central node goes down the entire network is down, i.e. single point of failure. Distributed: Node receives information from its neighbouring nodes and then takes the decision about which way to send the packet. The disadvantage is that if in between the the interval it receives information and sends the paket something changes then the packet may be delayed. LinkState takes Centralzied approach Distance Vector takes Decentralzied approach.

Compare and contrast the properties of a centralized and a distribut.pdf

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Baby Billy-Bob has a difficult infant temperament. His parents try to be understanding and patient with him, but generally his behavior can be described in terms of? options: moodiness, relative inactivity, and irregularity in daily routine. high levels of activity, but unresponsiveness to changes in routine. negative reactions to changes in routine, irritability, and difficulty being consoled. openness to new experiences, but irregular feeding and sleeping habits. Solution The behaviour can be described in terms of moodiness, relative inactivity, and irregularity in daily routine. Approximately 10% of babies and children have a difficult temperament, which means that they withdraw from or are slow to adapt to new situations, they have intense reactions, they have irregular routines, and they have a negative mood..

Baby Billy-Bob has a difficult infant temperament.His parents try .pdf

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A plane left at 3pm flying west at 450 miles per hour. At 330 pm an.pdf

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A man with polydacytly, an autosomal dominant trait, marries a woman who is normal. They have four children, and two of them also have polydactyly. The father has ten fingers and eleven toes, and two of his children inherited the allele for polydactyly from him. A son has twelve fingers and ten toes, and a daughter has eleven fingers and eleven toes. Polydactyly in this family is a good example of _____. Question 13 options: A) incomplete penetrance B) polygenic inheritance C) pleiotropy D) variable expressivity E) incomplete dominance Save Solution Answer: D) variable expressivity Some genetic disorders exhibit little variation, most have signs and symptoms that differ among affected individuals. Variable expressivity refers to the range of signs and symptoms that can occur in different people with the same genetic condition..

A man with polydacytly, an autosomal dominant trait, marries a woman.pdf

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1. Marvin is the executor and some heir of his aunt\'s estate. The estate includes her furnished home, which Marvin is considering converting to rental property to generate additional cash flow.What are some of the tax problems Marvin may confront? 2. How does pay-as-you-go procedure apply to wage earners?To persons who have income from sources other than wages? 3. Address the following issues. a. What is the purpose of the unified transfer tax credit? b. Is the same amount available for both the federal gift tax and the state tax?Explain c. Does the use of the credit for a gift affect the amount of credit available for the estate tax?Explain. Solution Here Marvin is subject to an estate tax by the Federal government as well as the inheritance tax by the state government.There will be an increase of ad valorem tax on realty when Marvin convert the property from residential to the income generating source. By adverse property tax consequences, the tax results could be diminished. so there would be several tax issues with this exchange..

1. Marvin is the executor and some heir of his aunts estate. The e.pdf

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Year-end interfund receivable or payable balances will appear in the line item internal balances within their respective columns on the government-wide statement of net position. True or False? Solution Year end interfund receivable or payable balances will appear in the item internal balances within their respective columns on the government wide statement of net position. This Statement is TRUE..

Year-end interfund receivable or payable balances will appear in the.pdf

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Which is/are true regarding the lipid bilayer? A. It is modeled as a capacitor in the equivalent circuit of a cell membrane. B. Ions can freely permeate and pass through the lipid bilayer. C. Protein mobility in the lipid bilayer can be restricted by the lipid composition or tethering to the cytoskeleton. D. All of the above. E. A & C only. Solution C.Protein mobility in the lipid bilayer can be restricted by the lipid composition or tethering to the cytoskeleton..

Which isare true regarding the lipid bilayerA. It is modeled as .pdf

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Which statement describes a similarity between the diploid and haploid phases of plant life? A zygote is formed ____. Human skin color is an example of ____, while sickle-cell anemia is an example of ____.both are multicellular Solution 1. both are multicellular. The plant life cycle alternates between haploid and diploid generations.Plants have multicellular haploid and multicellular diploid stages in their life cycle.Gametes develop in the multicellular haploid gametophyte.Fertilization gives rise to a multicellular diploid sporophyte,which produces haploid spores via meiosis. 2.Zygote is formed by the fusion of egg and sperm nuclei. In human fertilization,ovum which is a haploid secondary oocyte and a haploid sperm cell combine to form a single 2n diploid cell called the zygote. In fungi,the sexual fusion of haploid cells is called karyogamy.This cell may then enter meiosis or mitosis depending on the life cycle of the species. In plants,the zygote may be polyploid if fertilization occurs between meiotically unreduced gametes. Somatic cells are other than reproductive cells.Zygote formation occurs in reproductive cells. 3.Human skin color is an example of polygenic inheritance, while sickle-cell anemia is an example of pleiotropy. Polygenic inheritance occurs when one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes.Skin color is largely determined by the amount of melanin. Dark skinned individuals produce more melanin than light skinned individuals.At least three genes regulate the amount of melanin produced. Each gene has two forms: dark skin allele (A,B,and C) and light skin allele (a,b,and c). Pleiotropy occurs when variation at a single gene locus affects multiple aspects of the phenotype.Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that causes deformed red blood cells with a rigid,crescent shape instead of the normal flexible,round shape.It is caused by a change in one nucleotide in the HBB gene.Sickle cell anemia occurs when the HBB gene mutation causes both beta-globin subunits of hemoglobin to change into hemoglobin S..

Which statement describes a similarity between the diploid and haplo.pdf

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Which of the following isareTRUEI. A field can possess zero divi.pdf

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Which of the groups below are hydrophobic? Hydrophilic? Explain Solution 4. ANS: Polar and non- polar characteristics: Polar molecules contain positive charge on one end and negative charge in other end. Polar molecules share electrons un equally. Molecule with more polar parts less non polar Polar molecules can easily soluble in water, so these are called as hydrophilic molecules. (At poles both + Ve and -Ve charges are present). Non-polar molecules contain same charges on both poles, so bonding is not possible. These are not soluble in water. The molecule with mostly non polar (hydrocarbon) part shows hydrophobic interactions. (At poles same charge + Ve and + Ve or –Ve and - Ve are present). Hydrophilic compound: A. The compound A only can capable to produce hydrophilic interactions. It is because on this compound Long carbon chains, carbon rings and non-polar covalent linkages are absent. Hydrophobic compound: B. The compound B only can capable to produce hydrophobic interactions. It is because on this compound hydrophilic groups are absent..

Which of the groups below are hydrophobic Hydrophilic Explain .pdf

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Which function has a domain of all real numbers? A. y = secx B. y = cosx C. y = tanx D. y = 1/sin x Solution Functions sec(x) and tan(x) are not defined when x = (2n+1)/2 (where n is an integer) Similarly, function 1/sin(x) is not defined when x = n (where n is an integer) Cos(x) is defined for all the real values of x Hence, the only option that has domain of all real numbers is function y = cos(x). Option B.

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When 3013 adults were survery in a poll, 73% said they use the Internet. is it okay for a newspaper reporter to write that 3/4 of all adults use the Internet? why or why not? identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis,test statistics, p-value, conclusion about the null hypothesis and final conclusion that addresses the original claim. use the p-value method. Use the normal distribution as an approximation of the binomial distribution. Solution.

When 3013 adults were survery in a poll, 73 said they use the Inter.pdf

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what is the allegory device in Act II scene I from Shalespeare\'s The Tempest Solution Allegory definition: An allegory is a work of art, such as a story or painting, in which the characters, images, and/or events act as symbols. The symbolism in an allegory can be interpreted to have a deeper meaning. An author may use allegory to illustrate a moral or spiritual truth, or political or historical situation. As the shipwrecked mariners look around the island, they describe it in poetry of great imagistic richness, giving the audience an imaginary picture of the setting of the play. Even so, they disagree about what they see, and even argue over what the island actually looks like. Adrian finds it to be of “subtle, tender, and delicate temperance,” where “the air breathes upon us . . . most sweetly Gonzalo says that the grass is “lush and lusty” and “green” Antonio and Sebastian, however, cynical to the last, refuse to let these descriptions rest in the audience’s mind. They say that the air smells “as ’twere perfumed by a fen”,meaning a swamp, and that the ground “indeed is tawny”, or brown. The remarks of Antonio and Sebastian could be easily discounted as mere grumpiness, were it not for the fact that Gonzalo and Adrian do seem at times to be stretching the truth. (Adrian, for example, begins his remarks about the island’s beauty by saying, “Though this island seem to be desert . . . Uninhabitable, and almost inaccessible” Thus the bareness of the stage allows the beauty and other qualities of the island to be largely a matter of perspective. The island may be a paradise, but only if one chooses to see it that way. Shakespeare uses this ambiguous setting for several different purposes. First, the setting heightens the sense of wonder and mystery that surrounds the magical island. It also gives each audience member a great deal of freedom to imagine the island as he or she so chooses. Most importantly, however, it enables the island to work as a reflection of character—we know a great deal about different characters simply from how they choose to see the island..

what is the allegory device in Act II scene I from Shalespeares Th.pdf

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What are the two major components in portland cement that contribute most to its final strength? What are their hydration products? Solution The chief chemical constituents of Portland cement are as follows: Lime (CaO) 60 to 67% Silica (SiO2) 17 to 25% Alumina (Al2O3) 3 to 8% Iron oxide (Fe2O3) 0.5 to 6% Magnesia (MgO) 0.1 to 4% Sulphur trioxide (SO3) 1 to 3% Soda and/or Potash (Na2O+K2O) 0.5 to 1.3% The above constituents forming the raw materials undergo chemical reactions during burning and fusion, and combine to form the following compounds called BOGUE COMPOUNDS. Compound Abbreviated designation Tricalcium silicate (3CaO.SiO2) C3S Dicalcium silicate (2CaO.SiO2) C2S Tricalcium aluminate (3CaO.Al2O3) C3A Tetracalcium alumino-ferrite (4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3) C4AF Tricalcium silicate (C3S) in cement chemist notation) is typically the most abundant. In Type I, II and III portland cement,C3S will be more than 50% of the total compounds present. C3S hydrates and hardens quickly, and consequently, influences concrete\'s setting time and early age strength significantly. Most strength gained from C3S occurs in the first four weeks Dicalcium silicate (C2S), the second most abundant compound in Portland cement, develops strength more slowly than C3S. Most of its strength is contributed after four weeks. Tricalcium aluminate (C3A) plays a major role in the characteristics of fresh concrete. It starts the hydration process quickly upon exposure to water and generates much heat during the first few days. It also contributes to the very early age strength of one to three days Tetracalcium aluminoferrite(C4AF) is primarily a result of materials used in the cement manufacturing process to lower the temperatures required in the kilns. C4AF hydrates rapidly, but contributes little actual strength Out of these four 1.LIME and SILICA contributes its final strength that is dicalcium silicate And 2.LIME , ALUMINA and IRON OXIDE are their hydration products Lime (CaO) 60 to 67% Silica (SiO2) 17 to 25% Alumina (Al2O3) 3 to 8% Iron oxide (Fe2O3) 0.5 to 6% Magnesia (MgO) 0.1 to 4% Sulphur trioxide (SO3) 1 to 3% Soda and/or Potash (Na2O+K2O) 0.5 to 1.3%.

What are the two major components in portland cement that contribute.pdf

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The need is for a plant delivering 1 MW of power. The soccer field is used pretty much continually during the day, with many grown-up leagues during the night hours and many youth leagues in the earlier hours. Given the fact that we are next to a River, it is reasonable to assume that water is an appropriate medium for the power plant. However, that the temperature in the river really should not increase by more than 1 degree C, to minimize the growth of algae. Can you prepare a preliminary technical outline that outlining the main aspects of the proposed design? Can you also include the carbon footprint analysis, as well as the expected cost for running the plant for a full 24-hr day? Although the prices fluctuate, let’s assume that electricity is at $0.15/kW.h and natural gas at $1.30/therm. Can you prepare a preliminary technical report outlining the main aspects of the proposed design Some additional technical details that you should keep in mind. Any turbine can have an isentropic efficiency of no more than 94%. Likewise any pump no more than 70%. Solution After studying the fundamental thermodynamic cycles of steam power plants and considering the characteristics and thermochemistry of fuels, it is appropriate to consider the design of the systems and flow processes that are operative in steam plants and other large-scale power production facilities. This chapter will focus first on the processing of several fundamental streams that play a major role in power plant operation. Up to this point, a great deal of attention has been focused on the water path from the point of view of the thermodynamics of the steam cycle. Additional aspects of the water path related to plant design are considered here. Another fundamental flow in the power plant, the gas stream, includes the intake of combustion air, the introduction of fuel to the air stream, the combustion process, combustion gas cooling in the furnace heat exchange sections, and processing and delivery of the gas stream to the atmosphere through a chimney or stack. A third important stream involves the transportation and preparation of fuel up to the point that it becomes part of the combustion gas. A major non-physical aspect of power production is the economics of power plant design and operation. This is considered in conjunction with some preliminary design analyses of a prototype plant. Environmental considerations also play an important part in planning and design. The chapter concludes with back-of-the-envelope type calculations that define the magnitudes of the flows in a large plant and identify major design aspects of steam power plants. The Water Path The Liquid-Water-to-Steam Path Several pumps are employed in the feedwater path of a steam power plant to push the working fluid through its cycle by progressively elevating the pressure of the water from the condenser to above the turbine throttle pressure. These pumps are usually driven by electric motors powered by electricity .

The need is for a plant delivering 1 MW of power. The soccer field i.pdf

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11. What is rake receiver in CDMA? 13. Assuming a shift register of 15 for short code and 64 bit per chip, what would be the maximum number of PN codes to identify access points in CDMA systems? 15. What are approximate power allocation of AP to different channels such as pilot, paging and traffic channels? Solution It is a radio receiver designed to counter the results of multipath fading. It does this by several sub-receivers named fingers, that is, several correlates each assigned to a dissimilar multipath component..

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Paying cash to purchase inventory isa. an asset source transaction.pdf

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not a trust exempted ftom net investment income tax under irc1411 purely charitable trusts decedent estate qualified retirement qualified tuition programs Solution The Net Investment Income Tax is imposed by section 1411 of the Internal Revenue Code. The NIIT applies at a rate of 3.8% to certain net investment income of individuals, estates and trusts that have income above the statutory threshold amounts. The following trusts are not subject to the Net Investment Income Tax: Thus answer is Option B, Decedent Trust.

not a trust exempted ftom net investment income tax under irc1411p.pdf

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Mitochondrial diseases are known in plants, but not in animals. A.True B. False Solution false In most mammals ,The DNA found in mitochondria is inherent from the mother only.Mitochondrial diseases are caused by mutations in either mitochondrial DNA or in genes in the nucleus that encode for proteins that function in the mitochondria.Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother.Thus,a child can inherit a mitochondrial disease either from the mother alone or from both parents carrying mutations in the same nuclear gene..

Mitochondrial diseases are known in plants, but not in animals. A.Tr.pdf

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In each of the following exercises, assume only the Incidence, Betweenness, and Plane Separation Axioms. Let L, E, H-1, and H-2 be as in the statement of the Plane Separation Axiom. Prove the following: a) H_1 and H_2 are disjoint. b) Neither of the sets Hi and H2 is empty. Solution The three primitive terms are point, line, and betweenness. These terms are also called undefinedterms since we do not give a formal, mathematical definition for them. One can only give informal, non-mathematical explanations for them. In some sense, the meaning of these terms is not determined by definitions but instead on what is expressed in the axioms. Remark. On the other hand, when we study models we will interpret the primitive terms, sometimes in unconventional ways. In this case, the primitive terms are in a sense defined, but only for the particular model. The fact that the primitive terms have no official definition opens the door to a variety of models. Euclid’s approach has postulates of geometry and other assumptions called common notions. In our current development postulates will be replaced by axioms, and the common notions will be replaced by our collection of background tools of logic. These tools include (i) propositional and predicate logic, (ii) easy set theory including basics of functions and relations, (iii) properties of equality, and (iv) from time-to-time some number systems. When we say equality we mean sameness, not congruence or “same size”. For example, when the objects are sets (such as line segments, circles, rays), equality will be set equality. Properties of congruence and size will not be part of the background tools (although Euclid included these in his common notions), instead they will be developed in these notes. We begin with a really basic axiom that tells you something about the primitive terms. Now coming back to our question we know that every Neutral Geometry contains at least one line, l. The plane separation postulate says that the set of all points that do not lie on l lie in one of two non-empty, disjoint half-planes H1 or H2. Thus, in order to get three noncollinear points, we can take two points A, B l, and one point C which belongs to either H1 or H2. Since C belongs to one of the two half-planes created by the line l, then we know that C does not lie on l. Furthermore, since A and B lie on a unique line l, we know that A, B, C are noncollinear..

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