The Theme of Love in Sulaby The Theme Of Love In Sula The Th.docx

The Theme of Love in Sula
by The Theme Of Love In Sula The Theme Of Love In Sula
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The Theme of Love in Sula
ORIGINALITY REPORT
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The Theme of Love in Sulaby The Theme Of Love In Sula The
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Running head: IMPACT OF THE ACA ON HEALTH CARE
1
IMPACT OF THE ACA ON HEALTH CARE
4
Impact of the ACA on Health Care
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Impact of the ACA on the Health Care
Affordable Care Act (ACA) is one of the legislative laws that
played an important role in redefining the health sector in the
United States. The Act has been instrumental in ensuring
medical coverage to enable citizens to acquire affordable health
care services. The paper examines the impact of the ACA in
healthcare as well as the effect that would be experienced if the
law is repealed.
The main goal of ACA was to expand both the private and
Medicaid coverage to ensure that it covers more than 50 million
citizens that were uninsured before the law was enacted (Eguia

et al., 2020). Before the law was enacted, the United States
government-insured its citizens through programs such as the
Medicaid and Children’s health insurance. However, through
these programs, those without children and some low-income
parents remained uninsured. Therefore, the law ensures that all
citizens are insured regardless of age, gender as well as income
eligibility.
The law also contained provisions that intended to increase the
accessibility of health insurance. When the law was enacted, it
ensured that the coverage of children is extended to cover up to
individuals of age 26 (Eguia et al., 2020). Therefore, the law
led ensured led to increasing of medical coverage among the
target population. Upon the enactment of the law, the number of
young adults that got covered increased from one million to
three million.
The new Act also contained provisions that prohibited denying
or charging higher premiums due to the health conditions of an
individual (Eguia et al., 2020). It enabled individuals to get
insurance regardless of their health conditions and created a
website where individuals could view their premiums and plan
effectively for their payments. Finally, the law also imposed
penalties on those who default the amount of their coverage as
well as employers who failed to cover their employees. That
helped in ensuring that most of the citizens in the employment
sectors got insured.
Impact of Repealing the ACA
Repealing the Affordable Care Act by the federal state had a
significant impact on the health care that included both negative
and positive effects. For instance, repealing the Act would
reduce the projected spending of the government as well as the
deficits by more than a trillion-dollar in the coming years
(Trachtman, 2020). Besides, repealing the ACA would result not
only in reducing the projected federal deficits but also in
increasing the depletion of the Medicare trust fund.

Public Policies
When providing quality health care that is more affordable for
all without necessarily increasing government expenditure, the
federal state should come up with policies that will ensure that
the citizens pay for their coverage programs. First, the
government should develop a policy where all employers deduct
employee’s salary and remit to the health insurance company.
Individuals with low income should also be allowed to pay a
significant amount to top their health cover to ensure that the
government does not spend much on paying for their insurance
cover.
Generally, ACA has improved health care standards as it
enables citizens to acquire affordable care services. It also
enhances the accessibility of the health insurance cover that is
more convenient for the prosperity of the nation.
References
Eguia, E., Baker, M. S., Chand, B., Sweigert, P. J., & Kuo, P.
C. (2020). The impact of the affordable care act (ACA)
Medicaid Expansion on access to minimally invasive surgical
care. The American Journal of Surgery, 219(1), 15-20.
Retrieved from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002961019
307688
Trachtman, S. (2020). When State Policy Makes National
Politics: The Case of “Obamacare” Marketplace
Implementation. Journal of health politics, policy and
law, 45(1), 111-141. Retrieved from:
https://read.dukeupress.edu/jhppl/article-
abstract/45/1/111/140655
Reply to the following two classmates’ posts. In your reply
posts, incorporate challenges you would anticipate for the

proposals, as well as arguments to overcome those challenges.
Each reply should be 200 to 400 words.
TURNITIN ASSIGNMENT (FREE OF PLAGIARISM)
POST # 1: Bethany
The purpose of this discussion is to obtain knowledge on the
health disparities that currently exist in the United States (U.S)
and to identify two public health policies that are needed in
order to reduce specifically the racial and ethnic disparities in
healthcare. Shi and Singh (2014) state that the 2015 U.S census
bureau estimated that more than 38% of the population was
made up of minorities. With this number expected to continue to
rise, it is important that the correlation is made to these
minorities and the uninsured. In 2014, the number of uninsured
was 19.9% of Hispanics, 11.8% of blacks, 9.3% of Asian
Americans (Shi, & Singh, 2014). These minorities have a harder
time accessing healthcare, receive care of lesser quality and are
an increased risk for contracting illness’ (Shi, & Singh, 2014).
In 2010, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) sought to narrow the
gap on health disparities by offering increased government-
assisted health insurance programs through Medicaid and
setting standards for the health insurance companies to widen
the eligibility and to prevent discrimination (Shi, & Singh,
2014). This public policy helped to reduce the number of
minorities that were uninsured and was an overall step in the
right direction. However, some Republicans continue to repeal
and alter the ACA which has led to some stricter requirements
and many becoming uninsured once again (Hayes, et al. 2017).
This is a step in the wrong direction because of the more
uninsured citizens out there the poorer the health of these
individuals and families which results in more expenses for the
government anyways.
There are two public policies that could be used to reduce these
disparities in health care and they include requiring all citizens

to obtain health insurance either through private insurance
companies or an expanded Medicaid system that is mostly
government-funded and an additional expansion on health
insurance that allows young adults to be covered through
parental insurance plans up until age 30. These policies would
almost eliminate the uninsured Americans in two quick acts that
open the opportunities for insurance at decreased cause but also
sets a standard that has to be followed in order to lead to
improved health and healthcare.
Kaiser Health News mentions that the uninsured are especially
common in rural areas and that is why these areas would be
great for testing these new policies before they are enacted into
law. The first policy would put into place a deadline that
citizens would have to obtain insurance and those that remained
uninsured would face a heavy penalty the following tax year.
President Obama attempted to initiate this policy but failed
because the penalty for not being insured was still cheaper for
individuals than paying for insurance (Shi, & Singh, 2014). This
mistake can be avoided by implementing it first in a rural
community in order to work through the kinks and provide
evidenced-based adjustments.
Second, allowing young adults to stay on their parent’s health
insurance until they are 30 years-old would eliminate the largest
population of uninsured (Shi, & Singh, 2014). Young adults are
oftentimes just entering careers in their late 20’s and are still
facing school debts and other major bills that they can barely
afford. They are also pretty healthy a majority of the time and
would rather avoid seeking health care than fork out a lump sum
each paycheck for health insurance. Advancing the age of
coverage on parental health insurance would decrease the
amount of uninsured exponentially and increase health in a
large population of Americans.
References
Hayes, S., Riley, P., Radley, D. (2017). Reducing Racial and

Ethnic Disparities in Access to Care. Retrieved
from https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-
briefs/2017/aug/reducing-racial-and-ethnic-disparities-access-
care-has
Kaiser Health News. (2020). States Look For Big Ideas To Turn
Around Health Care Deficiencies In Rural
Areas. https://khn.org/morning-breakout/states-look-for-big-
ideas-to-turn-around-health-care-deficiencies-in-rural-areas/
POST # 2: Carla
Minority racial and ethnic groups do not have access to the
same level of care as racial and ethnic majority groups. The
disparity between these groups influences disparities in other
socioeconomic aspects. Therefore, legislation to reduce these
disparities is key to improving the quality of life of racial and
ethnic minorities. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has reduced
these disparities in a historically unprecedented manner
(Baumgartner, Collins, Radley, & Hayes, 2020). Since 2016,
much of this progress has stalled.
It is important to note the strides made in reducing healthcare
disparities prior to 2016. This is evidence of a legal basis for
the reduction of healthcare disparities. It is clear that legislation
can provide easier access to healthcare for racial and ethnic
minorities. It is opposition to this legislation that increases
disparities. The Republican party, in efforts to repeal the ACA,
has created circumstances that stall the progress made by the
ACA. Thus, the previous disparities and issues in healthcare
will return.
Given that legislation has been proven successful at
increasing healthcare access and quality for racial and ethnic
minorities, it stands to reason that future legislation will have
the same impact. One such public policy measure is education
on nutrition and food. Many racial and ethnic minorities are
medically disadvantaged because of social determinants

(Thornton et al., 2016). Increasing awareness of health nutrition
is key to increasing the demand for increased health resources.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that
Native Americans were almost twice as likely as non-Hispanic
whites to have type-2 diabetes (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention [CDC], 2016). Decreased access to healthy food and
quality healthcare contribute to this dangerous statistic. Thus, a
public policy requiring early education and nutritional
intervention must also include food assistance and aid. It is not
enough to simply state what is needed. Racial and ethnic
minorities will continue to be left behind unless greater
attempts are made.
A second public policy measure that may aid in decreasing
health disparities should move to increase the number of care
providers in minority communities. Minority neighborhoods
have far fewer healthcare options that racial majority
neighborhoods, and many lack the resources to care for serious
illnesses (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2008). An improvement in
this area could be done in many ways. Increasing the number of
racial and ethnic minorities in healthcare may increase the
number of providers in minority communities. Furthermore,
improving the state of hospitals and provider offices in minority
communities may attract better physicians. Supplying minority
communities with adequate resources is key. This includes
personnel. Encouraging more minority students to pursue
health, and stay within one’s home community, will increase
access to care over successive generations.
Health and healthcare disparities observed by researchers
must be addressed through public policy. The ACA provided
legal precedent for the effectiveness of such policy initiatives.
These disparities will not disappear without proper action.
Racial and ethnic minorities would greatly benefit from an
expansion in public healthcare. An expansion (perhaps to a
single-payer system) would afford minorities the opportunity to
address chronic illness and concerns with a professional without
fear of large medical bills. Furthermore, an expansion in public

health would affect all communities, thus providing an easy and
efficient means of addressing disparities across numerous
communities, not only minorities. Thus, public policy in
healthcare is not only effective, it may be required to preserve
the sanctity and integrity of the American healthcare system.
References
Baumgartner, J., Collins, S., Radley, D., & Hayes, S. (2020,
Jan. 16). How the Affordable Care Act has narrowed racial and
ethnic disparities in access to health care. Retrieved
from https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/2020/jan
/how-ACA-narrowed-racial-ethnic-disparities-access
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Strategies
for reducing health disparities. Retrieved
from https://www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/strategies2016/index.
html
Kaiser Family Foundation. (2008, Oct. 20). Eliminating
racial/ethnic disparities in health care: What are the options?
Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/disparities-policy/issue-
brief/eliminating-racialethnic-disparities-in-health-care-what/
Thornton, R. L., Glover, C. M., Cené, C. W., Glik, D. C.,
Henderson, J. A., & Williams, D. R. (2016). Evaluating
Strategies for reducing health disparities by addressing the
social determinants of health. Health Affairs (Project Hope),
35(8), 1416–1423.
Works Cited Page for Literary Analysis on Sula
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References
REDDY, P. S. A Critical Analysis of Sula by Toni Morrison.
Language in India, [s. l.], v. 12, n. 5, p. 631–637,
2012. Disponível em:
http://db16.linccweb.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/
login.aspx?
direct=true&db=ufh&AN=77367127&site=eds-live. Acesso em:
4 fev. 2020.

A Critical Analysis of Sula by Toni Morrison
Introduction
Toni Morrison got recognition as a writer with her first novel
The Bluest Eye in 1970. In 1973 she has
published her second novel Sula and she has been writing ever
since. In this novel the protagonist, Sula
Peace, lives a life of fierce independence and total disregard for
social conventions. Toni Morrison gives
us an insight into Sula's personality, "she had no center, no
speck around which to grow", thus, "no ego".

Such absence of a structure and foundation leads to the decision
"to be consistent only with herself".
That in its turn appears to result in selfishness, indulgence of
sexual desires and total absence of
respect towards everything that does not concern her. This
article attempts to analyze how the plot of
this novel is well knitted into various themes of the novel and
characterization.
Plot Analysis
The plot of Sula consists of two parts. The novel opens around
1965 with a prologue; after the first
section, it jumps back in time to the year 1919. From that point,
the plot moves forward chronologically
until the very end of the novel, which is also set in 1965. In
between the beginning and the end, each
chapter is titled by a year. Even though the book spans a
lifetime, the plot is not hard to follow because
of the time designations.
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The novel opens with an introduction to The Bottom, the setting
for the whole novel. It also begins to
introduce the key characters, starting with Shadrack. Sula is
introduced in the third section, and the rest

of the book centers on her and her friendship with Nel. The
families of Nel and Sula are contrasted. Nel
is the product of a family that believes deeply in social
conventions; hers is a stable home, though some
might characterize it as rigid. Nel is uncertain of the
conventional life her mother, Helene, wants for her;
these doubts are hammered home when she meets Rochelle, her
grandmother and a former prostitute,
the only unconventional woman in her family line. Sula's family
is very different. She lives with her
grandmother, Eva, and her mother, Hannah, both of whom are
seen by the town as eccentric and loose.
Their house also serves as a home for three informally adopted
boys and a steady stream of boarders.
Despite their differences, Sula and Nel become fiercely attached
to each other during adolescence.
However, a traumatic accident changes everything. One day,
Sula playfully swings a neighborhood boy,
Chicken Little, around by his hands. When she loses her grip,
the boy falls into a nearby river and
drowns. They never tell anyone about the accident even though
they did not intend to harm the boy.
The two girls begin to grow apart. After high school, Nel
chooses to marry and settles into the
conventional role of wife and mother. Sula follows a wildly
divergent path and lives a life of fierce
independence, maintaining a total disregard for social
conventions. Shortly after Nel's wedding, Sula
leaves the Bottom for a period of 10 years. She has many
affairs, some of which, it is rumored, with
white men. However, she finds people following the same
boring routines elsewhere, so she returns to
the Bottom and to Nel.

When Sula returns to Medallion, Part Two begins, and the plot
resumes and moves rapidly toward
Sula's death. Upon her return, the town regards Sula as the very
personification of evil for her blatant
disregard of social conventions. Their hatred in part rests upon
Sula's interracial relationships, but is
crystallized when Sula has an affair with Nel's husband, Jude,
who subsequently abandons Nel.
Ironically, the community's labeling of Sula as evil actually
improves their own lives. Her presence in the
community gives them the impetus to live harmoniously with
one another. Nel breaks off her friendship
with Sula. Just before Sula dies in 1940, they achieve a half-
hearted reconciliation. With Sula's death,
the harmony that had reigned in the town quickly dissolves. The
final section set in 1965, like the
opening section. Nel acknowledges that Sula is the best thing
that has ever happened to her, more than
motherhood or marriage. Additionally, Shadrack reveals the
meaning that Sula had in his life. The novel
has come full circle into a unified whole.
Theme Analysis
The major theme of Sula is right versus wrong. The question of
right versus wrong in the novel can be
traced all the way back to the childhoods of Sula and Nel. As
the two girls played with Chicken Little, a
young child from the neighborhood, Sula was swinging him
around by his hands. She accidentally threw
him into the water, and he drowned. Sula and Nel decided not to
tell anyone the truth about what had
happened. The result is that Sula goes through life believing
that she is evil because she killed Chicken
Little; in contrast, Nel judges herself to be good because it was
not she who caused Chicken Little's
death. The lives of both women are clearly shaped by the views

they have of themselves. As an adult,
Sula is wild and unconventional, while Nel is the picture of
propriety and goodness.
Prompted by a discussion about Chicken Little with Sula's
grandmother, Nel goes to visit the grave of
Sula. There she comes to terms with the truth of her past. Nel
remembers that Sula had been terrified
and anguished over Chicken Little's death; she certainly had not
wanted the boy to die, but blamed
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herself fully for the accident. Nel made no attempt to change
Sula's thinking. Instead, Nel had inwardly
rejoiced at the death, proving the cruelty and evil in her heart.
The truth is that Sula lived a more honest
life than Nel; she accepted herself as evil and lived accordingly.
Nel, on the other hand, has lived a
hypocritical life, pretending to be good and pure in every way.
At the end, however, she faces the
falseness of her life and embraces the dead Sula as her best
friend and judges her to be good, in spite of
the opinion of the community.
Sula is also a story about the presence and absence of family
and friendship. The entire book revolves
around two friends, Sula and Nel. Morrison even indicates that
their friendship is the most important
relationship in their lives. Unfortunately, even though the girls

are closely bonded in their childhood, they
are not really truthful with one another in their adulthood. Even
though they seem to need one another,
they betray each other. Sula sleeps with Nel's husband, breaking
up the marriage, and Nel refuses to tell
Sula that she should forgive herself for Chicken Little's death.
The two women are separated, and
mature according to the beliefs they have about themselves;
Sula acts out her evil nature, while Nel is
the picture of goodness and propriety.
Another Theme
Another theme that runs throughout the novel is the influence of
family on a person's being. Nel's
maternal grandmother had been a prostitute in New Orleans.
Therefore, Nel's mother, Helene,
determines that she will rise above such sinfulness and live a
life of goodness, purity, and respectability.
She comes to The Bottom to escape the ill repute of her
mother's past. She raises her daughter to have
her own moral values, even though Nel tries not to be just like
her mother. Sula, on the other hand,
receives little attention from her mother, Hannah, or her
grandmother, Eva, who clearly favors Sula's
brother. Hannah is a sensuous woman who seeks the company of
all the men in town; Sula
disapproves of her mother's behavior and views her with a
detached sense of alienation. When Hannah
catches on fire, Eva jumps from the second story to try and save
her, while Sula watches from the
porch and does nothing. Ironically, Sula grows up to be much
like her mother, believing she has no need
for attachments and having no self-respect. Sula even destroys
her one friendship in life by sleeping
with Nel's husband.

Character Analysis
Sula Peace
As a child, Sula is strange, mysterious, somewhat defiant, and
definitely different from those around her.
Her life is shaped by two occurrences in her youth: the death of
Chicken Little, for which she blames
herself, and the overheard conversation of her mother when she
says she does not really like her
daughter. Sula grows up feeling guilty and unloved. Her only
joy is spending time with her best friend,
Nel Wright. The two of them become inseparable, even though
they are totally different in background
and personality.
As soon as the wedding of Nel with Jude is over, Sula leaves
Medallion for ten years. When Sula returns
to The Bottom after her ten-year absence, it is obvious that she
has definitely changed. The people in
Medallion, who have always found Sula to be strange, now feel
totally alienated from her. Her difference
makes her unacceptable. As a result, every bad thing that
happens in the town is blamed on her,
especially after she puts Eva in a nursing home, and has her
affair with her best friend's husband.
Because the people of The Bottom, in their smallmindedness,
reject her, Sula feels totally isolated; then
when Nel rejects her as well, she has nothing to live for and
goes to her grave early. On her deathbed,
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Sula reflects on her life. She remembers the death of Chicken
Little, and watching her mother burn to
death. She decides her life had little meaning. It is a tragic
comment on Sula's existence.
Despite her strange ways, there are a few moments in which
Sula is portrayed with utter sympathy. In
Shadrack's cabin, she is seen as a frightened, guilt-ridden, and
inconsolable child. When she hears her
mother say she does not like her, Sula is portrayed as a totally
crushed daughter. When Nel marries,
she becomes the jilted friend who feels she must leave town to
find herself. On her deathbed, she is the
pathetic vision of a wasted life who destroyed the relationship
with her one true friend, Nel Wright; in pain
and misery, she calls out to Nel, but it is too late. After Sula
dies, Nel knows that her friend's negative
vision of herself shaped her whole being. She realizes that Sula
was totally misunderstood all her life,
even by Nel; this misunderstanding constitutes the tragedy of
the novel.
Nel Wright
Nel's background is different from that of Sula. Her family is
respectable and Nel is brought up to be the
same way. When Sula returns to Medallion after a ten-year
absence, Nel, who has suffered from a lack
of friendship, is eager to befriend Sula, in spite of the opinion
of the town about her. Then when she finds
Sula in bed with her husband, she is infuriated. And later, when
Jude leaves her out of shame, Nel is
truly devastated. She goes through the next years of her life
believing that she mourns the loss of her
husband, when in truth it is Sula that she misses. Yet she is too

proud and proper to approach Sula. It is
only when her old friend is dying that Nel dares, in her
"goodness," to go and see her; but even on her
deathbed, she judges Sula to be evil and does not go to her
funeral.
After her own children are adults and abandon her, Nel decides
to pay Eva a visit. The old woman
accuses Nel of being just as guilty for Chicken Little's death as
Sula. Nel is finally forced to come to
grips with the truth. Sula was not really the evil one; instead, it
is she herself that is evil - hard-hearted
and accusing; she even admits to herself that she delighted in
Chicken Little's death, while Sula was
horrified by it. Nel suddenly knows that her friendship with
Sula was the best thing she has ever had,
stronger than motherhood or marriage. She accepts that Sula
was really the other side of her coin. The
unique combination of the two women, who completely
complement each other, forges a friendship that
supercedes everything else in their lives.
Shadrack
Although Shadrack is a minor character, he takes on more
importance because the actual story starts
and ends with him. His created a holiday, National Suicide Day.
He becomes important in the story of
The Bottom. Shadrack only interacts with Sula one time in the
novel.
Shadrack's National Suicide Day has an element of both catalyst
and closure for The Bottom.
Throughout the novel, he faithfully celebrates his holiday,
eagerly leading a parade through town that few
people join. Ironically, after Sula's death, Shadrack has no

excitement for National Suicide Day and has
to make himself go to the parade; but the townsfolk, excited to
be rid of Sula, join in the procession. The
excitement swells, and the Blacks find themselves heading
toward the tunnel being built by the whites.
Filled with hatred for the tunnel, they begin to destroy it from
the outside. Then they go inside to do more
damage, but the tunnel caves in and most of them are killed - on
National Suicide Day; it is as if their
own erroneous understanding has destroyed them. Shadrack
appropriately stands above on a hill
observing the death scene and ringing a bell.
Eva
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Eva, Sula's grandmother, is alive during the entire span of the
novel. She is significant in the shaping of
Sula and in the movement of the novel's plot. When her husband
leaves her as a young mother, she
goes away for a while. In her absence, she cuts off one of her
legs in order to collect insurance money
to use for raising her children. The community looks up to her
literally and figuratively. Sula, however, is
not in awe of Eva. When the one-legged Eva jumps from the
second story of her house in order to save
Hannah from burning, Sula makes no attempt to help either her
mother or her grandmother. It is her
symbolic rejection of the life that has been forced on her,

largely by Eva. Later, Sula puts Eva in a
nursing home instead of caring for her, much to the shock and
horror of the community.
Eva is a survivor and is never afraid to act or to speak her mind.
When Nel visits her at the end of the
novel, she is an old and confused woman, but she clearly
accuses Nel of being guilty of Chicken Little's
death; she forces Sula's friend to acknowledge that she was
more evil than Sula. It is a life-changing
experience for Nel. Here we can see, Eva has done much to
shape both Sula and Nel, the two central
characters in the novel.
Conclusion
Toni Morrison's Sula is a fine work of art, well planned and
well executed, without losing any human
interest. Toni's narrative will be greatly appreciated in any race
or ethnic group that gives importance to
family and friendship relations. It certainly is appealing to
every
Toni Morrison Courtesy:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni&lowbar;Morrison
References
Bell, Roseann P. "Review of Sula." Critical Essays on Toni
Morrison. Ed. Nellie Y. McKay. Boston: G.K.
Hall and Co., 1988, 24-27.
Davis, Robert Con and Laurie Finke, Eds. Literary Criticism
and Theory: The Greeks to the Present.
New York: Longman, 1989.
Holloway, Karla F. C. "Response to Sula: Acknowledgement of
Womanself."New Dimensions of

Spirituality: A Biracial and Bicultural Reading of the Novels of
Toni Morrison. Eds. Karla F. D. Holloway
and Stephanie A. Demetrakopoulos. New York: Greenwood
Press, 1987, 67-81. Morrison, Toni. Sula.
New York: New American Library, 1973.
Warner, Anne Bradford, "New Myths and Ancient Properties:
The Fiction of Toni Morrison." The Hollins
Critic. June 1988 Vol. XXV, No. 3. Ed. John Rees Moore: 1-11.
~~~~~~~~
By P. Sreenivasulu Reddy, Ph.D.
P. Sreenivasulu Reddy, Ph.D., Head, Department of English V.
R. Institute of Post Graduate Studies
Nellore- 524001, Andhra Pradesh, India, [email protected]
Copyright of Language in India is the property of Language in
India and its content may not be copied or
emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the
copyright holder's express written
permission. However, users may print, download, or email
articles for individual use.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni&lowbar;Morrison
Essay Assignment 1: Documented Literary Analysis
Your literary analysis essay will be on the novel Sula by Toni
Morrison. You can choose from any of the
topics listed below (recommended) or explore further topics in
the chapter on Sula, pp. X to Y in the
book How to Write about Toni Morrison (linked here for your
convenience).

Your literary analysis should be between 2 ½ and 3 pages (600
to 750 words), not including the Works
Cited page, should be double spaced in Times New Roman 12-
point font and must include:
ed thesis that states, somewhere in your
introduction, the assertion (position,
interpretation) that your paper will prove
conclusion
into your discussion
criticism on the novel, preferably from
articles from the MDC databases)
paragraphs
ons in the body paragraphs that
clearly support your thesis
and within paragraphs
-text
citations, and in the Works Cited page
(see the template for the heading and margins in this lesson)
from the novel for a minimum of three
total listed sources
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
our final draft through the Turn-it-in drop

box designated for this purpose in
the course. Please be aware, that although Turn-it-in does allow
for similarities for quotations
up to 24% of your paper, any similarity above 24% is
considered too high for an original paper
and will be flagged as plagiarism.
writing centers (see the link in the course
with this information), and you can also receive online help via
SmartThinking, the online
tutoring service provided by the College. This service is
available by clicking on SmartThinking in
the left-hand menu bar of the course under Tools & Resources.
Choose from the following topics:
1. Analyze the ending of the novel. What are the “circles of
sorrow” that Nel experiences? Is the
ending pessimistic, optimistic, or something else altogether?
2. Nel and Sula’s friendship is central in the novel. What role
does this friendship play in Nel and
Sula’s lives and what point is Morrison making about the role of
life-long friendships in the
formation of identity?
3. How do people who are intensely individualistic fare in the
novel? Is it possible to break away
from the values of the community and to be one’s own person?
Answer the question with
reference to at least two of the novel’s characters.
4. How and by whom is love expressed in the novel? In what

ways is the love in the novel a ease
the suffering of the characters? How is love not enough to
appease the characters in light of
their suffering?
5. In what ways are the various characters in the novel alienated
from the community? How do
they cope with their loneliness, their preoccupations, and other
after effects of feeling
abandoned?
6. Compare and contrast the journey of self-discovery for two
characters in the book. Remember
to take a position in your thesis that establishes the significance
of the comparison and contrast.
7. Contrast Nel’s relationship to her mother and Sula’s
interaction with her mother. Remember to
take a position in your thesis that establishes the significance of
the contrast.
8. Trace the use of three symbols in the novel and explain their
connection to a theme in the
novel.
9. What does Shadrack’s character teach us about the after
effects of war and the ways mentally ill
people can be ostracized from a community?
10. Although no one has ever joined Shadrack on National
Suicide Day, in the chapter titled 1941,
much of the town marches toward the tunnel where they have
not been able to get work and in
their rage, the try to “kill, as best they could, the tunnel they
were forbidden to build” (160).
What is the significance of the event at the tunnel and the

resulting deaths there?
Essay Assignment 1: Documented Literary Analysis

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