True or False Justify your answer.The concept of flooding is alwa.pdf

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True or False? Justify your answer. The concept of flooding is always a bad idea for routing IP packets. Solution TRUE. Because flooding can be costly in terms of wasted bandwidth. While a message may only have one destination it has to be sent to every host. In the case of a ping flood or a denial of service attack, it can be harmful to the reliability of a computer network. Furthermore messages can become duplicated in the network further increasing the load on the networks bandwidth as well as requiring an increase in processing complexity to disregard duplicate messages. Duplicate packets may circulate forever, unless certain precautions are taken:.

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Help please, I have attached LinkedList.cpp and LinkedList.h Please help with the implementation of the Stack.h and Stack.cpp as well LinkedList.cpp ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ #include \"LinkedList.h\" LinkedList::LinkedList() { first = last = NULL; } LinkedList::~LinkedList() { while (first != NULL) { Node *temp; temp = first; first = first->next; free(temp); } last = NULL; } void LinkedList::insertAtBack(int valueToInsert) { Node *temp = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); temp->val = valueToInsert; temp->next = NULL; if (last == NULL) first = last = temp; else { last->next = temp; last = temp; } } bool LinkedList::removeFromBack() { if (first == NULL) return false; else if (first == last) { free(first); first = last = NULL; } else { Node *temp; temp = first; while (temp->next != last) temp = temp->next; last = temp; temp = temp->next; free(temp); last->next = NULL; } return true; } void LinkedList::print() { Node *temp = first; while (temp != last) { cout << temp->val << \" \"; temp = temp->next; } if (temp != NULL) cout << temp->val; } bool LinkedList::isEmpty() { if (first == last) return true; return false; } int LinkedList::size() { int count = 0; Node *temp = first; if (temp == NULL) return count; while (temp != last) { count++; temp = temp->next; } return count + 1; } void LinkedList::clear() { while (first != NULL) { Node *temp; temp = first; first = first->next; free(temp); } last = NULL; } /*Exercise2 */ void LinkedList::insertAtFront(int valueToInsert) { Node *temp = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); temp->val = valueToInsert; if (last == NULL) first = last = temp; else { temp->next = first; first = temp; } } bool LinkedList::removeFromFront() { if (first == NULL) return false; Node *temp = first; first = first->next; free(temp); if (first == NULL) last = NULL; return true; } LinkedList.h ~~~~~~~~~~~ #include \"LinkedList.h\" LinkedList::LinkedList() { first = last = NULL; } LinkedList::~LinkedList() { while (first != NULL) { Node *temp; temp = first; first = first->next; free(temp); } last = NULL; } void LinkedList::insertAtBack(int valueToInsert) { Node *temp = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); temp->val = valueToInsert; temp->next = NULL; if (last == NULL) first = last = temp; else { last->next = temp; last = temp; } } bool LinkedList::removeFromBack() { if (first == NULL) return false; else if (first == last) { free(first); first = last = NULL; } else { Node *temp; temp = first; while (temp->next != last) temp = temp->next; last = temp; temp = temp->next; free(temp); last->next = NULL; } return true; } void LinkedList::print() { Node *temp = first; while (temp != last) { cout << temp->val << \" \"; temp = temp->next; } if (temp != NULL) cout << temp->val; } bool LinkedList::isEmpty() { if (first == last) return true; return false; } int LinkedList::size() { int count = 0; Node *temp = first; if (temp == NULL) return count; while (temp != last) { count++; temp = temp->next; } return count + 1; } void LinkedList::clear() { while (first != NULL) { Node *.

Help please, I have attached LinkedList.cpp and LinkedList.hPlease.pdf

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Fruits develop from microsporangia receptacles fertilized eggs ovaries ovules Solution Answer : The correct answer is 4 (Ovaries). Pollination in the flowering plants results in the formation of seeds from Ovules where as the fruits are formed from Ovaries. Supplementary information : A true fruit consists of two main parts. Seeds which are developed from ovules and contains endosperm, embryo and seed coat and The pericarp developed from the walls of the ovary. Structure and thickness varies greatly in different kinds of fruits..

Fruits develop from microsporangia receptacles fertilized eggs ovarie.pdf

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Find all equilibrium solutions of the equation dydx = y^2 - 1. Use o.pdf

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Determine which protist causes each of the following diseases in humans. leishmaniasis Trypanosoma cruzi malaria Plasmodium spp. Leishmania s beaver fever Toxoplasma gondii toxoplasmosis Giardia lamblia Chagas disease Solution Additional Information: 1) Leishmaniasis: This is caused from the bites of sandflies infected with the leishmania parasite.The cutaneous form presents with skin ulcers, while the mucocutaneous form presents with ulcers of the skin, mouth, and nose 2) Malaria: It is caused from the bite of infected female anopheles mosquito. The plasmodium parasite infect RBC\'s which leads to low haemoglobin count and recurrent fever. 3) Beaver fever: Also known as giardiasis, it causes diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Vomiting, blood in the stool, and fever are less common. 4) Toxoplasmosis: The parasite attacks the lymph nodes, causing weakening of the immune system and seizures. 5) Chagas disease: Also known as sleeping sickness, the parasite attacks almost all the organs. If left untreated, the disease can prove fatal.Name of diseaseCausative protistLeishmaniasisLeishmania spp.MalariaPlasmodium sppBeaver feverGiardia lambliaToxoplasmosisToxoplasma gondiiChagas diseaseTrypanosoma cruzi.

Determine which protist causes each of the following diseases in huma.pdf

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Describe the transmission of the meningococcus, and discuss the pathogenesis of meningococcal disease in the body including associated signs and symptoms. Solution Transmission: Meningococcal disease is caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis.Meningococcal disease is spread from person to person.The bacteria are spread by exchanging respiratory and throat secretions such as saliva or spit,during close or lengthy contact,especially if living in the same household.The bacteria are not spread by casual contact or by simply breathing the air where a person with meningococcal disease has been.Sometimes bacteria spread to people who have had close or lengthy contact with a patient with meningococcal disease.People in the same household,roommates,or anyone with direct contact with a patient\'s oral secretions would be considered at increased risk of getting the infection. Pathogenesis: Meningococcal disease causes life-threatening meningitis and sepsis conditions.In the case of meningitis,bacteria attack the lining between the brain and skull called the meninges.The meninges begin to swell and affects the central nervous system.The sepsis type of infection is more deadly,and results in a severe blood poisoning called meningococcal sepsis which affects the entire body.In this,bacterial toxins rupture blood vessels and can rapidly shut down vital organs.Within hours,patient\'s health can change from seemingly good to mortality. This bacterium is surrounded by a slimy outer coat that contains disease-causing endotoxin. The levels of endotoxin produced by meningococcal bacteria are 100 to 1,000 times greater than normal.As the bacteria multiply and move through the bloodstream,it sheds concentrated amounts of toxin.The endotoxin directly affects the heart,reducing its ability to circulate blood,and also build pressure on blood vessels throughout the body such that some blood vessels start to hemorrhage,major organs like the lungs and kidneys gets damaged.Patients suffering from meningococcal disease are treated with a large dose of antibiotic.The systemic antibiotic flowing through the bloodstream rapidly kills the bacteria but,as the bacteria are killed,even more toxin is released.It takes many days for the toxin to get neutralised from the body by using treatment. Signs and symptoms: The most common symptoms are a stiff neck,high fever,sensitivity of light ,confusion, headaches and vomitings.Bacterial meningitis may result in brain damage,hearing loss or a learning disability.Meningococcal septicaemia is characterized by a haemorrhagic rash and rapid circulatory collapse..

Describe the transmission of the meningococcus, and discuss the path.pdf

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dass Defining Species art C Gene flow and the biological species concept Recall that the biological species conoept defines a species as a group of whose members have the in nature and produce viable, fertle ofspring This means that al members of these populations (called conspecifics) can contribute to a common gene pool. Conspecifics are organisms or populations that belong to the same species. Genes are transferred between oonspecific populations through both direct and indrect fow. Biologists studying disease susceptibility in mice used genetic techniques to look for gene fow in 12 wild populations of mioe. The populations (designated Athrough L) were located along a 210km ransect The found evidenoe of gene flow between some, but not al, pairs of populations In the grid below, a*** indcates a pair of populations in which dieetgene flow was deteeted and a wandoares a that showed no evidence of direct gene fiow. For help reading this grid, see Hint 2. Solution Look at the population A: \"+\" at K whic means Direct gene flow. Now look at K: Straight down you get \"+\" for both D and F which means direct gene flow. Also, H and I has \"+\" signs for D which shows indirect gene flow. Look at population B: \"+\" at L which means direct gene flow. Now look at L, straight down you get \"+\" for both E which shows indirect gene flow. Look at population C: \"+\" at G and J which means direct gene flow. So, in a nutshell : Population A: K,D,H,I,F Population B: L,E Population C: G, J.

dass Defining Species art C Gene flow and the biological species conc.pdf

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Describe one way in which you could use butterfly rearing in the future. If you would use it for education, what would you want your students to learn? What grade would you utilize it in and what standard(s) would it meet? min 250 words Solution First students would learn observing the Life Cycle of a butterfly, students obserrve one organism over time and compare its early development (caterpillar) to its later development (butterfly). A fundamental observaion skill in science is comparing and contrasting. Students will also compare actual characteristics of a butterfly with a functional representation of a butterfly. There are four stages in the metamorphosis of butterflies and moths : egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Egg: Eggs are laid on plants by the adult female butterfly. These plants will then become the food for the hatching caterpillars. Eggs can be laid from spring, summer, or fall.This depends on the species of butterfly. Females lay a lot of eggs at once so that at least some of them survive. Butterfly eggs can be very small Caterpillar: The Feeding Stage : The next stage is the larva. This is also called a caterpillarr if the insect is a butterfly or a moth.The job of the caterpillar is to eat. As the caterpillar grows it splits its skin and sheds it about 4 or 5 times. Food eaten at this time is stored and used later as an adult. Caterpillars can grow 100 times size during this stage. For example, a monarch butterfly egg is the size of a pinhead and the caterpillar that hatches from this tiny eggs isn\'t much bigger. But it will up to 2 inches long in several weeks. Puoa: The Transition Stage : When the caterpillar is full grown and stops eating, it becomes a pupa. The pupa of butterflies is also called a chrysalis.Depending on the species, the pupa may suspended under a branch, hidden in leaves or buried underground. The pupa of many moths is protected inside a coccoon of silk.This stage can last from a few weeks, a month or even longer. Some species have a pupal stage that lasts for two years. It may look like nothing is going on but big changes are happening inside. Special cells that were present in the larva are now growing rapidly. They will become the legs, wings, eyes, and other parts of the adult butterfly. Many of the original larva cells will provide energy for these growing adult cells. Adult: The Reproductive Stage : The adult stage is very different from the larva. The caterpillar has a few tiny eyes, stubby legs, and very short antennae. The adult have long legs , long antennae, and compound eyes. The can also fly by using their large and colorful wings. But they can\'t do is grow. The adult\'s work is to mate and lay eggs. Some species of adult butterflies get energy by feeding on nectar from flowers but many species don\'t feed at all.Flying comes in handy but female can fly easily fly from place to place to find the right plant for its eggs. This is important because caterpillars can\'t fly far. Most adult butterf.

Describe one way in which you could use butterfly rearing in the fut.pdf

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Critical Thinking Course...Philosophy In Chapter 8, we learned the basics of truth-functional logic. It is important to remember that the purpose of truth-functional logic is to determine which arguments are valid and which are invalid, and common invalid forms are known as truth-functional fallacies. Consider the following question. Which of the following is a well-known truth-functional fallacy? (Points : 4) a. Modus tollens b. Modus ponens c. Valid chain d. Denying the consequent Solution.

Critical Thinking Course...PhilosophyIn Chapter 8, we learned the .pdf

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Can I get a detailed answer on the following question. Bacterial indicatior to monitor faecal contamination in water. (a) bacterial indicator (b) rationale for using indicator organism Solution a). Indicator bacteria are the different types of bacteria that are expected to present in the contaminated water samples. These bacteria are not harmful to humans but indicate the presence of pathogenic bacteria. Thus, they are used as a measure of indicating contaminated water. b). The microbial limit of human feces is approximately 100 billion/gram. They include different bacteria species, some of them can be pathogenic such as Campylobacter and Salmonella. Certain viruses, protozoa and parasites may also present in the feces. The commonly used indicator bacteria are, totalcoli formsorfecalcoli forms..

Can I get a detailed answer on the following question. Bacterial ind.pdf

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Another algebraic way to express a constraint is E_1 = E_2, where bot.pdf

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An infinitely long sheet of charge of width L lies in the xy -plane between x=L/2 and x=L/2 . The surface charge density is . Derive an expression for the electric field E at height z above the centerline of the sheet. (Assume that z0 .) Express your answer in terms of the variables , L , z , unit vector k^ , and appropriate constants. Solution The sheet is kept on the xy plane with a width of L along the x axis. We would consider a section of the sheet at a distance of x from the origin of thickness dx. Since it extends infinitely along the y axis. We have an infinite rod with at distance of x from origin with linear charge density of dx Now, the electic field at z due to this infinitely long strip would be dx / 2o * sqrt(z^2 + x^2) However, by symmetry we can say that the net electric field will point along the z axis as the components in the xy plane would eventually cancel out. Hence dE = z dx / 2o * (z^2 + x^2) We integrate the above to obtain: E = ( / 2o)[atan(x/z)](from -L/2 to + L/2) or, E = ( / 2o)[atan(L/2z) - atan(-L/2z)] = ( /o)[atan(L/2z)] NOTE: There are two ways of approaching the problem, either you can assume a small section of thickness dy at distance y and then proceed, or you can assume an infinitely long strip at some distance x and then go ahead. However, it needs to be mentioned that the first way gives a little tricky integral whereas the second one, as above, is fairly straightforward. The integral above is of the form dx / (a^2 + x^2) = (1/a) atan (x/a) Further, while subtracting the max and min value for the integral, the negative. you would need the relation tanx = tan-x Hence the difference of atan of negative x and postiive x ends up getting added..

An infinitely long sheet of charge of width L lies in the xy -plane .pdf

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A study tracked incidence rates of a blood vessel disorder over time for individuals 50 years and older (see figure below). What is the name for the type of the time trend pattern demonstrated in this chart? (Choose the one best answer) Secular Cyclical Calendar d Influenza Although it looks like incidence of the disease has increased over the past 40+ years, the authors dispel this hypothesis. What might be one explanation for what appears to be higher incidence rates of this disease over time if the incidence rates, in fact, did not increase? The disease is being spread more rapidly due to travel. People are living longer with the disease. cThe population over 50 years has grown in comparison to the under-50 population. d People who contract the disease are now more likely to be diagnosed due to more widespread knowledge of the disease among providers. a Women were more likely to contract the disease than men. b The rates of disease dropped substantially in 1980. c The cyclical nature of the disease indicates that it is infectious. d The prevalence appears to have increased over time.a Secularb Cyclicalc Calendar d Influenza Although it looks like incidence of the disease has increased over the past 40+ years, the authors dispel this hypothesis. What might be one explanation for what appears to be higher incidence rates of this disease over time if the incidence rates, in fact, did not increase?a The disease is being spread more rapidly due to travel.b People are living longer with the disease. cThe population over 50 years has grown in comparison to the under-50 population. d People who contract the disease are now more likely to be diagnosed due to more widespread knowledge of the disease among providers. The authors of this study concluded from the data shown in this figure that this disease is probably infectious. Why did they make this conclusion? a Women were more likely to contract the disease than men. b The rates of disease dropped substantially in 1980. c The cyclical nature of the disease indicates that it is infectious. d The prevalence appears to have increased over time. Solution can you please put the figure so that the questions can be answered..

A study tracked incidence rates of a blood vessel disorder over time.pdf

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A distant galaxy was found to have a redshift of 1.8. How far away i.pdf

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68 Mitosis and the Cell Cycle Key idea Mtosis an important part of the cel e in which the replicated chromosomes is are separated and the cell divides, two new cels. Mitosis is a stage in the cell cycle An overview of mitosis The life cycle of a cell is called the cell cycle. It is divided into a number of stages in which specific activities occur. Mtosis is one stags ot the cet cyclo. The activities carried out during the cell eyde include growth of the call, teplicason of the DNA, condensation of the chromosomes, minosis, and onokinesis M-phase (mitosis and cyylokinesis)is part of the cell cycle in which the parent cel divdes in two to produce two genetically identical daughter cells (right). Mnosis is one of the shortest stages of the cell cycle. When cell is not undergoing mitosis, It is said to be in interphase. Interphase accounts for 90% of the oel eyde. The Del divides toming identca daughter The ohromosome Number At any one time, only smal proporton of te oels in undergoing misosis. The majony of the cells will be in interphase. The cell cycle Second gap phase: s Phase: Chromosome Cells spend most of their time in interphase interphase is devided into thrae stages fright: The fist gap phase. During interphase the oel grows, camies out The cell cycle its normal activities, and replicates its DNA in preparation for cel dvison interphase is not a stage in mitosis. Mitosis and cytokinesis (M-phase) Mtosis and cytokinesis ooour during Mphase. During mitosis, the cell nucleus (containing the replicated DNA) divides in two equa parts. First gap phase: Cytokinesis occurs at the end of M-phase. the two tells saparate. Coll growth and During cytokinesis the cel cytoplasm divides, from nudaar division. and two new daughter are produced. Solution Answer 1. The purpose of mitosis is cell division and maintaining the ploidy levels of the organism. Answer 2. The cell grows before mitosis and the chromosomes of the cells double before the mitosis takes place in a cell. Answer 3. During Interphase, the cell grows in size, maintain its functions and the chromosome doubles. During Mitosis: (i) Prophase and prometaphase: The DNA condenses to form Chromosomes, Nuclear membrane dissolves, The polar bodies migrates to the opposite ends of the cell. Spindle fibers begin to form. (ii) Metaphase: Chromosomes align in the middle of cells and centromeres are attached to the spindle fibers. (iii) Anaphase: Centromeres of the chromosomes break and sister chromatids move towards opposite poles. (iv) Nuclear membrane forms and Cytokinesis begins During Cytokinesis: The cell divides into two cells..

68 Mitosis and the Cell Cycle Key idea Mtosis an important part of th.pdf

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5. Exponential functions are useful in business and economics. Lesson 7 discusses them. Show how the values are entered into your functions and also calculate the amounts for each of the following: Solution A1: Monthly inflation rate = 0.2%. Thus annualized rate = (1+0.2/100)^12 – 1 = 2.43% A2: Here 1.05 = (1+r)^12 Or (1.05)^1/12 = 1+r Or r = 0.407% B1: F = 10,000*e^(0.06*10) = 10,000*1.8221 = $18,221.18 B2: Here F = 141.02, r = 5.5% or 0.055 and t = 6.25 Thus P = 141.02/e^(0.055*6.25) Or P = 141.02/1.4102 = $100 Now F = 20,000. R = 4.75% or 0.0475 and t = 7.5 Thus P = 20,000/e^(0.0475*7.5) = $14,005.95.

5. Exponential functions are useful in business and economics. Lesson.pdf

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35. What is malting grain and why is it necessary prior to fermentation? 36. What is the process of lipid mobilization after germination? Solution 35.Malting is a process in which malt is left behind when a cereal grain has been dried which is followed by sprouting.It is again air dried and then finally heated in an oven. It is necessary prior to fermentation in order to bring the malt to its highest point of possible soluble starch content and this can be easily added to water during fermentation.”This can be easily done by heating the grain just to the point where the growth process stops.The main purpose is to generate the coluble starch which can be used further as well. 36.Lipid Moblization after germination is a process in which the mobilization of storage lipid takes place by germinating seeds of any oilseed plant which can be Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.This process usually occurs at a greatly reduced rate and it occurs in the the presence of exogenous glucose or mannose..

35. What is malting grain and why is it necessary prior to fermentat.pdf

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2) Your friend says there is a supernova with an azimuth of 8 degree.pdf

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1. 1. 2. 3. Which is used to assess the investment performance of a particular financial market? O standard deviation O an index correlation reinvested profits Solution Standard Deviation Standard deviation is a measure of risk that an investment will not meet the expected return in a given period. The smaller an investment\'s standard deviation, the less volatile (and hence risky) it is. The larger the standard deviation, the more dispersed those returns are and thus the riskier the investment is. Calculate the return in $: Capital Gains = ( 28 - 20 ) x 200 shares = $1600 Dividend gains = $0.15 x 200 shares = $30 Total Gains - Commission paid = 1600 + 30 - 35 - 35 = $1560.

1.1.2.3. Which is used to assess the investment performance .pdf

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Which of the following options include only FREE phospholipid movement in membrane bilayers Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Phospholipid flipping (movement from one layer to another) B flexion rotation and lateral diffusion C lateral diffusion D insertion of new phospholipids E flipping and rotation *Pls don\'t bother answering if you are not 100% sure your answer is correct, Thanks* Solution Phospholipid movement in lipid bilayer follows several processes. phospholipid flipping is the main, it is due to the presene of transmembrane lipid transporter proteins known as FLIPPASES. they are responsible for phospholipid movement. Flipping dont involve rotation due to the FLUID MOSAIC nature of the membrane. LATERAL DIFFUSION- this is also an important process in phospholipid movement.there are many membrane proteins or lipid that cause lateral diffusion. because lipid bilayer has two roles; 1. it act as solvent for integral membrane protein. 2. it also act as a permiability barrier..

Which of the following options include only FREE phospholipid moveme.pdf

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Which one of the following descriptions of the term is incorrect? Bacillus = bent or folded Coccus = spherical Spirilla = helical(short form) Vibrios = comma shaped Staphylococci = clusters of spherical cells Viruses are Symbiont Commensals Obligatory intracellular parasite Hosts to bacteria None of the above In which of the following life cycles do viruses kill hosts? Lysogenic Lytic Both of the above None of the above Which of the following is the most common in the cell walls of gram positive bacteria? Cellulose lipopolysaccharide lignin. peptidoglycan protein. What kind of entity is a lichen? an association between a fungus and a brown algae. an association between a multicellular protist related to the brown algae and a bacterium. an association between a bryophyte and a fungus. an association between a fungus and cyanobacteria or green algae. an association between a bryophyte and a bacterium. An example of an emerging virus \"(a virus in a new host)\" with lethality rate in excess of 50% is influenza. Ebola virus. Hepatitis B. Variola virus. Yellow fever. Solution Staphylococci = culture of spherical cell Symbiont lytic peptidoglycan An association between a fungus and cyanobacteria or green algae Ebola virus.

Which one of the following descriptions of the term is incorrect Ba.pdf

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