What is an outcome of p53 and Rb inactivation by tumor virusesa. .pdf

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What is an outcome of p53 and Rb inactivation by tumor viruses? a. Their inhibition permits infected cells to bypass eliminating immune responses, thereby promoting cell survival. b. Their inhibition increases proliferation of mutated cells and spread of virus that can transform neighboring cells. c. Their inhibition permits DNA mutations to be passed on to proliferating cells. Solution Answer : The correct answer is B (Their inhibition increases proliferation of mutated cells and spread of virus that can transform neighboring cells) Explanation : Both P53 and Rb are the tumor suppressor genes which acts as cellular brakes for the proliferation of infected/mutated cells. Inhibiting the expression of these genes allows uncontrollable proliferation of cells..

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Exercise 3 Cell Structure Name Tacabac 1. Cells in the body have a fluid surrounding them. What is the name of this fluid? 2. The cytoplasm has a liquid portion. What is it called? 3. What structure in a cell is mostly composed of a phospholipid bilayer? 4. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production? 5. Which organelle makes protein and lipids? 6. Which organelle in the cell has cristae? 7. Which organelle directs the activity of the cell and contains most of the genetic information of the co 8. Which cellular structure is responsible for ribosome production? Solution Extracellular fluid Cytoplasm Cell membrane Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Nucleus.

Exercise 3 Cell Structure Name Tacabac 1. Cells in the body have a fl.pdf

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Does isoforms have do do anything with transcription and translat.pdf

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discuss the evolutionary significance of bilateral symmetry, cephalization, and triploblasty Solution BILATERAL SYMMETRY-The evolutionary significance of it is , bilateral symmetry is a feature of most of the vertebrae. bilateral symmetry contribute to the development of complex central nervous system such as spinal cord and vast network of nerves in the brain. it also help in sensory organ development. this characters make us superior from other species. CEPHALIZATION- THE evolutionary significance of it is the development of brain which becomes more complex and co-ordinated. other advantage is, thevconcentration of sense organs at the front of the body and the close proximity of the mouth to sense organs. TRIPLOBLASTY- the germ layers are evidence of slowly adapting layersof developmental control during embryogenesis. the different cell work togeather on one job within an organised higher order structure. tissue share a common cellular origin in embryogenesis..

discuss the evolutionary significance of bilateral symmetry, cephali.pdf

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Compare the best-case time complexities of Exchange Sort and Inserti.pdf

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When we test your Fraction.java we will use the given FractionTester.java file. Add the following methods to the given Fraction.java file -public Fraction add( Fraction other) returns a Fraction that is the sum of the two Fractions. -public Fraction subtract( Fraction other) returns a Fraction that is the difference between this Fraction minus the other Fraction. -public Fraction multiply( Fraction other) returns a Fraction that is the product of the two Fractions. -public Fraction divide( Fraction other) returns a Fraction that is the quotient of the two Fractions. -public Fraction reciprocal() returns a Fraction that is the reciprocal of this Fractions. -private void reduce() Does not return a Fraction. It just modifies this Fraction by reducing it to its lowest form. Every Fraction must reduce at all times. Every new fraction constructed it must be reduced before the constructor exits. No Fraction at any time may be stored in a form other than its reduced form. /* Fraction.java A class (data type) definition file This file just defines what a Fraction is This file is NOT a program ** data members are PRIVATE ** method members are PUBLIC */ public class Fraction { private int numer; private int denom; // ACCESSORS public int getNumer() { return numer; } public int getDenom() { return denom; } public String toString() { return numer + \"/\" + denom; } // MUTATORS public void setNumer( int n ) { numer = n; } public void setDenom( int d ) { if (d!=0) denom=d; else { // error msg OR exception OR exit etc. } } // DEFAULT CONSTRUCTOR - no args passed in public Fraction( ) { this( 0, 1 ); // \"this\" means call a fellow constructor } // 1 arg CONSTRUCTOR - 1 arg passed in // assume user wants whole number public Fraction( int n ) { this( n, 1 ); // \"this\" means call a fellow constructor } // FULL CONSTRUCTOR - an arg for each class data member public Fraction( int n, int d ) { setNumer(n); setDenom(d); // call your reduce here } // COPY CONSTRUCTOR - takes ref to some already initialized Fraction object public Fraction( Fraction other ) { this( other.numer, other.denom ); // call my full C\'Tor with other Fraction\'s data } private void reduce() { // reduces this fraction to lowest form } }// EOF JavaTester file Solution /* Fraction.java A class (data type) definition file This file just defines what a Fraction is This file is NOT a program ** data members are PRIVATE ** method members are PUBLIC */ public class Fraction { private int numer; private int denom; // ACCESSORS public int getNumer() { return numer; } public int getDenom() { return denom; } public String toString() { return numer + \"/\" + denom; } // MUTATORS public void setNumer(int n) { numer = n; } public void setDenom(int d) { if (d != 0) denom = d; else { // error msg OR exception OR exit etc. } } // DEFAULT CONSTRUCTOR - no args passed in public Fraction() { this(0, 1); // \"this\" means call a fellow constructor } // 1 arg CONSTRUCTOR - 1 arg passed in // assume user wants who.

When we test your Fraction.java we will use the given FractionTester.pdf

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What are transposons? How have they been exploited for bacterial genetic research? Solution The discrete genetic elements of pathogens such as bacteriophages, \"transposons\" & conjugate plasmids that integrated into the host cell genome via horizontal gene transfer finally become more recombinant to generate virulence of pathogen. The hypothesis of this phenomenon is to acquire higher resistance towards host defense system by increasing “pathogen virulence factor synthesis”. This acquisition of genomic integration of conjugate plasmid or “transposon” is useful to obtain knowledge about the pathogen nature & pathogen interaction with host cell finally enables to synthesize vaccines via bacterial genetic research etc. Horizontal gene transfer takes place between bacteria by transferring plasmids and transposons to transfer both pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance properties carrying genes to non- pathogenic, antibiotic-susceptible bacteria..

What are transposons How have they been exploited for bacterial gen.pdf

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A population of 1000 dung beetles was split into live populations when irrigation canals were built through their habitat. The five new populations were called the Northern, Southern, Southern, Eastern, Western, and Central populations. Each new population consisted of about 200 individuals. The five populations continued to evolve, and n migration occurred among populations. One hundred generations later, each population still has about 200 individuals, and a biology Each population would probably have fewer allies that is, versions of gones than it would have had 100 generations ago. Agree Disagree Each population would probably gain new mutations through genetic drift. Agree Desagree Would\'s biologist agree ordisagree with the following statements In the smaller populations of 20 individuals, the processes leading to genetic crift could have a stroger influence on a gene than natural selection Agree Disagree Chance survical of some individulas occurmed in some generations, but no every generation. Agree Disagree All species of during beetles lay their eggs in bells in during Long lege allow the beetles to create better during balls which improves reproductive success. Long legs were common before the canals were bult. However, after the populations were separated became less common in the most southern population. Would the biologist agree or disagree with the following explanations An increase in the proportion of beetles with short legs occurred because natural selection favored individuals with shorter legs. Agree Disagree Since there was no migration there could be no genetic drift. Agree Disagree A disorder that causes nearsightedness is caused by a genetic multaion. Nearsighledness was harmful to people living on a small island because the island. Before the storm, 0.1 % of the people had this disorder. Of the 50 people who survived the storm, 2% were nearshigted. Within a few generations, 10% of the islanders were nearsighted. Nearsightedness must have become more common thought natural selection. Agree Disagree Near-sightedness must have become more common though people migrating from neighboring islands. Agree Disagree Nearsighledriess must common through migrating from neighboring islards. Agree Disagree Nearsighteclness must have become more common through new mutations. Agree Disagree Solution Answer 12- Agreed to this statement as greater variation will occur due to mutation, climatic and environmental changes over a long period of time. So only few adaptic variation were found among five population. Answer 13-Agreed . Yes number of alleles will remain same . Answer 14-Agreed. Variation may occur through long time gap. Genetic drift will cause mutation and result in variation among 5 population. Answer 15- Agreed. As genetic drift will have more influence than natural selection as it a slower process than genitic drift. Answer 16- Agreed. Similar features existed among these population , so number of death of individual remai.

A population of 1000 dung beetles was split into live populations whe.pdf

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Which of these sentences are TRUE in Java? Select all that apply, You can create an instance of an Interface Given a class, you can extend multiple classes Given a class, you can implement multiple interfaces You can add a default behavior to an Abstract method Solution -3) given class we can implement multiple interfaces Is true Only one option is true - 1) is false we can create only interface reference variable 2) we cannot extend multiple classes 4) no behavior should be in abstract method.

Which of these sentences are TRUE in Java Select all that apply, You.pdf

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Which of the following is a stated principle of a NYSE report identifying key core governance principles? Members of the Board of Directors should be primarily independent members. Effective corporate governance should be viewed as a compliance obligation. Effective corporate governance should be integrated with the company’s business strategy. The Board of Directors has the primary responsibility for creating a culture of integrity and ethical behavior. Solution Ans: option c Reason : ONE OF THE 10 KEY GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLE STATED IN NYSE REPORT STATED THAT effective corporate governance should be taken as integrated business strategy rather than a compliance obligation..

Which of the following is a stated principle of a NYSE report identi.pdf

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Why do some elderly take B12 sublingually or transdermally? Provide a detailed answer with research to back it up. Cite your source. Solution The oral route of administration of vitamin -B12 (cynacobalamin) has poor absorption rates in older senior citizens during the treatment of pernicious anemia whereas intramuscular route of administration is going to cause severe pain finally inflammation or wound, which is likely take longer time to heal (if they have diabetes). So that it is essential to provide them sublingual tablets or transdermal B12 patches to provide them a better absorption into direct \"blood transport\". This is because sublingual route has associated with direct exposure of blood capillaries so that promotes easy absorption.

Why do some elderly take B12 sublingually or transdermally Provide .pdf

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Why is water a more hospitable environment for life than dry land? Osmotic balance is not a problem Gravity is not a problem. Sperm can meet egg easily in water. Oxygen is more available in water. B and C only. Angiosperms disperse their seeds by producing seeds. Fleshy edible fruits that are consumed by animals which defecate the Seeds that sometimes attach to animals. Seeds that catch the wind. All of the choices are correct. None of the choices are correct. Tracheal system for gas exchange is found in which organism? Crustacean Earthworm. Insect. Jellyfish. Vertebrate What is a radula? A flexible supportive rod on the dorsal surface of chordates. A stinging cell used by sea anemones to capture prey. A locomotory structure in sea stars. A spiny ribbon of tissues used for feeding in snails. A gas exchange structure in insects. Which of the following adaptations allowed reptiles to complete their life cycles on land? Lungs. Endothermic metabolism. An amniotic egg. Four legs. Pack behavior. What class of the phylum Cnidarian occurs only as a polyp? Hydrozoa. Scyphozoan. Anthozoa. Only A are correct. A, B, and Care correct. Solution The third option is correct. Water is a good source for pollination or spreading of gametes. The option D is correct. Angiosperms are evolved advanced and have various types of pollination system. This helps the greater availability of them. The option C is correct. Insects have advance type of tracheal based respiratory system. The option D is correct. Radula is a hard anatomical structure used for feeding by scraping or cutting food. This is characteristic of Mollusca phylum. The option A is correct. Lungs are importantly developed in reptiles to live in land. The option D is correct. Hydrozoa a class of Cnidaria are always polyp..

Why is water a more hospitable environment for life than dry land O.pdf

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Which of the following triploblastic invertebrates is incorrectly matched with the type of body cavity it possesses? a) Pseudocoelomate - Flatworm b) Coelomate - Annelida c) Acoelomate - Platyhelminthe d) Pseudocoelomate - Nematoda e) Coelomate - Earthworm Solution Answer: a) Pseudocoelomate - Flatworm Reason: Trematodes: Flatworm are coelomates and trematodes are belongs to flatworms & triploblastic with a true body cavity but not a pseudocoelom These are flatworms and living as internal parasites inside the molluscans, some vertebrates. The life cycle involves two hosts as described below..

Which of the following triploblastic invertebrates is incorrectly ma.pdf

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What is the fundamental difference between shell subscript and C programs? Shell scripts must be compiled before execution, but C programs are interpreted \"on the fly\" Shell scripts must have their executable permissions turned on, but C programs do not need this. Shell scripts can be graphical, but C programs cannot be so. Shell script source code is interpreted \"on the fly\". but C programs must be compiled before execution. A value passed to a shell script from the command line is called a(n) variable value $1 argument Solution Q 34 Shell script source code is interpreted on the fly but C programs must be compiled before execution. 35 A value passed to a shell script from the command line Is called argument.

What is the fundamental difference between shell subscript and C prog.pdf

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What effect would an increase in population size likely have on the linkage map? What effect would including additional marker data have on the linkage map? Solution Ans: a) According to Burr and Burr (1991), the choice of the population type for genetic mapping might have important consequences concerning the efficiency and utility of the genetic information. Hanson (1959) and Liu (1998) demonstrate that a given population size affects the power to detect linkage as well as the estimate and accuracy of the recombination frequency. i.e., Increased populations can exert an influence on the accuracy of genetic maps. As the accuracy of a genetic linkage map was heavily influenced by population size a more robust, high-density genetic linkage map with adequate genetic information for QTL analysis is possible. The higher the number of individuals, the more precise would be the map Choice of population size happens due to the excessive work and costs associated with phenotyping and genotyping in large populations. When the main focus is the detection of QTL, the size of the mapped population may be determined by the gene effect to be detected as well as the type of population. The resolution of the mapped QTL depends more on the size of the mapped population and less on to the effect of the QTL. Ans b: Construction of linkage maps is crucial for genetic studies and marker-assisted breeding programs. Recent advances in next generation sequencing technologies allow for the generation of high-density linkage maps, especially in non-model species lacking extensive genomic resources. With the used of additional marker data on the linkage map, a more number of highly densed linkage maps can be constructed. Therefore, the linkage map (also known as a genetic map) that shows the position of its known genes or genetic markers relative to each other in terms of recombination frequency, rather than a specific physical distance along each chromosome. Ie., Genetic maps help researchers to locate other markers, such as other genes by testing for genetic linkage of the already known marker Higher resolution maps, with more markers, must be generated and such high-resolution maps will provide researchers with a range of recombination frequencies across a 1–2-cM interval, and thus, at best, researchers could expect to predict an upper and lower range of N, not the precise number. To improve the robustness (reproducibility) of R-map frequencies, genetic maps must be generated based on sampling hundreds to thousands of progeny rather than only 100–200 individuals..

What effect would an increase in population size likely have on the .pdf

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What are abstract classes? Don\'t interfaces also allow for polymorphism? If so, what is the difference between abstract classes and interfaces? Which would you choose when? Solution (i) Abstract class: abstract class is a class that is declared abstract. -It may include or may not include abstract method. -It can be subclassed ,but cannot be instantiated. -A abstract method is a method that is declared without an implementation. e.g abstract void drive1() If a class includes abstract methods,then the class declare itself as abstract. e.g public abstract class DriveCar { abstract void drive1(); } (ii) Interface allow polymorphism.It formalize polymorphism. If two elements realizes the same interface,then only these are polymorphic w.r.t a set of behaviors . It gives good description of working of polymorphism & allows us to define polymorphism in a declarative way. (iii) Difference between abstract classes & interfaces: It can extent only one class or one abstract class at a time. It can have abstract and non-abstract methods. (iv) We would use abstract class in the following scenerio: (i)When we want to use inheritance as it provides a common base class implementation to derived classes. (ii)When we want to declare non-public method as Interface has all methods as public only. (iii)When we want to add methods in future because if you add a method to interface,then all of the classes that are already implemented ,needed to be changed. We would use interface in the following scenerio: Interface is used when we need to implement multiple inheritance.Abstract ClassInterface It can extent only one class or one abstract class at a time. It can extent any number of interfaces at a time. It can have abstract and non-abstract methods. It can have only abstract methods.It can have protected ,public abstract methods.It can have only public abstract method.abstract keyword is used to declare it.interface keyword is used to declare itA class can extent only one abstract class. A class can implement any number of interfacesIt can be inherited by a class or an abstract class. It can be extended only by interfaces.Classes has to implement them instead of extend. It can have static methods,main methodds and constructor. It can\'t have static methods,main methodds and constructor..

What are abstract classes Dont interfaces also allow for polymo.pdf

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Migration does not result in O populations becoming more genetically .pdf

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The hippocampus is \"connected\" by the fornix and the perforant path to two areas of the brain which are descriptively named. Identify these areas and indicate the derivation of the nomenclature. Indicate the type of neural structure to which each is assigned (e.g. striate-cortex= neocortex). What function is the hippocampus involved in? How might these connections particularly help mediate this function? Briefly outline the direction of the connections. Describe how the shape of the thalamus (diencephalon) and brainstem reflect the presence of impinging cortical structures along the antero-posterior axis. Describe the difference between sheep and human brains. Solution 6.The two parts are the posterior part of hippocampus and and the presynaptic part of the perforant path. The hippocampus is defined as a a small organ.This organ is usually present within the brain\'s medial temporal lobe.Moreover it usually forms a very important part of the limbic system.The main function of this the region is to regulate emotions.It also plays a very important role in the process of spatial navigation .The following are the connections involved.The hippocampus is usually a banana-shaped structure which is present within the temporal lobe and , The main input comes from the part which is called adjacent entorhinal cortex and on the other hand the the majority of the output is sent out through the region called as the subiculum. 7.The shape of thalamus and brainstem reflects the presence of impringing cortcial structures along the antero-posterior axis becase these two usually involves the global cortical effects of both theta and ripple oscillations.They also include the the anatomical pathways which helps to link the hippocampus and midline thalamus .This includes the subiculum and entorhinal cortex,.As a result it results in the functional connectivity between these networks during the given oscillatory activity. The difference between sheep and human brain is that a human brain has a rounded shape while the sheep’s brain is usually elongated.Moreover The olfactory bulb which is present in both is comparatively larger in the sheep’s brain and it is smaller in the human brain..

The hippocampus is connected by the fornix and the perforant path.pdf

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Tom is colorblind, but his wife Mary is not. Their son is colorblind. Colorblindness is a sex- linked trait. Tom\'s wife is Select one; Homozygous for colorblindness Homozygous for normal vision or heterozygous for normal vision. Homozygous for normal vision. Heterozygous for normal vision. Solution Heterozygous for normal vision X-linked color blindness is a recessive trait. Tom’s wife is heterozygous for this trait have normal vision. Females heterozygous for this trait have normal vision. The color perception defect manifests itself in Tom’s wife only when it is inherited from both parents. By contrast, Tom inherit their single X-chromosome from their mothers and become color blind if this X- chromosome has the color perception defect.

Tom is colorblind, but his wife Mary is not. Their son is colorblind..pdf

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The text (The Art of Enterprise Information Architecture) introduces Business Performance Management and implicit to that discussion are Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Why are KPIs important in the context of enterprise architecture? What TWPs are likely to reflect or be impacted by KPIs? Solution Answer:- Key Performance Indicator (KPI) : 1) A Key Performance Indicator is a measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a company is achieving key business objectives. Organizations use KPIs to evaluate their success at reaching targets. 2) Selecting the right KPIs will depend on your industry and which part of the business you are looking to track. Each department will use different KPI types to measure success based on specific business goals and targets. Find out what types of key performance indicators are relevant to your department industry or role Types of KPIs. 3) Once you’ve selected your key business metrics, you will want to track these KPIs in a real- time reporting tool. 4) KPI tracking can be done using dashboard software, giving your entire organization insights into your current performance. KPI software : KPI software enables businesses to create, manage and analyze data from KPIs . The software allows organisations to enter their data into one specially designed system, or connect external services for faster and more accurate data collection. This type of software allows businesses to visualize and comprehend data from a number of KPIs that represent different areas of a business, all in one place. Companies benefit from KPI software through faster and more accurate data collection, instant reports on performance, and alerts when a KPI is over or under achieving. KPI Software centralizes businesses data, while simplifying real-time reporting to always give them a competitive edge. KPI Software increases data visibility as when it is in the cloud it is mobile. Business Metrics : A Business Metric is a quantifiable measure that is used to track and assess the status of a specific business process. Every area of business has specific metrics that should be monitored marketing metrics can include tracking campaign and program statistics while sales metrics . KPI Reports and Dashboards: To be useful KPIs need to be monitored and reported on if they change in real-time, they should be monitored in real-time. Dashboards are the perfect tool for your KPI reports as they can be used to visually depict the performance of an enterprise, a specific department, or a key business operation. Measuring and monitoring business performance : There are six factors that separate effective, value creating KPIs from detrimental, value diminishing KPIs. The right KPIs for your business should follow these KPI best practices: 1) Aligned - Make sure the KPIs your are choosing align with the strategic goals and objectives of your organization. 2) Attainable - The KPIs you choose to measure should have data that can be easily obtained. 3) Acut.

The text (The Art of Enterprise Information Architecture) introduces.pdf

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1. Which two types of DNA are commonly used to trace ancestry? Solution DNA in the cell exist in the form of Chromosomes. These chromosomes are categorized into Autosomes and allosomes. X and Y chromosomes are allosomes or Sex chromosomes. Among sex chromosomes, Y chromosome show s uniparental inheritance I.e from father to son only, not to daughter. Similarly mitochondrial DNA also uniparenta. I.e we got mitochondrial Dna only from mother. So Y chromosome DNA and Mitochondrial DNA are used extensively for Ancestray studies.

1. Which two types of DNA are commonly used to trace ancestrySo.pdf

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